Castor Seed Crop Survey Report Report prepared by Religare Agri Research Department

Transcription

1 Report prepared by Religare Agri Research Department Disclaimer:

2 INTRODUCTION Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is cultivated around the world because of the commercial importance of its oil. Castor is a small annual plant. It ranges from 1 to 7 meters in height. It has well-developed roots, with green and reddish stems which become hollow with age. The fruit is a spherical capsule with small grey seeds with brown spots. The castor plant appears to have originated in eastern Africa, especially around Ethiopia. It now grows throughout the warm-temperate and tropical regions and flourishes under a variety of climatic conditions. India is the main producer in castor production in the world. The Indian variety of castor has an oil content of 48% and 42% can be extracted, while the cake retains the rest. Castor grows under tropical conditions. A hot and humid climate is required for its production. Castor oil obtained from castor seed is inedible but is of great industrial importance.

3 COMMERCIAL USES OF CASTOR OIL Castor is a versatile, renewable resource having vast and varied applications such as lubricating grease, surfactants, surface coatings, telecom, engineering plastics, pharma, rubber chemicals, nylons, soaps, hydraulic brake fluids, paints and polymers and perfumery products. Castor meal has uses in agriculture as organic manure. The chemical structure of castor oil is of great interest because of the wide range of reactions it affords to the oleochemical industry and the unique chemicals that can be derived from it. These derivatives are on par with petrochemical products for use in several industrial applications. In fact, they are considerably superior since they are from renewable sources, bio-degradable and eco-friendly. Castor oil and its derivatives find uses in agriculture, cosmetics, electronics & tele-communications, food, lubricants, paints, inks and adhesives, paper, perfumeries, pharmaceuticals, plastics & rubber and textile chemicals.

4 CROP CHARACTERISTICS Castor is a perennial crop but is grown as an annual crop for economic purpose. It is cultivated in the arid and semi-arid regions in the world. It thrives in wide range of soils and requires well distributed rainfall of mm throughout the crop period. The crop duration is 7-8 months. In India, it is sown in July/August and harvesting commences around December/March. The seeds are then dried, de-podded, bagged and brought to the market yard for trading. The arrivals in the market start from December onwards. States June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March Gujarat Andhra Pradesh Rajasthan Sowing Growth Harvesting

5 PROCESSING OF CASTOR SEED Castor Seed harvested from field is dried till the pods open. Seeds are hulled by using de-hullers or by hand to remove the seed from the pod. Seed contains about 50% of oil by weight. Extraction of oil from Castor Seed is done in a manner similar to that for most other oil seeds. The ripe seeds are allowed to dry, when they split open and discharge the seeds. These seeds are cleaned, cooked and dried prior to extraction. Cooking is done to coagulate protein (necessary to permit efficient extraction), and to free the oil for efficient pressing. The first stage of oil extraction is pre-pressing, using a high pressure continuous screw press called the expeller. Extracted oil is filtered, and the material removed from the oil is fed back into the stream along with fresh material. Material finally discharged from the press, called cake, Contains 8 to 10% oil. It is crushed into a coarse meal, and subjected to solvent extraction with hexane or heptanes. USES Castor is a plant that is commercially very important to the world. Castor seed oil cake is very useful manure to crops. It is a very good fertilizer alternative containing optimum levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium which is suitable for cultivation of Paddy, Wheat, Maize and Sugarcane. Castor oil and its derivatives find major application in soaps, lubricants, grease, hydraulic brake fluids and polymers and perfumery products.

6 Indian Scenario Castor is cultivated in 30 different countries on commercial scale - of which India, China and Brazil are the major castor growing countries - accounting for 90% of the world s production. Historically, Brazil, China and India have been the key producing countries meeting global requirement India is the leader in global Castor production and dominates in international Castor oil trade. Gujarat is the chief producing state, having a share of 75% of domestic production, followed by Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh. A bag packed of castor seed contains 75kg by weight. Major Producing States

7 Indian Scenario India is the world s largest producer of castor contributing to around 85% of world s total production and dominating the global trade with a share of more than 9% from the country. India produces around 10 lakh tons of Castor seed and around 5.5 lakh tons of Castor oil. India meets more than 80% of the demand of castor oil, thereby enjoying a dominant position in the World Castor scenario. The production in India has been witnessing an increasing trend since the decade due to rising usage of castor oil in different industries. Moreover, strong export demand for castor oil was also one of the reasons for rise in production. Gujarat, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh contribute 96% of the total castor seed production in India. Indian Production of Castor Seed Source : GOI

8 Castor Crop Survey Map

9 Major Producing States in India Major Producing Areas in Gujarat Source :

10 Images below are indicative of the crop in Gujarat Palanpur, Banaskantha Idar, Sabarkantha Kadi, Ahmedabad Viramgam, Ahmedabad

11 Images below are indicative of the crop in Gujarat Vijapur, Mehsana Radhanpur, Banaskantha Non-Irrigated Patdi, Surendra Nagar Harij, Patan Re-sown crop

12 Images below are indicative of the crop in Gujarat Becharaji, Mehsana One month crop Becharaji, Mehsana Excellent crop Crop harvesting started near Tharad Banaskantha Progressive farmers used pesticide in castor crop at Dhrangadhra, Surendra Nagar

13 Images below are indicative of the crop in Rajasthan Serodi,Shirohi, Rajasthan Excellent crop Sheoganj, Shirohi, Rajasthan Crop on Sawroopganj to Krishanganj road Shirohi Poor crop Dry crop due to not availability of water near Krishangaj Shirohi

14 Images below are indicative of the crop in Rajasthan Danta, Sanchor, Jalore Sayla, Jalore Sayla, Jalore Bhinmal, Jalore Non Irrigated crop

15 Crop Scenario Total area under Castor crop in India for the year was 9.84 lakh hectares. It decreased by 10% compared to its previous year. Total production of Castor Seed in India for was lakh tonnes. It decreased by 11% as compared to its previous year. Average yield for was 1223 kg/hectare as against 1229 kg/hectare during It fell by 1% as compared to previous year. State- wise Area, Yield and Production of Castor Seed in India State ( ) Area Under Crop (000 ha.) Yield (Kg/Ha) Production (000 MT) % % % Change Change Change Gujarat % % % Rajasthan % % % Andhra Pradesh % % % Others % % % Total % % % Source : GOI

16 RELIGARE CROP SURVEY REPORT We undertook a Castor Seed crop Survey in growing areas of Gujarat and Rajasthan during last week of November In Gujarat, the districts of Banaskantha, Sabarkantha, Mehsana, Patan, Gandhinagar, Surendra Nagar and Ahmedabad were covered. In Rajasthan, the districts of Jalore, Sirohi and Pali were covered. This exercise involved visiting Castor Seed fields, interacting with nearly 75 farmers, physical brokers and crop scientists of Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University and Krishi Vigyan Kendra in Deesa. REPORT Castor Seed sowing for season is estimated at lakh hectares, which is higher than 9.84 lakh hectares of last year. Higher sowing in Gujarat this season pulled up the All India sown figure. Gujarat farmers sowed nearly 7.33 lakh hectares vs lakh hectares the previous season. High prices of around Rs per 20 Kg of Castor Seed during sowing was the primary reason for higher sowing - as per farmers. The secondary reason for higher sowing in Gujarat was the delay in monsoon arrival.

17 Rajasthan Farmers sowed nearly 1.49 lakh hectares vs 1.92 lakh hectares the previous season. Delay in monsoon arrival during sowing time is the major reason for lower sowing - as per farmers. Andhra Pradesh & Telangana farmers sowed nearly 1.53 lakh hectares vs lakh hectares the previous season. Delay in monsoon arrival and low rains are the major reasons for lower sowing - as per farmers. Visiting the Castor fields of Gujarat, one got a sense that the physical traders/ brokers were very pessimistic about this year s crop. Physical traders were concerned that due to deficient rains and a phase of severe hot weather, the productivity may decrease. Farmers were not as pessimistic but were concerned about the negative impact of the hot wave on yields. Scientists however were confident that the yields were as good as, if not better than, last season and were expecting a good crop.

18 Crop Estimates GUJARAT Total area under Castor crop in Gujarat for the year is 7.33 lakh hectares. It has increased by 1.11lakh ha as compared to previous year figure of 6.22 lakh ha. Estimated total production of Castor Seed in Gujarat for the year is 9.90 lakh tonnes. It has increased by 11.2% as compared to previous year figure of 8.90 lakh tonnes. Average yield for the year is 1351 kg/hectare as against 1452 kg/ hectare during the year It has decreased by 7.5% as compared to previous year. District-wise estimated Area, Yield and Production of Castor Seed in Gujarat ( ) District Estimated Area *('000 ha.) Estimated Yield*(kg/ ha.) Estimated Production* ('000 Tones) # Banaskantha Sabarkantha Mehsana Patan Gandhinagar Kutch Surendra Nagar Jamnagar Rajkot Vadodara Kheda Ahmedabad Panchmahal Morbi Others Total * Source : Area Data as per GOI and Yield as per Religare Research after Field Survey

19 Crop Estimates RAJASTHAN Total area under Castor crop in Rajasthan for the year is estimated at 1.49 lakh hectares. It has decreased marginally by 0.1% as compared to last year. Estimated total production of Castor Seed in Rajasthan for the year is 1.56 lakh tones. It has decreased by 7% as compared to previous year figure of 1.68 lakh tonnes. Average yield for the year is 1050 kg/hectare as against 1122 kg/ hectare during the year It has fallen by 6% as compared to previous year. District-wise estimated Area, Yield and Production of Castor Seed in Rajasthan ( ) District Estimated Area *('000 ha.) Estimated Yield*(kg/ ha.) Estimated Production* ('000 Tones) # Barmer Jalor Jodhpur Pali Sirohi Others Total * Source : Area Data as per GOI and Yield as per Religare Research after Field Survey

20 Crop Estimates ANDHRA PRADESH Total area under Castor crop in Andhra Pradesh for the year is 0.46 lakh hectares. It has increased by 2% as compared to previous year. Estimated total production of Castor Seed in Andhra Pradesh for the year is 0.24 lakh tonne. It has decreased by 72% as compared to previous year. Average yield for the year is 527kg/hectare as against 686 kg/ hectare during the year District- wise Estimated Area, Yield and Production of Castor Seeds in Andhra Pradesh ( ) Estimated Area *('000 ha.) District Estimated Yield*(kg/ ha.) Estimated Production* ('000 Tones) # Guntur Kurnool Anathpur Parkasam Others Total * Source : Area Data as per GOI and Yield as per Last five year average

21 Crop Estimates ALL INDIA Total area under Castor crop in India for the year is lakh hectares. It has increased by 5% as compared to previous year. Estimated total production of Castor Seed in India for the year is lakh tonnes. It has decreased by 2.2% as compared to previous year. Average yield for the year is 1188kg/hectare as against 1223 kg/ hectare during the year It has decreased by 2.7% as compared to previous year. State- wise Estimated Area, Yield and Production of Castor Seeds in India ( ) State Estimated Area *('000 ha.) Estimated Yield*(kg/ ha.) Estimated Production* ('000 Tones) Gujarat Rajasthan Andhra Pradesh Others Total * Source : Area Data as per GOI and Yield as per Religare Team Research after Field Survey

22 TECHNICAL LEVELS NCDEX Castor Seed January contract S1 : S2 : R1 : R2 : Website: agri.research@religare.com