Enhancement of C2C12 myoblast proliferation and differentiation by diarylheptanoid form Curcuma comosa Roxb.

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1 Enhancement of C2C12 myoblast proliferation and differentiation by diarylheptanoid form Curcuma comosa Roxb. Curcuma comosa Roxb. Mr. Chittipong Tipbunjong Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand

2 Muscle regeneration Skeletal muscle plays an important role in normal daily activities. Loss of function of skeletal muscle would, therefore, affect quality of life. --- self-repair after injury--- Muscle regeneration --- role of satellite cells--- Pavlath et al, 1999 Tiidus PM et al, 2003 Enns DL et al, 2008 Systemic administration of curcumin stimulates muscle regeneration after injury Estrogen can protect muscle damage and inflammation after strenuous exercise Estrogen activates satellite cells via estrogen receptors to proliferate in rat skeletal muscle following downhill running The interest of using phytoestrogens as alternatives to the steroid hormone is dramatically increased. ----less adverse effects----

3 Diarylheptanoid () Suksamran et al. (2008): exhibited estrogenic activity comparable to phytoestrogen genistein exhibit numerous biological activities and have been used as traditional medicine in Asian countries. Anti-apoptosis Zhi et al Hepatoprotection Kim et al Curcuma comosa Roxb &group=16&gblog=50 Anti-bacteria Ding et al Anti-osteoporosis Arthit et al Melanogenesis inh. Watana et al Anti-cancer Pawinee et al Anti-inflammation Mayer et al aromatic rings tethered by 7 carbon chain and having various substituents. we hypothesize that diarylheptanoids enhance myoblast proliferation and/or differentiation.

4 Objective To test the effects of diarylheptanoid on myoblast proliferation and differentiation, and investigate its mechanism. OH 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-phenyl-(6E)-6-hepten-3-one Natural and pure compounds

5 Proliferation MTT assay : enhances myoblast proliferation Cell counting [nm] BrdU incorporation assay control BrdU + nucleus BrdU - nucleus DHT Protein expression con. DHT [ M] con. DHT con. DHT (cyclin D1 and c-myc; markers for cell division)

6 Differentiation : Progression of myoblast differentiation (MHC (myosin heavy chain) and myogenin; muscle differentiation markers)

7 Differentiation : enhances C2C12 myoblast differentiation control Myotube (MHC+) nucleus myogenin tubulin DHT con. DHT con. DHT

8 Proliferation : enhances myoblast proliferation occurred - --in ER-independent manner BrdU incorporation assay Con. DHT + ICI Con. DHT (ER; Estrogen Receptor)

9 Differentiation : enhances myoblast differentiation in ER-dependent manner + ICI (ICI 182,780; ER inhibitor)

10 enhances myoblast differentiation through ERα, but not ERβ ERα sirna ERβ sirna

11 Differentiation Time (min) h High expression pakt perk p-p70s6k p-gsk-3β p-p38 NF-ĸB - ICI 182,780 : ER inhibitor - 2-Br : membrane ER inhibitor enhances myoblast differentiation via pakt, p-p38, and NF-kB, but not perk, through membrane ER.

12 Differentiation Time (min) h High expression pakt perk p-p70s6k p-gsk-3β p-p38 NF-ĸB + Akt inhibitor + Rapamycin + SB Akt inhibitor + Rapamycin + SB Akt inhibitor + SB p-p70s6k is a downstream of pakt/mtor p-gsk-3β is a downstream of pakt NF-ĸB is a downstream of p38

13 Summary cell membrane diarylheptanoid Cav-1 2-BR ICI 182,780 ERα PAT PA ERα Protein pakt perk p38 Neosynthesized - myogenin - MHC mtor p-gsk-3β NF-ĸB p-p70s6k - myogenin - MHC mrna ERα-siRNA [Cav-1, Caveolin-1; PA, palmitic acid; PAT, palmitoyl-acyl-transferase]

14 Applications This compound may has potential for further development as therapeutic agents for treatment of muscle injury. Curcuma comosa Roxb &group=16&gblog=50 The basic knowledge of action between diarylheptanoid and ER, and its downstream signaling pathways in myoblasts may provide a background to develop, modify, and synthesize a better new natural product in the future.

15 Thank you for your attention

16 Acknowledgement Prof. Yindee Kitiyanant Prof. Chumpol Pholpramool Prof. Karyn A. Esser This work was supported by the Office of the Higher Education Commission and Mahidol university

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18 enhance proliferation ER independent manner cyclin D1 c-myc My works anti-oxidant/ anti-apoptosis enhance differentiation ER dependent manner specific to ERα subtype membrane ER IC ± 0.19 mitigated cell death induced by H 2 O 2