LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED

Transcription

1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED Abbreviation Meaning Abbreviation Meaning % Per cent Mn Manganèse & and mm milimetre * Asterisk IW Irrigation water Ca Calcium K Potassium cm centimetre kg kilogram CPE Cumulative pan evaporation mg miligram Cu Copper Mg Magnesium DAP Di ammonium phosphate ml millilitre DAS Days after sowing mm milimetre e.g. exempli gratia (for example) N Nitrogen Fe Iron P Phosphorus FP Farmers practice ph Power of hydrogen ions g gram PSB Phosphate solubilising bacteria GRD Generalized dose PUE Phosphorus use efficiency ha Hectare RDF Recommended dose of fertilizers iii

2 Abbreviation Meaning Abbreviation Meaning i.e. id est (that is) SSP Single super phosphate INM Integrated nutrient management TSS Total soluble solids RLWC Relative leaf water content viz. videlicet (namely) RP Rock phosphate WUE Water use efficiency S Sulphur Zn Zinc sec Second iv

3 LIST OF TABLES S. Title 3.1 Important physical and chemical properties of experimental soil (0-15 cm) at initiation of experiment Schedule of various agronomic operations in okra and pea Composition of organic manure used in experiment Analytical methods employed in soil chemical analysis Analytical methods employed in plant and manure analysis Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on okra fruit length (cm) during crop growth 4.2 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on okra fruit girth (cm) during crop growth 4.3 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on okra fruit weight (g) during crop growth 4.4 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on okra fruit number kg -1 during crop growth 4.5 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on fruit yield (q ha -1 ) of okra crop 4.6 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on P response ratio (kg yield kg -1 P) of okra crop 4.7 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on relative leaf water content (%) during okra crop growth 4.8 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on water use efficiency (kg ha -1 mm -1 ) of okra crop 4.9 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on okra fruit quality v

4 S. Title 4.10 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on total N, P and K (kg ha -1 ) uptake by okra crop 4.11 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on total B and Mo uptake (g ha -1 ) by okra crop 4.12 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on soil ph and organic carbon status (g kg -1 ) after okra harvest 4.13 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on available N, P and K status (kg ha -1 ) of soil after okra harvest 4.14 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on exchangeable Ca and Mg status (c mol (p+) kg -1 ) of soil after okra harvest 4.15 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on soil available Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn status (mg kg -1 ) after okra harvest 4.16 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on available B and Mo status (mg kg -1 ) of soil after okra harvest Economic analysis of experiment under okra Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on pod length and girth (cm) of pea during crop growth 4.19 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on pod number per kg and pod weight (g) during crop growth 4.20 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on green pod yield (q ha -1 ) of pea 4.21 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on P response ratio (kg yield kg -1 P) of pea 4.22 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on relative leaf water content (%) during pea crop growth vi

5 S. Title 4.23 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on xylem water potential (k Pa) during pea crop growth 4.24 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on water use efficiency (kg ha -1 mm -1 ) of pea crop 4.25 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on quality of pea 4.26 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on total N, P and K uptake (kg ha -1 ) by pea crop 4.27 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on total Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn uptake (mg kg -1 ) by pea crop 4.28 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on total B and Mo uptake (mg kg -1 ) by pea crop 4.29 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on soil ph and organic carbon status (g kg -1 ) after pea harvest 4.30 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on available N, P and K status (kg ha -1 ) of soil after pea harvest 4.31 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on exchangeable Ca and Mg status (c mol (p+) kg -1 ) of soil after pea harvest 4.32 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on available Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn status (mg kg -1 ) of soil after pea harvest 4.33 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on available B and Mo status (mg kg -1 ) of soil after pea harvest Economic analysis of experiment under pea Phosphorus transformation (mg kg -1 ) in soil as affected by various treatments after completion of two cropping cycles of okra-pea sequence ( ) 197 vii

6 S. Title 4.36 Soil physical properties as influenced by various treatments after completion of two cropping cycles in okra-pea sequence ( ) 4.37 Relationship between different P fractions with available P, yield and P uptake by okra and pea Economic analysis of experiment under okra-pea sequence ( ) Economic analysis of experiment under okra-pea sequence ( ) 212 viii

7 LIST OF FIGURES S. Title 3.1 Agroclimatic zone map of H.P. (India), showing the zone of study (wet temperate zone) Mean weekly weather data for the year Mean weekly weather data for the year Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on plant height (cm) of okra at 50 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on plant height (cm) of okra at 100 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on plant height (cm) of okra at 50 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on plant height (cm) of okra at 100 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on leaf area index of okra at 50 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on leaf area index of okra at 90 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on leaf area index of okra at 50 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on leaf area index of okra at 90 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on dry matter accumulation (g plant -1 ) in okra at 50 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on 57 ix

8 S. Title dry matter accumulation (g plant -1 ) in okra at 90 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on dry matter accumulation (g plant -1 ) in okra at 50 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on dry matter accumulation (g plant -1 ) in okra at 90 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on maximum rooting depth (cm) of okra during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on maximum rooting depth (cm) of okra during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on root volume (ml) of okra during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on root volume (ml) of okra during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on root dry weight (g) of okra during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on root dry weight (g) of okra during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on root weight density (gm -3 ) of okra during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on root weight density (gm -3 ) of okra during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on root colonization with VAM (% ) of okra during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on on root colonization with VAM (% ) in okra during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on plant height (cm) of pea at 50 DAS during x

9 S. Title 4.24 Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on plant height (cm) of pea at 100 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on plant height of pea (cm) at 50 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on plant height (cm) of pea at 100 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on leaf area index of pea at 50 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on leaf area index of pea at 100 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on leaf area index of pea at 50 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on leaf area index of pea at 100 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on dry weight accumulation (g plant -1 ) of pea at 50 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on dry weight accumulation (g plant -1 ) of pea at 100 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on dry weight accumulation (g plant -1 ) of pea at 50 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on dry weight accumulation (g plant -1 ) of pea at 100 DAS during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on maximum rooting depth (c m) of pea during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on 151 xi

10 S. Title maximum rooting depth (cm) of pea during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on root volume (ml) of pea during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on root volume (ml) of pea during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on root dry weight (g) of pea during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on root dry weight (g) of pea during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on root weight density (g m -3 ) of pea during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on root weight density (g m -3 ) of pea during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on VAM root colonization (%) of pea during Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on VAM root colonization (%) of pea during xii

11 LIST OF PLATES S. Title 3.1 A view of experimental okra crop during A view of experimental pea crop during Response of okra roots to integrated application of VAM, P and irrigation during Root colonization with VAM (%) in okra under integrated application of VAM, P and irrigation during Response of pea roots to integrated application of VAM, P and irrigation during Root colonization with VAM (%) in pea under integrated application of VAM, P and irrigation during xiii

12 LIST OF APPENDICES S. Title 1 Mean weekly weather data at Palampur during (June 2009 to May 2010) Mean weekly weather data at Palampur during (June 2010 to May 2011) Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on N, P and K concentration (%) in okra fruit and stover Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on B and Mo concentration (mg kg -1 ) in okra fruit and stover Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on N, P and K contents (%) in pea pod and stover Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on Zn, Cu and Mn concentration (mg kg -1 ) in pea pod and stover Effect of integrated application of VAM, phosphorus and irrigation on B and Zn concentration (mg kg -1 ) in pea pod and stover Moisture content (%) in okra fruits/ pea pods and stover 254 xiv