384 HAROLD KIRBY, JUN.

Transcription

1 384 HAROLD KIRBY, JUN. II Teil: Die Gattungen Devescovina, Parajoenia, Stephanonympha, Calonympha ", ' Zeit. wiss. Zool.', vol. 112, pp , pis Kirby, H. (1926). " The intestinal flagellates of the termite, Cryptotermes hermsi Kiiby ", ' Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool.', vol. 29, pp , pis. 8, 9. Kofoid, C. A., and Swezy, 0. (1926 a). " On Oxymonaa, a flagellate with an extensile and retractile proboscis from Kalotermes from British Guiana ", 'Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool.', pp , pi. 30. (1926 b). " On Proboscidiella multinucleata gen. nov., sp. nov., from Planocryptotermes nocens from the Philippine Islands, a multinucleate flagellate with a remarkable organ of attachment", ibid., vol. 28, pp , pis. 31, 32. Wenyon, C. M. (1920). ' Protozoology, a manual for medical men, veterinarians and zoologists.' New York : William Wood & Co. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES All figures were drawn with a camera lucida at magnifications of 1,440 and 2,740, excepting figs. 10, 16 a, 18, and 25. The methods of fixation and staining used for each specimen are indicated in the description of the figure as follows : S., Schaudinn's fluid ; F., Flemrning's fluid without acetic acid ; D., Delafield's haematoxylin; H., Heidenhain's iron haematoxylin. PLATE 21. Figs Uninucleate oxymonad flagellates with four flagella. Drawings were made with the camera lucida from dark-field preparations of living material. All figures, except fig. 7, were drawn to the scale of microns, x 900. Figs From K. hubbardi. Oxymonads lacking rostella, with four flagella and attached spirochaetes. Fig. 3. From K. hubbardi. Spirochaetes removed by feeding host with acid f uchsin ; some rod-shaped bacteria adherent to body. Fig. 4. From K. hubbardi. A small rostellate individual, with four flagella and adherent spirochaetes. Fig. 5. From K. minor. Large number of attached spirochaetes. Flagella not shown. Fig. 6. From K. minor. Outline drawing showing flagella. Fig. 7. From K. minor. Anterior end of a crushed but still living individual, showing two flagella from each blepharoplast, axostyle, and nucleus, x 1,712. Fig. 8. From K. marginipennis. Fig. 9. From K. tabogae.

2 PROBOSCIDIELLA FROM KALOTERMBS 885 PLATE 22. Figs Proboscidiella kofoidi sp. nov. Magnification as stated. Figs. 10 and 19 drawn to adjacent scales ; fig. 16 a to scale of fig. 19 ; figs. 11, 12, and 17 to scale at top ; others to scale at lower left. Fig. 10. Section of intestine of Cryptotermes dudleyi. Flagellates attached by rostella to wall, x 490. S.D. Fig. 11. Full length of flagella ; body filaments ; granules in position of parabasal body and at base of rostellum. x 900. S.H. Fig. 12. Resting nucleus a is a median optical section; 6 a surface view, x 1,712. S.H. Fig. 13. Besting nucleus, x 1,712. S.H. Fig. 14. Individual without rostellum. Arrow-shaped enlargements at ends of axostyles, before which the axostyles are split into fibres. Several possibly degenerating nuclei in cytoplasm, x 900. F.H. Fig. 15. Rostellum absent, axostyles and filaments gathered into bundle. Tubular structure at end of bundle not connected to axostyles. X900. S.H. Fig. 16. Variety from colony T-234. a, Very long rostellum, expanded at tip. x 375. S.D. 6, Same organism, showing large spherical corpuscles crowding cytoplasm. x900. S.D. Fig. 17. Spherical corpuscles similar to those of fig. 16 b. Note clear areas within and depressions on one side of some, x 1,712. S.D. Fig. 18. Large individual, long rostellum expanded at tip, only basal portion of flagella shown. Spherical corpuscles, fibrillar system, and filterpaper fibres in body, x 375. S.H. Fig. 19. Micro-organisms adherent to surface of body. These are present generally, but have been omitted from most figures, x 900. S.H. PLATE 23. Figs Proboscidiella kofoidi sp. nov. Figs and 25 were drawn to scale on left, x 900. All others to scale of microns on right, x 1,712. Fig. 20. Full length of flagella ; characteristic corpuscles in cytoplasm, and some which stain deeply. S.H. Fig. 21. Three nuclei; characteristic form of rostellum. The flagella are omitted. S.H. Figs Splitting of the axostyles into fibres. Fig. 22 is focussed on the lower portion, fig. 23 on the upper of the same specimen. Blepharoplasts and rostellar filaments also shown. F.H. Fig. 24. End of a broad rostellum, showing rostellar filaments. S.H. Fig. 25. Diagrammatic typical figure, showing rostellum, flagella, axostyles, rostellar filaments, cytoplasmic filaments, corpuscles and in-

3 386 HAROLD KIRBY, JUN. gested particles in body, and deeply stained granules in position of parabasal body and elsewhere. Figs Detailed diagrams showing arrangement of nuclei, blepharoplasts and associated filaments, and origin- of flagella. Fig. 26. Rhizoplast, interblepharoplast filament, connexion between axostyle and blepharoplaat, and filament from secondary blepharoplast to nucleus. F.H. Fig. 27. Group of nuclei and blepharoplasts, showing flagella and filaments from blepharoplast to rostellum, one of which is stout at base. Axostyles omitted. S.D. Figs Origin of flagella, axostyles with anterior prolongations, filaments from blepharoplasts into rostellum. F.H. Fig. 30. Filament from secondary blepharoplasts to nuclei. F.H. Fig. 31. Same, and collection of granules in position of parabasal body. F.H. Fig. 32. Filament from secondary blepharoplast to adjacent nucleus. F.H. PLATE 24. Figs Proboscidiella kofoidi ap. nov. Fission and mitosis. The drawings of entire organisms (figs. 33, 34, 37) were drawn to scale near top. x 800. Those of individual nuclei by scale in lower left, x 1,522. Fig. 33. Fission. The nuclei have separated into two groups of 19 and 7, and the rostellum haa divided. S.H. Fig. 34. Nuclei in early prophase, migrating into posterior region of cytoplasm. S.H. Fig. 34 a. Nucleus from fig. 34. Fig. 35. Condensed chromatin mass. Probably earlier than fig. 34. Flagellates may be seen in which all the nuclei, in the usiial poaition near the blepharoplasts, are in this condition. S.H. Fig. 36. Later prophase nuclei in portion of ruptured body. Note indentations in membrane at ends of centrodesmose. S.H. Fig. 37. Later prophaae nuclei, migrated from anterior region. The blepharoplasts are in their usual position. S.H. Fig. 37 a. Single nucleus from fig. 37. Fig. 38. Hollow appearance of centrodesmose; spindle fibres and chromatin belt. S.H. Fig. 39. Increased curvature of centrodesmose. S.H. Fig. 40. Appearance of new axostyle (?) at one pole. S.H. Fig. 41. Chromatic mass on spindle. Aggregations of chromatin granules separating into two groups. S.H. Fig. 42. Similar. Hollow appearance of centrodesmose ; denser stain on convex aide ; chromatic mass on spindle ; groups of chromatin granules collecting toward poles. S.H. Fig. 43. Spindle-formed nuclei; development of new axostyles. S.H.

4 H. Kirtry, del. Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. Vol. 72, N. S., PL 21

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10 STRUCTURE OF THE CELL 401 LITERATURE. 1. Bowen, R. H. " Preliminary Report on the Structural Elements of the Cytoplasm in Plant Cells ",' Biol. Bull, of Marine Biol. Laborat.', vol. liii, no " Studies on the Structure of Plant Protoplasm ", ' Zeit. f. Zellf. u. mikr. Anat.', Bd. 6, Heft 5, Bensley, R. R. See ' General Cytology ' (E. V. Cowdry), p Cowdry, E. V. "Independence of Mitochondria and the Bacillus Radicicola in Root Nodules ", ' Amer. Journ. Anat.', vol Cowdry, N. H. " A Comparison of Mitochondria in Plant and Animal Cells ", ' Biol. Bull.', vol. 33, pp Gatenby, J. Bronte, and Bhattacharya, D. R. " Notes on the Cytoplasmic Inclusions in the Spermatogenesis of the Indian Scorpion ", 1 La Cellule ", vol. xxxv, Guilliermond, A. " Nouvelles recherches sur les constituants morphologiques du cytoplasme de la cellule vegetale ", ' Arch. d'anat. Microscop.', vol. 20 (1926). 7 a. "Sur l'action des methodes a impregnation osmique sur les cellules vegetales ", ' C. R. des Seances de la Soc. de Biol.', vol " Sur l'origine mitochondriale des plastides ", ' C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris ', 167 : (1918). 9. " Nouvelles recherches sur l'appareil vacuolaire dans les vegetaux ", ibid., 171 : 1071^t (1920). 10. Mottier, D. M. " Chondriosomes and the Primordia of Chloroplasts and Leucoplasts ", ' Ann. of Bot.', vol Parat, M., and Painleve, J. " Appareil retieulaire interne de Golgi, trophosponge de Holmgren et vacuome", ' C. R. Acad. Sci.', October DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 25. All Kolatchev technique. LETTEBDTG. M, mitochondria ; P, plastid ; OP, Golgi element (osmiophilic platelet). Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7, the bean (Vicia fab a); figs. 5 and 6, the hyacinth (Hyacinthus). Fig. 1. Root-tip cell, showing mitochondria. Fig. 2. Ditto, showing osmophilic platelets. Fig. 3. Ditto, showing plastids and platelets. Fig. 4. Ditto, showing plastids and mitochondria. Figs. 5 and 6. Ditto, showing platelets. Fig. 7. Root-cap cell, showing filaments supposed to be chondriomites (elongated or fused mitochondria).

11 .Scc Vat. IO(JL Patten, Scott, and Gttenby, del.

12 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE GRADIENT 445 Huxley, J. S. (1927). " The modification of development by means of temperature gradients ", ibid., 112. Hyman, L. H. (1927). " The metabolic gradients of vertebrate embryos. III. The chick ", ' Biol. Bull.', 52. Kopsch, Fr. (1927). " Primitivstreifen und organbildende Keimbezirke beim Huhnchen untersucht mittels elektrolytischer Marken am vital gefarbten Keim ", ' Zeit. Mikros. Anat. Forsch.', 8. Lehmann, Fritz E. " Further studies on the morphogenetic role of the somites in the development of the nervous system of Amphibians ", ' Journ. Exp. Zool.', 49. Shaw, Dean, and Tazelaar (1927). " The effect of a temperature gradient on the early development of the frog ",' Brit. Journ. Exp. Biol.' (in press). Stohr, P. (1925). " Experimentelle Studien an embryonalen Amphibienherzen ", ' Arch. Ent.-Mech.', 106. Vogt, Walther (1927). " Uber Hemmung der Formbildung an einer Halfte des Keimes ", ' Anat. Anzeiger ', 63. Warynski, St., et Fol, H. (1884). " Beeherches experimentales siir la cause de quelques monstruosites simples et de divers processus embryogeniques ", ' Recueil Zool. Suisse ', 1. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE 26. Fig. 1 (HT. 3). 74 hours' antagonistic temperature gradient. Temperatures of tubes 46 C. and 20 C. Note the enormous growth of the area vasculosa posteriorly and its sparseness anteriorly, also the abnormal length of the primitive streak. Fig. 2 (HT. 8). 74 hours' adjuvant temperature gradient. Temperatures of tubes 46 C. and 20 C. Note relatively large size of head, the abnormal trunk flexure and the posterior end which is somewhat retarded. Fig. 3 (HT. 18). 72 hours' adjuvant temperature gradient. Temperatures of tubes 47 C. and 22 C. Note size of head compared with that of the body. Fig. 4 (HT. 49). 72 hours' adjuvant gradient, tubes 46 C. and 28 C. Note width of marginal vein anteriorly and compare it with the posterior portion. Blood islands still plentiful posteriorly, somites not formed below the vitelline arteries. Fig. 5 (HT. 66). 68 hours' antagonistic gradient, tubes 47 C. and 25 C. Note somewhat premature development of the hind-limb buds. Fig. 6 (SS. 2). 69 hours' right to left temperature gradient, tubes 47 C. and 25 C. Note the area vasculosa is considerably enlarged on the right, the heated side, the optic vesicle is a little larger on the right, and the somites on the heated side appear to be ' stepped up' so that they almost alternate.

13 446 MARIA A. TAZELAAR Fig. 6 a. Portion of fig. 6 on a larger scale, showing the somites. Fig. 7 (SS. 1). 69 hours' left to right temperature gradient plus 24 hours' normal incubation, tubes 47 C. and 25 C. Note the left side of the area vasculosa is larger than the right side, this is not very apparent in the figure, the blastoderm having been damaged ; the left fore- and hind-limb buds are also slightly larger than those on the right. Fig. 7 a. This figure represents merely the embryo of the preceding figure enlarged to show that the somites are normal in position, not being ' stepped up '. Left fore-limb larger than right, left hind-limb tilted so as to appear smaller than right, but actually is slightly larger. Fig. 8 (SS. 5). 72 hours' left to right gradient, tubes 47 C. and 25 C. Note the much greater size of the area vasculosa on the left than on the right and the difference between the sizes of the blood-vessels supplying the respective sides of the area vasculosa. Here again the somites are ' stepped up ' on the heated side. Fig. 8 a. Portion of fig. 8 on a larger scale, showing the somites. Fig. 9 (62). 55 hours' right to left gradient, tubes 46 C. and 24 C, plus 18 hours' normal incubation. Area vasculosa on right markedly larger than on left. Note also the abnormal curvature of the embryo, the axis of the posterior part of the trunk passes to the right of the head where normally it passes through the head. Fig. 10 (3). 24 hours' normal incubation, then a lateral left to right temperature gradient for 24 hours ; tubes 44 C. and 32 C. Marked abnormal trunk flexure might possibly have been due to greater growth of that side caused by the heat.

14 FIG. 2 IIT. 8\ Fio. 1 (.IIT. 3). Fro. 8 (HT. 18). HO. & (JrlT. t5t>). FIG. 4 (IIT. 49).

15 Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci J. V Vol. 72, N. S., PI. Fin. C (SS.2). Fio. 7 (SS.1). Fio. 7iv (SSI). 31 FIG. S (SS.5). FIG. 9 (62). FIG. 10 (3).

16 GENITALIA OF HOMOPTERA AND ZYGOPTERA " Vergleichende Untersuchungen iiber die Abdominalsegmente und die Copulationsorgane der mannlichen Coleopteren ", ' Deutsch. Ent. Zeit.', 1893, pp Verson, E., and Bisson, E. " Die postembryonale Entwicklung der Ausfuhrungsgange und der Nebendrusen beim mannlichen u. weiblichen Geschlechtsapparat von Bombyx mori ", ' Zeit. f. wiss. Zool.', lxi, 1896, pp , and Walker, E. M. " The Terminal Abdominal Structures of the Orthopteroid Insects Female ", ' Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer.', " The Terminal Abdominal Structures of the Orthopteroid Insects Male ", ibid., Weele, H. W. van der. " Morphologie und Entwicklung der Gonapophysen der Odonaten ", ' Tijd. Ent.', xlix, 1906, pp Wheeler, W. M. " The Embryology of Blatta germanica, &c", ' Journ. Morph.', iii, " A contribution to Insect Embryology ", ibid., viii, Weismann, A. " Die nachembryonale Entwicklung der Musciden nach Beobachtungen an Musca vomitori a und Sarcophage carnaria '', ' Zeit. f. wiss. Zool.', xiv, "Die Metamorphose der Corethra plumicornis", ibid., xvi, Witlaczil, E. " Entwicklungsgeschichte der Aphiden ", ' Zeit. f. wiss. Zool.', xl, 1884, pp Zander, E. " Beitrage zur Morphologie der mannlichen Geschlechtsanhange der Hymenopteren ", ibid., lxvii, no. 3, " Beitrage zur Morphologie der mannlichen Geschlechtsanhange der Lepidopteren ", ibid., lxxiv, , pp EXPLANATION OF PLATES 27, 28, 29. LETTERING. aed., aedeagus ; aed-h., aedeagus hook ; aed-r., aedeagus ridge ; am.o.d., ampulla of the oviduct; am.v.d., ampulla of the vas deferens ; a.o.l., anterior ovipositor lobe ; a.s., anal style ; b.v., basi valvula ; c, coxite ; cl., cleft; c.o.d., common oviduct; ct., chitin ; ejd., ejaculatory duct; f.a.o.l., fold of the anterior ovipositor lobe ; f.o., female opening ; gr., groove between the processes of the anterior ovipositor lobe; h., ectodermis ; h.g., ectodermal groove ; h.gr.c.o.d., ectodermal groove forming the common oviduct; h. in 7, eetodermal invagination from the seventh segment; i.o.l., inner ovipositor lobe; int., intestine ; l.o.l., lateral ovipositor lobe ; m., nrnscle ; m.ac.g., median accessory gland of the female ; m.o., male opening ; o., ovary ; o.d., oviduct; o.m.ac.g., opening of the median accessory gland of the female ; o. in 7, opening of the invagination from the seventh; p.ac.g., paired accessory gland ; p.a.o.l., processes of the anterior ovipositor lobe ; ph.ac.g., pouch of the accessory gland ; p.l., penis lobe ; pr., paramere ; pr.b., primitive bud ; r.aed., rudiment of the aedeagus ; r.a.g., rudiment of the accessory gland of the male ; r.a.ol., rudiment of the anterior ovipositor lobe ; rd.o.l., ridge of the anterior NO. 287 I i

17 484 C. J. GEOBGE ovipositor lobe ; r.i.o.l, rudiment of the inner ovipositor lobe ; rd.i.o.l., ridge of the inner ovipositor lobe ; r.i.o.l, rudiment of the lateral ovitergal process ; tr., trachea ; v., vagina ; v.d., vas deferens ; vl., vesicle; PLATE 27. Figa Philaenus. Fig. 1. Ventral view of the male genitalia. X40. Fig. 2. Ventral view of the female genitalia. X 40. Fig. 3. Transverse section through the posterior region of the body showing the attachment of the ovipositor lobes. X 90. Fig. 4. Transverse section of the early first instar male through the ninth segment showing the primitive pair of buds. X 300. Fig. 5. Transverse section through the late first instar male showing the rudiments of the sub-genital plates and the penis lobes Fig. 6. Transverse section through the second instar male showing the formation of the aedeagus and the parameres. X 150. Fig. 7. Transverse section through the male nymph showing the rudiments of the aedeagus and the parameres being united at their bases. The gonapophyses are enclosed as it were by the tergal processes, x 130. Fig. 8. Transverse section through male nymph showing a more advanced stage than is shown in fig. 7. X 90. Fig. 9. Transverse section through the ninth segment of the first instar female showing the genital groove and the rudiments of the appendages. X300. PLATE 28. Figs. 10, 11; Philaenus. Figs Agrion. Fig. 10. Transverse section of the female second instar showing the formation of the rudiments of the lateral and inner pair of ovipositor lobes from the original single pair of bends on the ninth segment, x 250. Fig. 11. Transverse section of the female nymph showing the formation of the rudiments of the basic valvulae and the anterior ovipositor lobes from the single pair of buds on the eighth, x 200. Fig. 12. Ventral view of the last three abdominal segments of the adult male. x25. Fig. 13. Lateral view of the last three segments of the adult female showing the genitalia. x 15. Fig. 14. Transverse section through the ovipositor showing the attachment of the lobes. X 250. Figs. 15, 16, 17. Three stages in the development of the processes of the anterior ovipositor lobes, x 100.

18 GENITALIA OF HOMOPTERA AND ZYGOPTERA 485 Fig. 18. A diagrammatic sketch of the male generative organs. Fig. 19. Transverse section through the male nymph showing the position in the body-cavity of the ejaculatory duct and the ampullae of the vasa deferentia. x 150. Fig. 20. A diagrammatic sketch of the vas deferens ending in the ampulla. Fig. 21. A diagrammatic sketch showing the development of the accessory gland from the anterior region of the ampulla of the vas deferens. PLATE 29. Figs. 22; 31, 32. Agrion. Figs Philaenus. Fig. 22. A diagrammatic figure to illustrate the male reproductive system for Agrion. Fig. 23. A diagrammatic sketch to illustrate the female reproductive system. Fig. 24. Transverse section through the posterior region of the seventh segment of the first instar female showing the ampullae of the oviducts. X200. Fig. 23. A sagittal section of the female nymph showing the development of the invagination from the seventh segment, x 70. Fig. 26. A transverse section through the seventh segment of the female third instar showing the position of the efferent ducts at that stage. X 70. Fig. 27. A transverse section through the eighth segment of the female nymph showing the groove which develops later on into the common oviduct, x 90. Fig. 28. A more posterior section to fig. 27 in which the groove has already been converted into a duct, x 90. Figs. 29 and 30. Diagrammatic illustrations to show the development of the common viaduct and the consequent shifting of the female opening from the seventh to the eighth. Fig. 31. A diagrammatic figure of the female reproductive organs of Agrion. Fig. 32. A transverse section through the eighth segment of female Agrion showing the vagina, spermatheca, and the spermathecal gland. x80. I 1 2

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20 Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci. Vol. 72, N. 8., PI. 28 2O it C. J. George, del.

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