Radial Artery Hemostasis and Post procedure Management

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1 Radial Artery Hemostasis and Post procedure Management Samir B. Pancholy, MD, FACP, FACC, FSCAI Program Director, Cardiology Fellowship, Wright Center for Graduate Medical Center Associate Professor of Medicine, The Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, PA

2 Radial hemostasis The easiest part of the procedure. The main reason for attractiveness of TRA

3 Radial artery hemostasis Radial artery lies on the flat portion of radius No major neurovascular structures Ulnar collateralization prevents ischemia Well tolerated

4 Distal forearm anatomy

5 Common Methods Sheath is removed and Hemoband / TR band is applied Patient can sit up immediately after the procedure Ambulation can occur as soon as patient steady.

6 Radial artery hemostasis Most significantly affects radial artery outcomes

7 Radial artery hemostasis Most significantly affecting radial artery outcomes Most CAD patients will need more than one procedure

8 Radial artery occlusion Asymptomatic (>95%) Symptomatic Inflammatory (radial arteritis) Ischemic (embolic) Limits future ipsilateral TRA

9 RAO HAPPENS 10.5% at 1 week follow up (Sanmartin et al) 7% at 4 weeks ( Pancholy et al) 6.8% at 4 6 months (Rathore et al) 7% at 4 8 weeks (Plante et al)

10 Radial Artery Occlusion Rates Early Late Pre Patent hemostasis % NR NR Sanmartin Rathore Plante Pancholy Anticoagulation UFH u/kg UFH 70 u/kg UFH 70 u/kg Or Bivalirudin UFH 50u/kg Coutesy of SV Rao, MD

11 Heparin and RAO Incidence of RAO (%) No Heparin I.U 5000 I.U 2000 I.U 5000 I.U Spaulding et al Bernat et al Incidence of RAO (%)

12 Radial artery Hemostasis PREVENTION OF RADIAL ARTERY OCCLUSION

13 Mechanism of RAO Flow cessation During procedure: Caused by hardware

14 Mechanism of RAO Flow cessation During procedure: Caused by hardware Caused by spasm

15 Mechanism of RAO Flow cessation During procedure: Caused by hardware Caused by spasm After procedure:

16 Mechanism of RAO Flow cessation During procedure: Caused by hardware Caused by spasm After procedure: Caused by compression

17 Mechanism of RAO Flow cessation During procedure: Caused by hardware Caused by spasm After procedure: Caused by compression Caused by residual spasm

18 Mechanism of RAO

19 Mechanism of RAO Thrombosis (acute) Rapid organization with fibrotic lumen obliteration

20 Mechanism of RAO

21 Mechanism of RAO

22 Mechanism of RAO

23 Mechanism of RAO

24 Mechanism of RAO

25 Mechanism of RAO Flow cessation During procedure: Caused by hardware Caused by spasm After procedure: Caused by compression Caused by residual spasm

26 Prevention of RAO During the procedure Use lowest profile hardware Systemic anticoagulation

27 Prevention of RAO Spaulding C et al. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn Dec;39(4):

28 Prevention of RAO Bivalirudin as effective as Heparin

29 Does route of administration matter Pancholy S. Am J Cardiol Oct 15;104(8):1083 5

30 Radial artery hemostasis Absent radial flow Sanmartin et al CCI 2007; 70: 185 9

31 Radial artery hemostasis Interruption of radial flow highly predictive of subsequent radial artery occlusion. Sanmartin et al CCI 2007; 70: 185 9

32 Active radial hemostasis Attention to hemostasis Attention to radial artery patency Periodic monitoring of radial artery patency

33 Patent Hemostasis P < 0.05 % Pancholy S et al, CCI 2008;72:335 40

34 Patent Hemostasis

35 Patent Hemostasis

36 Patent Hemostasis

37 Patent Hemostasis

38 Patent Hemostasis

39 Patent Hemostasis

40 Patent Hemostasis

41 Patent Hemostasis

42 Ideal Hemostasis

43 Radio Ulnar circuit UA RA

44 Radio Ulnar circuit UA RA

45 Radio Ulnar circuit UA RA

46 Ulnar compression

47 Ulnar compression UA compressed UA released

48 Radial VTI with Ulnar compression * VTI (m.s 2 ) P < Baseline Ulnar compression N = 150

49 Larger the Ulnar higher the VTI increase Ulnar Diameter (mm) r=0.60, P < ) DVTI

50 Prevention of Radial artery Occlusion using Prophylactic Hyperperfusion Evaluation Trial (PROPHET II) 610 patients randomized to Group I: Patent Hemostasis Group II: Patent Hemostasis + Ulnar compression

51 PROPHET II Ulnar compression lowers RAO

52 PROPHET II STAY TUNED

53 Hemostasis Protocol Monitor radial patency every 15 min Adjust hemostatic pressure to maintain radial patency Remove pressure device in 2 hours. Apply light dressing (e.g Bandaid) Avoid compressive dressing.

54 Have we made a difference?

55 Radial Artery Occlusion Rates Early Late Pre Patent hemostasis Post Patent hemostasis % Anticoagulation 2 0 NR NR Sanmartin Rathore Plante Pancholy Cubero Bernat UFH u/kg UFH 70 u/kg UFH 70 u/kg Or Bivalirudin UFH 50u/kg UFH u/kg UFH 5000 u Patent hemostasis No No No Yes Yes Yes + Ulnar compression

56 Treatment of RAO Symptomatic treatment: Local cold pack, NSAIDS,? Systemic anticoagulants No need for endovascular/surgical therapy

57 Treatment of RAO Symptomatic treatment: Local cold pack, NSAIDS,? Systemic anticoagulants No need for endovascular/surgical therapy EMBOLIZATION

58 Summary Use lowest profile hardware Use systemic anticoagulation Use patent hemostasis technique New ideas?

59 Thank you

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