Parallel Universes: Remarkable Similarities in the Siege of Invasive Species on Florida and Hawai i. Steven C. Hess and Lloyd L.
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1 Parallel Universes: Remarkable Similarities in the Siege of Invasive Species on Florida and Hawai i Steven C. Hess and Lloyd L. Loope USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center
2 If Hawai i were at the same Longitude as Florida
3 Similarities Between Hawai i and Florida Subtropical / Tropical Climates Between N Insular / Peninsular Geography Past isolation Young terrestrial environments Fast forward of invasions Ecosystem Functions Altered by Invasive Species
4 Similarities Between Hawai i and Florida Surrounded by Water!
5 Dissimilarities Topography Florida is flat ( 105 m) Hawai i is not Large Subapline / Alpine zones 4,205 m Geology Florida doesn t have volcanoes Hawai i does Recent basaltic lava flows and volcanic ash Hydrology Florida has extensive wetlands Hawai i does not Some coastal fringing wetlands
6 Common Invasive Animals Mammals Feral pigs Feral cats Black rats Birds Cattle Egrets Parrots Herptiles Cane toads Invertebrates Little fire ants
7 Feral Pigs Ecosystems Alter nutrient cycling Accelerate soil erosion Vegetation Browse, trample, & uproot native plants Disperse invasive plants Management Sustained removals in Florida Fenced and removed from ~750 km 2
8 Pig Proof Fences USGS Photo
9 Feral Cats Notorious Predators Endangered native birds in Hawai i Endangered Key Largo woodrat Host of Toxoplasma Hard to manage Cryptic Nocturnal Trap Wary
10 Cat Proof Fences
11 Little fire ant (Wasmannia auropunctata) Discovered on Hawai i Island 1999 Implications for red imported fire ant Ad-hoc control methods widely used Candidate for classical biological control
12 Little fire ant (Wasmannia auropunctata) Chemical control S-methoprene gel bait recipe FIFRA Section 2 Approved for Hawai i
13 Common Invasive Plants Brazilian peppertree or Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius) Myrtaceae Strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum) Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) Lantana (Lantana camara) Swordfern (Nephrolepis spp.) Fountain grass (Pennisetum setaceum) Molassesgrass (Melinis minutiflora)
14 Common Invasive Plants Dominate large areas Alter ecosystem processes Nutrient cycling Hydrology Fire regimes Wildlife habitat Myrtaceae Strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum) Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia)
15 Brazilian peppertree or Christmas berry (Schinus terebinthifolius) Highly invasive in Florida and Hawai i Native to South America Subject of biological control in Hawai i One beetle and two moth species introduced from Brazil Seed-feeding wasp accidentally introduced from South Africa
16 Potential Biocontrol Agents for Schinus terebinthifolius Evaluated in Florida Sawfly Heteroperreyia hubrichi Thrip Pseudophilothrips ichini Leaf-rolling moth Episimus utilis Stem Boring Weevil Apocnemidophorus pipitzi Accidentally Reached Hawai i and Florida Seed-feeding wasp Megastigmus transvaalensis Released in Hawai i Moths 1954 Episimus utilis Crasimorpha infuscata Beetle 1954 Lithraeus atronotatus
17 Lantana (Lantana camara) Highly invasive in Hawai i and Florida Native to West Indies L. depressa endangered in Florida Thorny! Toxic! Subject of successful biological control in Hawai i Ornamental varieties may preclude biological control in Florida
18 Pests and Biological Globalization of trade Control Agents Oceanic islands vulnerable One place s pest is another s biocontrol Cycad Aulacaspis scale
19 Eucalyptus Rust Puccinia psidii Pathogen of Myrtaceae In Florida >30 years Found in Hawai i 2005 Devastated rose apple (Syzygium jambos) trees Threat to native ōhi a (Metrosideros polymorpha) trees and associated fauna Potential adventive biological control in Florida for paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia)
20 Guava scale insect (Tectococcus ovatus) Pathogen of strawberry guava (Psidium cattleianum) Native to Brazil Potential biological control agent for strawberry guava in Florida Host specificity tested in Florida and Hawai i Released in Hawai i 2011
21 Opportunities? Invasions may be seen as unfortunate Natural resources in need of protection Potential mutually beneficial applications Reciprocal information transfer Centers for development of broader application Work in isolation won t solve problems Proactive cooperation
22 Reciprocal Information & Applications Transfer Effects of invasive species on ecosystems Fence designs Feral pigs Predators Biological control Fire ants Myrtaceae Pesticide development Photo by Heather Eijzenga, courtesy of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service National conservation registration for rodenticides
23 Acknowledgments Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center USGS Invasive Species & Wildlife programs Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk- HEAR.org Photos by Forest & Kim Starr Mahalo!
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