1. Drug Classifications (p 3)

Transcription

1 Module Seven Drug Classifications Table of Contents 1. Drug Classifications (p 3) A. Drug Classification Groups (p 4) B. United States Adopted Names (p 5) 2. Generic and Corresponding Brand-Name Drugs by Classification A. Anesthetics (p 6) B. Analgesics (p 6) i. Sample Questions (p 7) C. Antineoplastics (p 8) D. Antihyperlipidemic (p 8) E. Anti-Infectives (p 9) i. Sample Questions (p 10) F. Cardiovascular (p 11) i. Sample Questions (p 12) G. Dermatological (p 13) H. Gastrointestinal (p 13) i. Sample Questions (p 14) I. Hematological (p 15) J. Hormones (p 15) K. Immunobiologic (p 16) i. Sample Questions (p 16) L. Musculoskeletal (p 17) M. Neurological (p 17) N. Ophthalmic (p 18) i. Sample Questions (p 19) O. Psychotropic (p 20) i. Sample Questions (p 21) P. Respiratory (p 22) i. Sample Questions (p 23) 1

2 3. Nutritional Supplements (p 24) A. Vitamins (p 24) B. Electrolytes and Minerals (p 25) i. Sample Questions (p 26) 4. Drugs that Look and Sound Alike (p 27) 5. Answer Key for Sample Questions (p 28) 2

3 1. Drug Classifications When certain drugs are used for different parts of the body it is called the classification of the drug.! A drug s name begins with the chemical name that describes its components and structure. This name identifies the specific compound used in the formulation of a drug, but they are long, complicated names and not useful for general communication.! The Brand name of a drug is the name given by the sponsoring company who compounded the drug.! After a brand-name drug is no longer protected under patent law, it can be marketed by other companies as a generic drug. This is why you need to know the generic names and the corresponding brand names of the top drugs in each classification. Make Flash Cards to memorize ALL of the generic and corresponding brand names found in each drug classification in this Module. 3

4 A. Drug Classification Groups Drugs are classified by a disorder, body system effect, type of receptors, and type of action. Groups of Drug Classifications: Analgesics Anesthetics Antineoplastics Antihyperlipidemic Anti-Infectives Cardiovascular Dermatological Electrolytes and Minerals Gastrointestinal Hematological Hormones Immunobiologic Musculoskeletal Neurological Ophthalmic Psychotropic Respiratory 4

5 B. United States Adopted Names (USAN) The USAN designates nonproprietary names for drugs. This council was formed in the 1960 s by the American Medical Association and the United States Pharmacopoeia. Now the American Pharmacists Association and the FDA are included in the Council. Once approved by these different agencies, the name becomes the official name of the drug. The Stems below are used in drug names to indicate the classification / function of the drug. Stems alol andr ase azaepam eosin` caine cef cillin conazole cort cycline estr gest mycin olol olone oxacin pamide pamil pramine pril profen sulfa terol thiazide vastatin Classes alpha and beta blockers androgens enzymes anti-anxiety antihypertensive local anesthetics cephalosporin penicillin anti-fungal cortisone antibiotics estrogens progestin antibiotics Beta-blockers steroids antibiotics diuretics coronary vasodilators antidepressants antihypertensives anti-inflammatory antibiotics bronchodilators diuretics antihyperlipidemics 5

6 2. Generic and Corresponding Brand-Name Drugs by Classification A. Anesthetics Anesthetics cause an absence of sensation or pain.! Local anesthesia is administered directly to an area to be numbed. It is commonly used in dental work.! General anesthesia produces a complete loss of consciousness. It is used for surgeries and administered by an anesthesiologist. Generic name Procaine Tetracaine Bupivacaine Dibucaine Halothane Midazolam Fentanyl Brand name Novocain Pontocaine Marcaine Nupercainal Fluothane Versed Duragesic B. Analgesics Analgesics are pain-killers. C-II drugs are pure narcotics. Generic Name Brand Name Acetylsalicylic Acid Aspirin Acetaminophen Tylenol Ibuprofen Motrin Naproxen Naprosyn Meperidine Demerol (C-II) Tramadol Ultram Propoxyphene/Acetaminophen Darvon-N Oxycodone/Acetaminophen Percocet (C-II) Morphine MS Contin Hydrocodone /Acetaminophen Vicodin (C-II) Dextroamphetamine + Adderall (C-II) Amphetamine, mixed salts 6

7 i. Sample Questions 1. Acetylsalicylic Acid a. Duragesic 2. Ibuprofen b. Demerol 3. Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen c. Ultram 4. Roxicet d. Versed 5. Procaine e. Percocet 6. Midazolam f. MS Contin 7. Meperidine g. Novocain 8. Naproxen h. Tylenol 9. Fentanyl i. Naprosyn 10. Halothane j. Aspirin 11. Oxaprozin k. Pontocaine 12. Propoxyphene/Acetaminophen l. Darvon-N 13. Tetracaine m. Marcaine 14. Bupivacaine n. Fluothane 15. Acetaminophen o. Motrin 16. Tramadol p. Vicodin 17. Dibucaine q. Daypro 18. Morphine Sulfate u. Nupercainal 19. Dextroamphetamine+ v. Adderall Amphetamine, mixed salts 7

8 C. Antineoplastics Antineoplastics inhibit the growth of new cancer cells. Generic Name Cyclophosphamide Cisplatin Methotrexate Fluorouracil (5-FU) Vincristine Paclitaxel Etoposide Tamoxifen Doxorubicin Brand Name Cytoxan Platinol Rheumatrex Efudex Oncovin Taxol (refrigerate) Vepesid (refrigerate) Nolvadex Adriamycin D. Antihyperlipidemic Antihyperlipidemic drugs lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Generic Name Lovastatin Atorvastatin Simvastatin Fluvastatin Pravastatin Brand Name Mevacor Lipitor Zocor Lescol Pravachol 8

9 E. Anti-Infectives Anti-Infectives treat diseases produced by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Generic Name Ampicillin Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Cefaclor Cephalexin Levofloxacin Ciprofloxacin Azithromycin Sulfisoxazole Tetracycline Metronidazole Acyclovir Brand Name Omnipen Augmentin Ceclor (penicillin sensitive) Keflex Levaquin Cipro Zithromax Bactrim (sun sensitive) Sumycin (sun sensitive) Flagyl Zovirax 9

10 i. Sample Questions 1. Ampicillin a. Augmentin 2. Amoxicillin/Clavulanate b. Lescol 3. Cefaclor c. Zithromax 4. Cephalexin d. Zovirax 5. Ciprofloxacin e. Omnipen 6. Azithromycin f. Ceclor 7. Acyclovir g. Keflex 8. Metronidazole h. Flagyl 9. Cyclophosphamide i. Rheumatrex 10. Cisplatin j. Oncovin 11. Methotrexate k. Vepesid 12. Vincristine l. Cipro 13. Paclitaxel m. Nolvadex 14. Etoposide n. Platinol 15. Tamoxifen o. Cytoxan 16. Lovastatin p. Lipitor 17. Atorvastatin q. Zocor 18. Pravastatin r. Mevacor 19. Simvastatin s. Pravachol 20. Fluvastatin t. Taxol 10

11 F. Cardiovascular Cardiovascular drugs treat conditions and diseases of the cardiovascular system. Generic Name Nitroglycerin Nifedipine Verapamil Lidocaine Diltiazem Losartan Isosorbide Furosemide Atenolol Lisinopril Warfarin Hydrochlorothiazide(HCTZ) Heparin Metoprolol Brand Name Nitrostat (protect from light) Procardia Calan Xylocaine Cardizem Cozaar Isordil Lasix Tenormin Prinivil Coumadin (Do not take with aspirin) Hydrodiuril n/a Lopressor 11

12 i. Sample Questions 1. Nifedipine a. Xylocaine 2. Nitroglycerin b. Isordil 3. Metoprolol c. Hydrodiuril 4. Diltiazem d. Lasix 5. Verapamil e. Cozaar 6. Furosemide f. Prinivil 7. Atenolol g. Tenormin 8. Lisinopril h. Calan 9. Hydrochlorothiazide(HCTZ) i. Heparin 10. Warfarin j. Procardia 11. Heparin k. Coumadin 12. Lidocaine l. Cardizem 13. Isosorbide m. Lopressor 14. Losartan n. Nitrostat 12

13 G. Dermatologicals Dermatologicals are drugs used to treat a disease or condition of the skin. Generic Name Hydrocortisone Silver Sulfadiazine Clotrimazole Betamethasone Ofloxacin Triamcinolone Clobetasol Ketoconazole Brand Name Cortisporin Silvadene Lotrimin AF Diprolene Floxin Kenalog Temovate Nizoral H. Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal agents are used to treat disorders of the stomach and intestines. Generic Names Loperamide Diphenoxylate/Atropine Trimethobenzamide Prochlorperazine Cimetidine Famotidine Lansoprazole Ranitidine Cisapride Omeprazole Esomeprazole Promethazine Brand Name Imodium Lomotil Tigan Compazine Tagamet Pepcid Prevacid Zantac Propulsid Prilosec Nexium Phenergan (suppositories, refrigerate) 13

14 i. Sample Questions 1. Propulsid a. Ranitidine 2. Nizoral b. Clobetasol 3. Tagamet c. Betamethasone 4. Silver Sulfadiazine d. Cisapride 5. Kenalog e. Loperamide 6. Trimethobenzamide f. Famotidine 7. Temovate g. Silvadene 8. Diprolene h. Lansoprazole 9. Pepcid i. Omeprazole 10. Zantac j. Esomeprazole 11. Prevacid k. Cimetidine 12. Prilosec l. Ketoconazole 13. Imodium m. Ofloxacin 14. Floxin n. Diphenoxylate/Atropine 15. Lomotil o. Tigan 16. Nexium p. Triamcinolone 14

15 I. Hematological Hematological drugs are used to prevent or treat excessive bleeding. Generic Name Desmopressin Phytonadione Cyanocobalamin Thrombin Powder Brand Name DDAVP Mephyton Vitamin B 12, Nascobal n/a J. Hormones Hormone drugs are given to stimulate or inhibit hormone secretion. Generic Name Epinephrine Glyburide Glucagon Insulin Glipizide Metformin Methimazole Levothyroxine Norethindrone/Mestranol Sildenafil Citrate Clomiphene Citrate Etonogestrel + Ethinyl Estradiol Brand Name Adrenalin Micronase GlucaGen Humulin, Humalog, Novolin, Novolog (refrigerate) Glucotrol Glucophage Tapazole Levoxyl Ortho-Novum 1/50 (dispense a patient package insert with each prescription for hormones or birth control pills) Viagra Clomid Nuvaring (refrigerate) 15

16 K. Immunobiologic A vaccine containing infectious agents to boost the body s immune system response. These drugs need to be refrigerated or kept in the freezer according to the manufacturer s recommendation.) Vaccine Name Diphtheria Toxoid Rabies Immune Globulin Hepatitis A Immune Globulin Hepatitis B Immune Globulin Tetanus Immune Globulin i. Sample Questions 1. Cyanocobalamin a. Glucagon 2. Sildenafil Citrate b. Vitamin B Epinephrine c. Glucophage 4. Glyburide d. DDAVP 5. Glucagon e. Tapazole 6. Phytonadione f. Ortho-Novum 1/50 7. Glipizide g. Clomid 8. Levothyroxine h. Adrenalin 9. Norethindrone/Mestranol i. Glucotrol 10. Desmopressin j. Micronase 11. Clomiphene Citrate k. Levoxyl 12. Metformin l. Mephyton 13. Methimazole m. Viagra 14. Insulin n. Humulin 16

17 L. Musculoskeletal Musculoskeletal drugs are used for chronic and often progressive inflammatory conditions caused by the dysfunction of the immune system. Generic Name Colchicine Allopurinol Cyclobenzaprine Diazepam Carisoprodol Baclofen Chlorzoxazone Metaxalone Methocarbamol Orphenadrine citrate Brand Name n/a Zyloprim Flexeril Valium Soma Lioresal Parafon Forte Skelaxin Robaxin Norflex M. Neurological Neurological drugs are used when common neurological disorders are affected by abnormalities in neurotransmitter response or release. These kinds of disorders include: Alzheimer s disease, Parkinson s disease, and migraine headaches. Generic Name Benztropine Mesylate Gabapentin Phenytoin Phenobarbital Ergotamine Sumatriptan Carbidopa/Levodopa Brand Name Cogentin Neurontin Dilantin Donnatal Cafergot Imitrex Sinemet 17

18 N. Ophthalmic Ophthalmic drugs are used to treat diseases, disorders, and various conditions of the eye. Generic Name Betaxolol Timolol Dipivefrin Dexamethasone Prednisolone Ketorolac Dexamethasone/Tobramycin Brand Name Betopic Timoptic Propine Decadron Pred-Mild Acular Tobradex 18

19 i. Sample Questions 1. Dipivefrin a. Acular 2. Betaxolol b. Pred Forte 3. Colchicine c. Timoptic 4. Allopurinol d. Tobradex 5. Cyclobenzaprine e. Flexeril 6. Diazepam f. Propine 7. Carbidopa/Levodopa g. Valium 8. Benztropine h. Cogentin 9. Gabapentin i. Imitrex 10. Phenytoin j. Dilantin 11. Dexamethasone k. Soma 12. Sumatriptan l. Sinemet 13. Timolol m. Neurontin 14. Gentamicin n. Decadron 15. Dexamethasone/Tobramycin o. Garamycin 16. Prednisolone Acetate p. Zyloprim 17. Ketorolac q. Betoptic 18. Carisoprodol r. Colchicine 19. Metaxalone s. Norflex 20. Orphenadrine citrate t. Skelaxin 19

20 O. Psychotropic Psychotropic drugs are behavior-modifying drugs used to treat psychiatric conditions such as bipolar disorder, anxiety, schizophrenia, depression, drug addiction, and sleep disorders. Generic Name Carbamazepine Divalproex Sodium Diazepam Lorazepam Alprazolam Paroxetine Fluoxetine Amitriptyline Trazodone Bupropion Olanzapine Haloperidol Risperidone Buspirone Sertraline Disulfiram Brand Name Tegretol Depakote Valium Ativan Xanax Paxil Prozac Elavil Desyrel Wellbutrin Zyprexa Haldol Risperdal Buspar Zoloft Antabuse 20

21 i. Sample Questions 1. Carbamazepine a. Prozac 2. Lorazepam b. Elavil 3. Alprazolam c. Wellbutrin 4. Buspirone d. Desyrel 5. Paroxetine e. Zyprexa 6. Sertraline f. Tegretol 7. Fluoxetine g. Depakote 8. Amitriptyline h. Haldol 9. Trazodone i. Risperdal 10. Bupropion j. Ativan 11. Olanzapine k. Xanax 12. Haloperidol l. Antabuse 13. Risperidone m. Buspar 14. Disulfiram n. Paxil 15. Divalproex Sodium o. Zoloft 21

22 P. Respiratory Respiratory drugs are used in the treatment of respiratory diseases and disorders.! Examples: Antihistamines, Antitussives (reduce the viscosity of secretion), Bronchodilators, and Decongestants.! A patient s package insert about the drug is mandatory when dispensing inhalants. Generic Names Diphenhydramine Fexofenadine Loratadine Pseudoephedrine Benzonatate Dextromethorphan Guaifenesin Metaproterenol Ipratropium Bromide Albuterol Sulfate Salmeterol Beclomethasone Fluticasone Cetirizine Phenylephrine Codeine/Guaifenesin Brand Names Benadryl Allegra Claritin Sudafed Tessalon Benylin Robitussin Alupent (inhalant) Atrovent (inhalant) Proventil (inhalant) Serevent (inhalant) Beconase (inhalant) Flonase (inhalant) Zyrtec Neo-Synephrine (inhalant) Robitussin A-C 22

23 i. Sample Questions 1. Loratadine a. Alupent 2. Cetirizine b. Proventil 3. Phenylephrine c. Flonase 4. Codeine/Guafenesin d. Robitussin 5. Benzonatate e. Serevent 6. Dextromethorphan g. Beconase 7. Guafenesin h. Allegra 8. Metaproterenol i. Benylin 9. Ipratropium Bromide j. Atrovent 10. Albuterol Sulfate k. Claritin 11. Salmeterol l. Zyrtec 12. Fexofenadine m. Neo-Synephrine 13. Beclomethasone n. Robitussin A-C 14. Fluticasone o. Tessalon Perles 23

24 3. Nutritional Supplements A. Vitamins Vitamins are necessary for normal growth or functioning of the body. They are organic substances occurring in small amounts in fresh foods (meats, vegetables, fruits, etc). Vitamin supplements can be taken when the body does not get enough from food intake. Vitamins are either fat or water-soluble. Fat-Soluble Vitamins are absorbed with other lipids and the absorption requires the presence of bile and pancreatic juices. Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K (increases blood clotting) Water-Soluble Vitamins can dissolve in water. Vitamin B Complex Vitamin B 1 (Thiamin) Vitamin B 2 (Riboflavin) Vitamin B 3 (Niacin) Vitamin B 6 (Pyridoxine) Vitamin B 7 (Biotin) Vitamin B 9 (Folic Acid) Vitamin B 12 (Cyanocobalamin) Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) 24

25 B. Electrolytes and Minerals Electrolytes are a balance of body fluids essential to health and body function. Minerals help keep the body s fluids and electrolytes in balance. Mineral Supplements Potassium Sodium Chloride Calcium Magnesium Phosphorus Iron Iodine Zinc Fluoride Copper Abbreviations (K) (Na) (Cl) (Ca) (Mg) (P) (Fe) (I) (Zn) (F) (Cu) 25

26 i. Sample Questions 1. What Vitamins are fat soluble? a. B 1 and B 2 b. A and D c. C d. B complex 2. What Vitamins are water soluble? a. E and B b. K and B c. B and C d. A and C 3. What is K? a. Potassium b. Sodium c. Zinc d. Copper 4. What is Fe? a. Calcium b. Fluoride c. Iron d. Sodium 26

27 4. Drugs that Look and Sound Alike Because it is important to never dispense the wrong drug to a patient, it is important to know how to distinguish the following sound-alike drugs from each other. Bupropion Captopril Cefotaxime Clomiphene Dapsone Digoxin Dopamine Dyclonine Glyburide Hydralazine Lisinopril Metoprolol Prednisone Reserpine Sulfamethizole Thyrolar Timolol Vincristine Zofran Buspirone Capitrol Ceftizoxime Clomipramine Daypro Digitoxin Dobutamine Dicyclomine Glipizide Hydroxyzine Fosinopril Metaproterenol Prednisolone Risperidone Sulfamethoxazole Theolair Atenolol Vinblastine Zoloft 27

28 5. Answer Key for Sample Questions 2. B. (p 7) 2. E. (p 10) 2. F. (p 12) 2. H. (p 14) 1. j 2. o 3. p 4. e 5. g 6. d 7. b 8. i 9. a 10. n 11. q 12. l 13. k 14. m 15. h 16. c 17. u 18. f 19. v 1. e 2. a 3. f 4. g 5. l 6. c 7. d 8. h 9. o 10. n 11. i 12. j 13. t 14. k 15. m 16. r 17. p 18. s 19. q 20. b 1. j 2. n 3. m 4. l 5. h 6. d 7. g 8. f 9. c 10. k 11. i 12. a 13. b 14. e 1. d 2. l 3. k 4. g 5. f 6. o 7. b 8. c 9. f 10. a 11. h 12. i 13. e 14. m 15. n 16. j 28

29 2. K. (p 16) 2. N. (p 19) 2. O. (p 21) 2. P. (p 23) 1. b 2. m 3. h 4. j 5. a 6. l 7. i 8. k 9. f 10. d 11. g 12. c 13. e 14.n 1. f 2. q 3. r 4. p 5. e 6. g 7. l 8. h 9. m 10. j 11. n 12. i 13. c 14. o 15. d 16. b 17. a 18. k 19. t 20. s 1. g 2. j 3. k 4. m 5. n 6. o 7. a 8. b 9. d 10. c 11. e 12. h 13. i 14. l 15. g 1. k 2. l 3. m 4. n 5. o 6. i 7. d 8. a 9. j 10. b 11. e 12. h 13. g 14. c 3. B (p 26) 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. c 29