Response of Alexandria Cockerels Reproductive Status to GnRH (Receptal) Injection

Transcription

1 Internatinal Jurnal f Pultry Science 8 (3): , 2009 ISSN Asian Netwrk fr Scientific Infrmatin, 2009 Respnse f Alexandria Cckerels Reprductive Status t GnRH (Receptal) Injectin Samar A. Elnagar Department f Pultry Prductin, Faculty f Agriculture, Alexandria University (21545), Alexandria, Egypt Abstract: Furty, 40 weeks ld Alexandrian cckerels were distributed amng 4 treatments t study the effect f GnRH analgue (Receptal) administratin, n their reprductive perfrmance. Birds f the secnd, third and furth grup were individually intramuscularly injected weekly with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 ml f Receptal, respectively fr 2 mnths. Birds f the first grup served as cntrl. Receptal had significantly increased teststerne. Birds injected with the 0.1 and 0.2 ml f Receptal had significantly higher ejaculated vlume as it increased by 49 and 38% respectively. On the ther hand, the highest dse f Receptal decreased the ejaculate vlume t 52 and 56% f the untreated males vlume n the first and secnd mnth, respectively. Birds injected with the 0.1 and 0.2 ml f Receptal had significantly higher sperm cncentratin as it increased by 28 and 18% respectively, meanwhile, raising the Receptal dse t 0.4 ml did nt shw any significant difference. The 0.1 and 0.2 ml dses f Receptal had significantly higher mtility as it increased t reach 133 and 129% f cntrl respectively, meanwhile, birds treated with 0.4 ml f Receptal had similar sperm mtility as the cntrls. Chlesterl has increased significantly in a dse dependent manner. Ttal prtein did nt shw significant differences except with the medium dse f Receptal as it increased t reach 112% f cntrls level. Seminal plasma cnstitutes shwed a reflectin f the bld status. It was cncluded that the synthetic GnRH was capable f imprving 40 week ld cckerels reprductive status. Key wrds: Cckerels, GnRH, teststerne, ejaculated vlume, sperm mtility and seminal plasma INTRODUCTION Testicular functin bth in birds and mammals is cntrlled by infrmatin frm the uter and inner envirnments, which are integrated in the brain t mdulate Gnadtrphin Releasing Hrmnes (GnRH) secretin which is respnsible f stimulating the gnadtrpes f the pituitary t secrete Luteinizing Hrmne (LH) and Fllicle Stimulating Hrmne (FSH) (Sharp and Gw, 1983). Althugh little infrmatin available cncerning the effect f GnRH treatment n lcal chicken strains, it was well investigated in different mammalian species. Marai et al. (1998) reprted a significant imprvement in semen quality and reprductive perfrmance f male rabbits injected with GnRH and an increase in teststerne in bulls was reprted by (Kzdera et al., 1993). Little is knwn abut the effect f GnRH treatment n gallifrm species, as Muske et al. (1994) reprted that at least eight GnRH have been characterized amng vertebrates where dmestic chicken shwn t have tw distinct frms, hwever, the genetic imprvements f the mdern strains f chickens led t impaired fertility, late sexual maturity and sme reprductive prblems assciated with the related neurendcrine axis (Weil et al., 1999). Therefre, the present study was cnducted t investigate effects f different levels f GnRH analgue injectin n 40 week ld Alexandrian cckerels. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was carried ut at the pultry research center, Faculty f Agriculture, Alexandria University, using 40 weeks ld Alexandrian (native strain) cckerels. Receptal slutin: Receptal slutin used in this study is a veterinary therapeutic prduct as a ready-t-use injectin slutin f a synthetic releasing hrmne that releases Luteinizing Hrmne (LH) and Fllicle Stimulating Hrmne (FSH) frm the pituitary and was in the frm f 10 ml liquid injectable, with a chemical entity f Buserelin acetate ( mg/ml). Purchased frm Intervet Ltd. P.O. Bx 4079 Auckland, New Zealand. Experimental design: A ttal f frty, 40 weeks ld Alexandrian cckerels were randmly and equally distributed amng 4 treatment grups each f 2 sub grups (5 birds each). Birds f the secnd, third and furth grup were individually intramuscularly injected weekly with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 ml f Receptal under the neck, respectively fr 2 mnths. Birds f the first grup served as untreated cntrl. Feed and water were prvided ad libitum thrughut the 2 mnths experimental perid. Data cllected: Semen specimens were artificially cllected biweekly free f transparent fluid by abdminal massage technique. Ejaculated vlume was measured t the nearest 0.01 ml. A weak esin-frmalin (10% 242

2 frmalin) slutin was used fr evaluatin f sperm cncentratin by the imprved Newbuer hemcytmeter slide as described by Smith and Mayer (1955). Sperm mtility was estimated at 400 X magnificatin n stage warmer adjusted at 38 C (Kamar, 1960). Seminal plasma was btained by centrifugatin f semen samples at 3500 rpm fr 20 min at 4 C and was stred at -20 C until later analysis. Seminal plasma samples were analyzed fr ttal prtein, albumin, ttal lipids and chlesterl, levels, clrimetrcally using available cmmercial kits. Bld samples were cllected biweekly frm the wing vain fr bichemical analysis. Serum ttal prtein, albumin, ttal lipids and chlesterl, levels were determined clrimetrcally using available cmmercial kits. Serum teststerne (ng/ml) was determined by enzyme immunassay using cmmercial kits purchased frm Bisurce. Int. J. Pult. Sci., 8 (3): , 2009 Statistical analysis: Means and standard errrs were estimated fr each studied trait. Data were analyzed using SAS (1996) prgram, using general linear mdel. Significant differences amng treatments means were separated using Duncan's multiple range prcedure (Duncan, 1955). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Teststerne: Data cncerning teststerne cncentratin as influenced by Receptal administratin are presented in (Fig. 1 and 2). Overall, birds injected with different dses f Receptal frm weeks f age had significantly higher teststerne cmpared t the untreated males (p<0.0001). Teststerne increase was in a dse dependent manner, as it increased by 104, 163 and 218% cmpared t cntrl with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 dses f Receptal, respectively (Fig. 1). Regarding interactin f treatments with mnths (p<0.0001), the increase in teststerne cncentratins reached 145, 213 and 226% by the end f the first mnth and 303, 349 and 474% by the end f the secnd mnth cmpared t cntrl with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 dses f Receptal, respectively (Fig. 2). The increase in teststerne cncentratin as a result f GnRH analgue treatments cmes in gd agreement with the finding f Hirschenhauser et al. (2000) wh reprted that injectin f White geese with GnRH analgue (Ovurelin) resulted in an increased plasma teststerne cncentratin cmpared t the untreated birds. Als, Bllwein et al. (2008) reprted elevatin in teststerne f stallin after administratin f human chrinic gnadtrpin. Ejaculated vlume: Effect f GnRH analgue treatments n semen ejaculated vlume is illustrated n (Fig. 1 and 3). Overall, birds injected with the 0.1 and 0.2 ml f Receptal frm weeks f age had significantly Fig. 1: Teststerne cncentratin (ng/ml) and Ejaculated vlume (ml) f Alexandria cckerels injected weekly fr 2 mnths with 3 dses f GnRH analgue (Receptal). A,B,C dente significant differences in teststerne cncentratins between treatments. a,b,c dente significant differences in ejaculated vlume between treatments Fig. 2: cckerels Teststerne cncentratin, relative t cntrl (where cntrl cncentratins represent 100%) higher ejaculated vlume as it increased by 49 and 38% respectively, cmpared t the untreated males (p<0.0001) meanwhile, birds treated with 0.4 ml f Receptal had significantly lwer ejaculated vlume as it reached 47% f the untreated birds vlume (Fig. 1). Regarding interactin f treatments with mnths (p<0.0006), it can be nted that the lwest dse f 243

3 Fig. 3: cckerels semen ejaculated vlume, relative t cntrl (where cntrl cncentratins represent 100%) Fig. 5: cckerels sperm cncentratin, relative t cntrl (where cntrl cncentratins represent 100%). Fig. 6: cckerels sperm mtility, relative t cntrl (where cntrl cncentratins represent 100%) Fig. 4: 7 Sperm cncentratin (n*10 /ml semen) and mtility (%) f Alexandria cckerels injected weekly fr 2 mnths with 3 dses f GnRH analgue (Receptal). A,B,C dente significant differences in sperm cncentratins between treatments. a,b,c dente significant differences in mtility between treatments Receptal resulted in a significant increase in the ejaculated vlume in the first mnth which was lst by the secnd mnth, whereas the 0.2 ml dse f Receptal did nt have a significant effect n the semen ejaculated vlume till the secnd mnth as it increased dramatically t reach 211% f the untreated males vlume. On the ther hand, the highest dse f Receptal had an adverse effect, as it decreased the ejaculate vlume t 52 and 56% f the untreated males vlume n the first and secnd mnth, respectively (Fig. 3). The increase in semen vlume has been als shwn in Hlestein Friesian and Jersey bulls treated with GnRH (Bhaskaran and Dubey, 2004 and 2005). Sperm cncentratin: Data cncerning sperm cncentratin as influenced by Receptal administratin are presented in (Fig. 4 and 5). Overall, birds injected with the 0.1 and 0.2 ml f Receptal frm weeks f age had significantly higher sperm cncentratin as it increased by 28 and 18% respectively, cmpared t the untreated males (p<0.0001) meanwhile, raising the Receptal dse t 0.4 ml did nt shw any significant 244

4 Table 1: cckerels bld and seminal plasma analysis (Mean±SE) Bld Analysis Items Ttal lipids (mg/dl) Chlesterl (mg/dl) Ttal Prtein (g/dl) Albumin (g/dl) Cntrl ± ±3.07 B 3.90±0.09 B 1.36±0.03 C 0.1 ml Receptal ± ± 5.23 A 4.05±0.12 B 1.52± 0.04 B 0.2 ml Receptal ± ±2.86 A 4.37±0.10 A 1.50± 0.04 B 0.4 ml Receptal ± ± 2.41 A 4.11± 0.15 B 1.67± 0.06 A P value NS *** ** *** Seminal Plasma Items Ttal lipids (mg/dl) Chlesterl (mg/dl) Ttal Prtein (g/dl) Albumin (g/dl) Cntrl ±8.30 D 25.18±2.68 C 0.838±0.06 B 0.459±0.03 D 0.1 ml Receptal ±10.4 C 30.35±1.37 B 0.740±0.01 C 0.647±0.01 A 0.2 ml Receptal ±3.83 B 33.08±1.96 A 1.014±0.03 A 0.605±0.02 B 0.4 ml Receptal ±6.93 A 28.28±0.26 B 0.762±0.01 C 0.528±0.02 C P value *** *** *** *** A, B, C Different letters within a clumn dente significant differences between treatments. *, **, *** Prbability levels p<0.05, and , respectively. difference cmpared t the untreated males (Fig. 4). significantly in a dse dependent manner t reach 115, Regarding interactin f treatments with mnths (p<0.0423), the increase in sperm cncentratins reached 113, 101 and 89% by the end f the first mnth and 145, 136 and 113% by the end f the secnd mnth cmpared t cntrl with 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 dses f Receptal, respectively (Fig. 5). The increase in sperm cncentratin was als shwn in Hlestein Friesian and Jersey bulls treated with GnRH (Bhaskaran and Dubey, 2004). Als, Fathi et al. (2000) reprted that GnRH injectin imprved sperm cell cncentratin f the naked neck cckerels especially after lng-term treatment. Sperm mtility: Effect f GnRH analgue treatments n sperm mtility is illustrated n Fig. 4 and 6. Overall, birds injected with the 0.1 and 0.2 ml f Receptal frm weeks f age had significantly higher mtility as it increased t reach 133 and 129% f cntrl respectively (p<0.0001), meanwhile, birds treated with 0.4 ml f Receptal had similar sperm mtility as the cntrls (Fig. 4). Interactin f treatments with mnths shwed significant effect (p<0.0009), where the highest mtility 133% f cntrl was bserved with the lwest Receptal level by the secnd mnth and the lwest mtility 85% f cntrl was bserved with the highest Receptal level by the secnd mnth (Fig. 6). This effect was als reprted by Bhaskaran and Dubey (2004 and 2005) when Hlstein Friesian and Jersey bulls were treated with GnRH. Als Fathi et al. (2000) bserved increase in mtility f naked neck ccks sperms when they were treated with GnRH. Bld Analysis: Table 1 elucidates effects f GnRH analgue injectin n sme bld bichemical cnstitutes. Overall, bld ttal lipids was nt affected by Receptal treatment whereas, chlesterl has increased 117 and 119% f cntrl with the three Receptal levels, respectively. Ttal prtein did nt shw significant differences except with the medium dse f Receptal as it increased t reach 112% f cntrls level, althugh it has increased numerically with the lw and high dses f Receptal. Albumin levels increased significantly with the treatments and reached it s highest values with the highest Receptal dse (123% f cntrl). Similar results were reprted by Singh et al. (2006) in buffales treated with Receptal as ttal serum prtein increased significantly. Als Khasatiya et al. (2005) reprted an increased ttal prtein in buffales injected with 5 ml Receptal. On the ther hand, Patel and Dhami (2005) reprted significant increases in bth chlesterl and triglycerides after Hlestein-Friesian cws were treated with Receptal. Seminal plasma: Seminal plasma cnstitutes shwed a reflectin f the bld status Table 1. Receptal treatment resulted in a dse dependent increase in seminal plasma ttal lipids as it increased by 23, 39 and 61% chlesterl als increased by 21, 31 and 12% with the lw, medium and high dse f Receptal, respectively. Seminal plasma ttal prtein decreased with the lw and high dses f Receptal and increased significantly with the medium dse t reach 121% where albumin increased by 41, 32 and 15% with the lw, medium and high dse f Receptal, respectively. It can be cncluded that althugh the natural gnadtrphin releasing hrmnes in chickens differ than mammals, the synthetic mammalian GnRH was capable f imprving 40 week ld cckerels reprductive status as it increased circulating teststerne, ejaculated vlume, sperm cncentratin and sperm mtility. 245

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