Contents. Page 1. Homework 11 Chapter Blood Vessels Due: Week 6 Lec 11

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1 Page 1 Homework 11 Chapter Blood Vessels Due: Week 6 Lec 11 Contents When printing, make sure that you specify the page range that you want to print out! Learning objectives for Lecture 11:...pg 1 (Part 1) Anatomy of the Blood Vessels (Ch18.):.....pg 2-5 (Part 2) Special Circulation (Ch 18) and Function of the Blood Vessels (Ch19.):..pg 6-7 Class activity: Regulation of Blood Pressure...pg 8 Learning objectives for Lecture 10: A) Anatomy of Blood Vessels Describe the flow of blood from the heart through the Systemic and Pulmonary circuits Compare the structure and function of arteries, veins and capillaries Name and locate the main arteries and veins of the systemic circuit and the pulmonary circuit Compare deep veins and superficial veins Define anastomosis and collateral circulation Describe the following three special circulations: Blood supply to the brain (circle of Willis) Hepatic portal circulation Fetal circulation B) Function of Blood Vessels Describe the fluid shift between capillaries and the interstitial space: What is the main force that causes filtration of water and nutrients from the blood plasma to the interstitial space What is the main force that causes osmosis of water and waste materials from the interstitial space to the blood plasma Describe the regulation of blood pressure (BP). Describe how cardiac output (Heart rate and stroke volume) influences BP Describe the effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic (n. vagus=n X.) nervous system and epinephrine (hormone) on the cardiac output Describe how vasotone (vasoconstriction / vasodilation) influences BP: Describe the effects of the: Sympathetic nervous system and epinephrine and the Renin/ Angiotensin II system on the vasotone. Describe how the changes in blood volume influence BP : Describe the effects of Aldosterone and ADH (vasopressin) on blood volume and BP

2 Page 2 PART Block 1: pgs Blood Vessels Study: Figure 18-1 Define artery: Arteries and arterioles are blood vessels that carry blood. Define vein: veins and venules are blood vessels that carry blood. What direction do capillaries carry blood? From the towards the. Which blood vessels have smooth muscle in their walls? {circle the ones that do!} Arteries > Arterioles > Capillaries > Venules > Veins Some blood vessels have valves inside. Which ones? What is the function of these valves? What do blood vessels (most importantly the arterioles) do to change the resistance of the vasculature to the blood flow? Let s rephrase! and. Vasoconstriction resistance to blood flow and therefore increases blood pressure. Vasodilation resistance to blood flow and therefore blood pressure. What is the main function of the capillaries? What kind of materials diffuse out of the capillaries into the interstitium (Tissue space between cells, extracellular space) What kind of materials diffuse into the capillaries from the interstitial space. Block 2: pgs Major arteries of the systemic circulation Major veins of the systemic circulation Study: Figure 18-3, 18-4, 18-5 In this section you will have to be able to name some of the major blood vessel that provide blood supply (perfusion) and drainage to the various parts of the body: These blood vessels form the tubes of the systemic circulation. What kind of blood flows in the systemic arteries and arterioles? {circle the correct answer} Oxygenated (rich in oxygen or saturated with oxygen) or Deoxygenated (poor in oxygen) Hint for learning the names of the main blood vessels: Arteries and veins often run side by side and have the same name. Unfortunately however some veins on the head and neck and in the abdominal cavity are named differently and/or do not follow arteries.

3 Page 3 The beginning part of the aorta that is rising 1. The beginning part of the aorta that is curving, turning down 2. What is the name of this large blood vessel that returns blood from the superior part of the body into the right atrium? The beginning part of the aorta that is in the chest 3. A. The beginning part of the aorta that is abdominal cavity What is the name of this large blood vessel that returns blood from the inferior part of the body into the right atrium? 4. B. What is the common name for parts 3. and 4. of the aorta?

4 Name the major arteries of the systemic circuit! Using Fig 18-9 on pg. 354 mark the pulse points! Page 4 Name these arteries that supply blood to the brain! This artery has a different name on the right and left! Which one is this? This artery has a different name on the right and left! What is its name? These arteries supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium. The artery that supplies blood to the kidney. Inferior artery, supplies blood to the intestines.

5 Page 5 Name the major veins of the systemic circuit! Which one drains blood from the brain? 1, 2, Name the three superficial veins on the arm and antecubital area! (Hint: None of the are the brachial vein which is a deep vein) 1, The lateral one: 2, The medial one 3, This is the most frequently used vein to draw blood samples This is the largest superficial vein on the lower extremity: What is it used for by surgeons? Name the major veins of the body! What is the other name often used instead of vein in medical terminology? (Refer to the Medical Terminology and Disorders insert in Ch19: pg ) What term refers to the procedure when we insert a needle into a vein to obtain blood sample? What are the two main disorders of the veins that results from inflammation and clotting in the veins? 1 Anterior and posterior 2 Which one is more significant clinically? What is one of the most dangerous complications when the clot breaks off and lodges into the pulmonary veins? What is the disorder when clots form in the veins due to inactivity, without inflammation present?

6 Page 6 Block 3: pgs Special Circulations 1, Blood supply to the head and brain 2, Liver and the Hepatic Portal Circulation 3, Fetal Circulation Study: Figure 18-6, 18-7, , Blood supply to the head and brain: Study: Figure 18-6 What are two pairs of major arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the brain? 1, (Complete and Circle the one that directly supplies the brain!) Common / External / Internal 2, Which of the above unites to form the basilar artery? What is the circular anastomosis on the base of the brain called that is formed by the internal carotids and basilar artery Which major vein collects blood directly from the brain? (Circle the correct one and complete) Internal / External 2, Hepatic Portal Circulation Study: Figure 18-7 What is the major blood vessel that carries nutrient rich but unoxygenated blood from the digestive organs to the liver? Which artery supplies oxygenated blood to the liver? Which blood vessel collects all the blood from the liver and drains it into the inferior vena cava (IVC)? Clinical insight: Right heart failure and the liver! When the heart muscle cannot pump all the blood that the ventricles receive from the veins and atria forward - into the arteries - the heart fails to do its job. If it is the right ventricle that fails, then we talk about right heart failure. In this case the blood is going to accumulate, back up in which vessels? Systemic / Pulmonary veins? (Circle the correct answer). As the blood continues building up in the veins, the aqueous solution that makes up most of the plasma is filtered into the abdominal cavity (ascites) and into the interstitial space of the body (especially the low lying parts, like legs). This is called dependent edema. Since the blood from the liver (hepatic veins) drains into the vena cava inferior, some blood is going to accumulate in the liver as well causing it to swell: hepatomegaly. 3, Fetal Circulation Study: Figure 18-8 Where does the fetus get oxygen rich blood from? What characterizes the blood flow through the lungs of the fetus? What are the two important shunts that help diverting the blood from the right (pulmonary circulation) to the left heart? 1, The shunt that allows blood to pass from the right atrium to the left atrium is the 2, The shunt that allows blood to pass from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta is the What is the disorder called when 2, does not close after birth?

7 Page 7 Block 4: pgs Blood Vessels Act as Exchange Vessels Exchange involving Diffusion Exchange involving Filtration- Osmosis Study: Figure 19-6, 19-7 What is this process called on the arterial side of the capillary? Process on the venous side of the capillary? What materials leave the capillary? What materials return into the capillary? What materials cannot leave the capillary? What is the main driving force for this process? What is the main driving force for this process? Arterial end of the capillary Venous end of the capillary Discuss the following causes for edema: A) Lymphatic vessel blockade B) Hypoproteinemia ( Burn injury or liver cirrhosis) C) Right heart failure Review your knowledge! Pgs Matching: Blood vessels: Structure and Function 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10), Matching: Names of Blood vessels 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10), Matching: Fetal Circulation 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), Multiple Choice 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7) _XXXX_, 8), 9), 10), Go Figure 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6, 7,

8 Page 8 Class Activity: Blood Pressure Regulation CARDIAC OUTPUT Discuss the effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS and Adrenaline VASCULAR TONE Discuss the effects of the A) sympathetic and parasympathetic NS and Adrenaline BP B) Angiotensin II BLOOD VOLUME Discuss the effects of A) Aldosterone B) ADH (vasopressin) Discuss what can cause hypovolemia or hypervolemia