Development of Spinal Cord & Vertebral Column. Dr. Sanaa Alshaarawi & Prof. Ahmed Fathalla
|
|
|
- Silas Morris
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Development of Spinal Cord & Vertebral Column Dr. Sanaa Alshaarawi & Prof. Ahmed Fathalla
2 OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: q Describe the development of the spinal cord from the neural tube. q List the layers of the spinal cord and its contents. q List subdivisions of mantle & marginal zones. q List meningeal layers and describe positional changes of spinal cord. q Describe development of vertebral column from sclerotomic portion of paraxial mesoderm. q Describe chondrification & ossification stages in vertebral development. q Describe spina bifida and its types.
3 The Three Germ Layers Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm The Neural Tube is a derivative of the ectoderm Amniotic cavity Yolk sac Notochord stimulates neural tube formation which in turn stimulates development of the vertebral column.
4 Development of Neural Tube Ectodermal cells dorsal to notochord thicken to form the neural plate. A longitudinal groove, neural groove, develops in the neural plate. The margins of the neural plate (neural folds) approach to each other and fuse to form the neural tube.
5 Development of the Spinal Cord The spinal cord develops from the caudal 2/3 of the neural tube
6 Layers of the spinal cord : The cells of the neural tube are arranged in three layers : q An inner ventricular zone of undifferentiated cells q A middle mantle zone of cell bodies of neurons (future grey matter) q An outer marginal zone of nerve fibers or axons of neurons (future white matter)
7 Mantle Layer of Spinal Cord q Neurons of mantle layer (future grey matter) differentiate into : 1. A dorsal alar plate (future dorsal horn): containing sensory neurons 2. A ventral basal plate (future ventral horn): containing motor neurons q The 2 areas are separated by a longitudinal groove (sulcus limitans).
8 Dorsal median septum Central canal Ventral median fissure Proliferation and bulging of both alar & basal plates result in: q Formation of dorsal median septum q Formation of ventral median fissure q Narrowing of the lumen of the neural tube to form a small central canal
9 Marginal Layer of Spinal cord Dorsal funiculus Lateral funiculus Ventral funiculus q The marginal layer (future white matter) increases in size due to addition of ascending, descending & intersegmental nerve fibers & is divided into : dorsal, lateral and ventral funiculi Myelination of nerve fibers starts at 4 th month & continues during the 1 st postnatal year. Motor fibers myelinate before sensory fibers. So, After a nerve injury, both motor and sensory axons have the ability to regenerate and, given a proper pathway.
10 Meninges These are 3 membranes covering the neural tube: Outer thick dura mater: MESODERMAL in origin Middle arachnoid mater & Inner thin pia mater are ECTODERMAL in origin A cavity appears between the arachnoid & the pia mater (subarachnoid space) & becomes filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
11 Positional Changes of Spinal Cord Ø Initially, the spinal cord occupies the whole length of the vertebral canal. Ø As a result a faster growth of vertebral column, the caudal end of spinal cord (conus medullaris) shifts gradually to a higher level. L3 L2
12 Development of the Vertebral Column The vertebral column develops from the ventromedial parts (sclerotomes) of the somites The somites develop from the para- axial mesoderm.
13 Intraembryonic Mesoderm q Located between Ectoderm & Endoderm EXCEPT in the central axis of embryo where NOTOCHORD is found. q Differentiates into 3 parts: 1. Paraxial mesoderm 2. Intermediate mesoderm 3. Lateral mesoderm q Paraxial mesoderm divides into segments called somites. q Each somite divides into 3 parts: 1. Dermatome 2. Myotome 3. Sclerotome NT N Gut somites
14 Formation of Body of Vertebra At 4 th week, each sclerotome becomes subvidided into two parts : ú an cranial part, consisting of loosely arranged cells ú a caudal part, of more condensed tissue.
15 Formation of Body of Vertebra The caudal part of each somite fuses with the cranial part of the consecutive somite, around the notochord to form the body of the vertebra, called the centrum. Thus each centrum develops from 2 adjacent sclerotomes
16 Fate of Notochord q In the region of the bodies of vertebrae: It degenerates q Between bodies of vertebrae: It forms the central part, nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral discs q Annulus fibrosus part of the intervertebral discs is formed by the mesoderm surrounding the notochord.
17 The fused sclerotomes grow dorsally around the neural tube and form the vertebral (neural) arch. Ventrolaterally, costal processes develop that give rise to ribs in thoracic region.
18 Vertebral Development Primary Ossification Stage Mesenchymal Stage Chondrification Stage Fusion of 2 V.arches Stage of Fusion Stage of Secondary Ossification All centers unite around 25 years
19 Curvatures of Vertebral Column q Primary curvatures (concave anterior) : develop prenatally 1. Thoracic 2. Pelvic or Sacral q Secondary curvatures (convex anterior) : develop postnatally 1. Cervical: as a result of lifting the head 2. Lumbar: as a result of walking
20 Spina Bifida q Cause: Failure of fusion of the halves of vertebral arches q Incidence: % q Sex: more frequent in females q Types: 1. Spina bifida occulta (20%) 2. Spin bifida cystica (80%)
21 Spina Bifida Occulta q The closed type q Only one vertebra is affected q No clinical symptoms q Skin overlying it is intact. q Sometimes covered by a tuft of hair. q Usually does not involve underlying neural tissue.
22 Spina Bifida Cystica q The open type q Cystica is the most severe and complex form of spina bifida. It usually involves serious or fatal neurological problems. A portion of the nerves and the spinal cord are exposed outside the body q Neurological symptoms are present q Subdivided into: 1. Spina bifida with meningocoele: protrusion of sac containing meninges & cerebrospinal fluid 2. Spina bifida with meningomyelocoele: protrusion of sac containing meninges with spinal cord and/or nerve roots 3. Spina bifida with myeloschisis : spinal cord is open due to failure of neural folds to develop. 1 with meningomyelocoele 2 with meningocoele with myeloschisis 3
23 Spina bifida occulta Spina bifida with meningocoele Spina bifida with meningomyelocoele Spina bifida with myeloschisis
24
Early Development of Neural Tube Development of Medulla Spinalis and Peripheral Nervous System. Assoc.Prof. E.Elif Güzel, M.D.
Early Development of Neural Tube Development of Medulla Spinalis and Peripheral Nervous System Assoc.Prof. E.Elif Güzel, M.D. Third week of Embryogenesis Primitive streak/pit appears on the epiblast (day
Neuroanatomy. Assistant Professor of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine The University of Jordan Dr Maha ELBeltagy
Neuroanatomy Dr. Maha ELBeltagy Assistant Professor of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine The University of Jordan 2018 Development of the Central Nervous System Development of the nervous system Development
Ligaments of the vertebral column:
In the last lecture we started talking about the joints in the vertebral column, and we said that there are two types of joints between adjacent vertebrae: 1. Between the bodies of the vertebrae; which
Anatomy of the Nervous System. Brain Components
Anatomy of the Nervous System Brain Components NERVOUS SYSTEM INTRODUCTION Is the master system of human body, controlling the functions of rest of the body systems Nervous System CLASSIFICATION A. Anatomical
Skeletal System. Prof. Dr. Malak A. Al-yawer Department of Anatomy/Embryology Section
Skeletal System Prof. Dr. Malak A. Al-yawer Department of Anatomy/Embryology Section Learning objectives At the end of this lecture, the medical student will be able to: State the embryonic origin of skeletal
Week 14. Development of the Musculoskeletal System
Week 14 Development of the Musculoskeletal System Skeletal System Derived from: paraxial mesoderm somites and somitomeres sclerotome sclerotome differentiation induced by SHH from notochord and floor plate
Human Anatomy. Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Human Anatomy Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves 1 The Spinal Cord Link between the brain and the body. Exhibits some functional independence from the brain. The spinal cord and spinal nerves serve two functions:
Human Anatomy - Problem Drill 11: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Human Anatomy - Problem Drill 11: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Question No. 1 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed,
BIOH111. o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Integumentary system o Skeletal system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system
BIOH111 o Cell Module o Tissue Module o Integumentary system o Skeletal system o Muscle system o Nervous system o Endocrine system Endeavour College of Natural Health endeavour.edu.au 1 Textbook and required/recommended
Chapter 12b. Overview
Chapter 12b Spinal Cord Overview Spinal cord gross anatomy Spinal meninges Sectional anatomy Sensory pathways Motor pathways Spinal cord pathologies 1 The Adult Spinal Cord About 18 inches (45 cm) long
Spinal Cord H. Ruth Clemo, Ph.D.
Spinal Cord H. Ruth Clemo, Ph.D. OBJECTIVES After studying the material of this lecture, the student should be familiar with: 1. Surface anatomy of the spinal cord. 2. Internal structure and organization
ANATOMY OF SPINAL CORD. Khaleel Alyahya, PhD, MEd King Saud University School of
ANATOMY OF SPINAL CORD Khaleel Alyahya, PhD, MEd King Saud University School of Medicine @khaleelya OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Describe the external anatomy of the
Review of Nervous System Anatomy
For the real amazement, if you wish to be amazed, is this process. You start out as a single cell derived from the coupling of a sperm and an egg; this divides in two, then four, then eight, and so on,
THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN. Average adult length: In male: about 70 cms. In female: about 65 cms.
THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN Average adult length: In male: about 70 cms. In female: about 65 cms. 1 Vertebral Column (Regions and Curvatures) Curvatures of the vertebral column: A. Primary curvature: C-shaped;
Skeletal Development Multiple Cellular Origins. Intramembranous Bone. Endochondrial Bone. Cartilage template of the limb in the Chick wing
Skeletal Development Multiple Cellular Origins 1 - Paraxial Mesoderm Somite, Sclerotome Axial Skeleton (e.g. vertebra) 2 - Lateral Plate Mesoderm Appendicular Skeleton (e.g. limb) 3 - Neural Crest Head
Organization of The Nervous System PROF. SAEED ABUEL MAKAREM
Organization of The Nervous System PROF. SAEED ABUEL MAKAREM Objectives By the end of the lecture, you should be able to: List the parts of the nervous system. List the function of the nervous system.
Spinal Cord and Properties of Cerebrospinal Fluid: Options for Drug Delivery. SMA Foundation New York
Spinal Cord and Properties of Cerebrospinal Fluid: Options for Drug Delivery New York Why Do We Need to Know about the Spinal Cord Anatomy and Properties of Cerebrospinal Fluid? SMA therapeutics need to
Development of the Axial Skeleton and Limbs. Professor Alfred Cuschieri Department of Anatomy University of Malta
Development of the Axial Skeleton and Limbs Professor Alfred Cuschieri Department of Anatomy University of Malta During the Fourth Week the Embryo Is Segmented. Each segment consists of: a segment of neural
Cerebral hemisphere. Parietal Frontal Occipital Temporal
Cerebral hemisphere Sulcus / Fissure Central Precental gyrus Postcentral gyrus Lateral (cerebral) Parieto-occipital Cerebral cortex Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Insula Amygdala Hippocampus
The Spinal Cord. The Nervous System. The Spinal Cord. The Spinal Cord 1/2/2016. Continuation of CNS inferior to foramen magnum.
The Nervous System Spinal Cord Continuation of CNS inferior to foramen magnum Simpler than the brain Conducts impulses to and from brain Two way conduction pathway Reflex actions Passes through vertebral
SPINAL CORD AND PROPERTIES OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID: OPTIONS FOR DRUG DELIVERY
SPINAL CORD AND PROPERTIES OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID: OPTIONS FOR DRUG DELIVERY WHY DO WE NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE SPINAL CORD ANATOMY AND PROPERTIES OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID? SMA therapeutics need to reach cells
Central Nervous System: Part 2
Central Nervous System: Part 2 1. Meninges 2. CSF 3. Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Explain spinal cord anatomy, including gray and white matter and meninges (give the general functions of this organ).
Lecture 1: Embryology of the Limbs (Development of Skeletal and Muscular Systems)
Lecture 1: Embryology of the Limbs (Development of Skeletal and Muscular Systems) Musculoskeletal Block Editing file Colour Index: Red: Important Gray: Notes Green: Dr. s notes After this lecture you should
Chapter 13. The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves. Spinal Cord. Spinal Cord Protection. Meninges. Together with brain forms the CNS Functions
Spinal Cord Chapter 13 The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves Together with brain forms the CNS Functions spinal cord reflexes integration (summation of inhibitory and excitatory) nerve impulses highway for upward
Note: Please refer to handout Spinal Plexuses and Representative Spinal Nerves for
Chapter 13 Outline Note: Please refer to handout Spinal Plexuses and Representative Spinal Nerves for what you need to know from Exhibits 13.1 13.4 I. INTRODUCTION A. The spinal cord and spinal nerves
Gross Morphology of Spinal Cord
Gross Morphology of Spinal Cord Lecture Objectives Describe the gross anatomical features of the spinal cord. Describe the level of the different spinal segments compared to the level of their respective
Biological Bases of Behavior. 3: Structure of the Nervous System
Biological Bases of Behavior 3: Structure of the Nervous System Neuroanatomy Terms The neuraxis is an imaginary line drawn through the spinal cord up to the front of the brain Anatomical directions are
Formation defects Scoliosis Deformities I 07 1
What is congenital scoliosis? Congenital scoliosis is a spinal deformity with lateral deviation and rotation of the spinal column, where congenital dysfunctions in embryonal vertebra development cause
ANATOMY OF THE SPINAL CORD. Structure of the spinal cord Tracts of the spinal cord Spinal cord syndromes
SPINAL CORD ANATOMY OF THE SPINAL CORD Structure of the spinal cord Tracts of the spinal cord Spinal cord syndromes The Nervous System Coordinates the activity of muscles, organs, senses, and actions Made
THE BACK THE SPINAL CORD
THE BACK THE SPINAL CORD The structures in the vertebral canal: the spinal cord spinal nerve roots spinal meninges the neurovascular structures THE SPINAL CORD The spinal cord occupies the superior 2/3
Meninges. Connective tissue membranes
Meninges Connective tissue membranes Dura mater: -outermost layer; continuous with epineuriumof the spinal nerves - dense irregular connective tissue - from the level of the foramen magnum to S2 Arachnoid
The Nervous System: The
C h a p t e r 14 The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Jason LaPres North Harris College Houston, Texas Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing
Spinal Cord Protection. Chapter 13 The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves. External Anatomy of Spinal Cord. Structures Covering the Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord Protection Chapter 13 The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves We are only going to cover Pages 420-434 and 447 Together with brain forms the CNS Functions spinal cord reflexes integration (summation
Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Sectioned spinous process. Interspinous.
PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Janice Meeking, Mount Royal College C H A P T E R 7 The Skeleton: Part B Vertebral Column Transmits weight of trunk to lower limbs Surrounds and protects spinal cord
Overview. Spinal Anatomy Spaces & Meninges Spinal Cord. Anatomy of the dura. Anatomy of the arachnoid. Anatomy of the spinal meninges
European Course in Neuroradiology Module 1 - Anatomy and Embryology Dubrovnik, October 2018 Spinal Anatomy Spaces & Meninges Spinal Cord Johan Van Goethem Overview spinal meninges & spaces spinal cord
Fig.9.2. Structure of embryonic brain
T Chapter 9 Development of Ectodermal Organs he ectoderm gives rise to 3 separate cell populations: neural(plate) ectoderm, neural crest cells, and epiderm (general body ectoderm). A primordium (anlage)
Lecture 14: The Spinal Cord
Lecture 14: The Spinal Cord M/O Chapters 16 69. Describe the relationship(s) between the following structures: root, nerve, ramus, plexus, tract, nucleus, and ganglion. 70. Trace the path of information
The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves
The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves Together with brain forms the CNS Functions spinal cord reflexes integration (summation of inhibitory and excitatory) nerve impulses highway for upward and downward travel
Gross Morphology of Spinal Cord
Gross Morphology of Spinal Cord Done By : Rahmeh Alsukkar ** I did my best and sorry for any mistake ** the sheet does not contain pictures, tables and some slides so please be careful and go back to slides
Development of the Nervous System 1 st month
Development of the Nervous System 1 st month day 1 - fertilization of egg day 6 - uterine implantation day 18 - trilaminar (3-layered) disc (blastoderm, embryo) ectoderm (dorsal) - nervous system and skin
Department of Cognitive Science UCSD
Department of Cognitive Science UCSD Verse 1: Neocortex, frontal lobe, Brain stem, brain stem, Hippocampus, neural node, Right hemisphere, Pons and cortex visual, Brain stem, brain stem, Sylvian fissure,
The neurvous system senses, interprets, and responds to changes in the environment. Two types of cells makes this possible:
NERVOUS SYSTEM The neurvous system senses, interprets, and responds to changes in the environment. Two types of cells makes this possible: the neuron and the supporting cells ("glial cells"). Neuron Neurons
River North Pain Management Consultants, S.C., Axel Vargas, M.D., Regional Anesthesiology and Interventional Pain Management.
River North Pain Management Consultants, S.C., Axel Vargas, M.D., Regional Anesthesiology and Interventional Pain Management. Chicago, Illinois, 60611 Phone: (888) 951-6471 Fax: (888) 961-6471 Clinical
Chapter 13! Chapter 13 Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves! The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves!
Chapter 13! The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves! SECTION 13-1! The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system, and the cranial nerves and spinal nerves constitute the peripheral nervous system!
MD Bones & Joints of the Back. A/Prof Chris Briggs Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience
MD 2017 Bones & Joints of the Back A/Prof Chris Briggs Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience WARNING This material has been provided to you pursuant to section 49 of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) for
Introduction and Basic structural organization of the nervous system
Introduction and Basic structural organization of the nervous system **the slides are in bold and the book is in red Done by : razan krishan & marah marahleh INTRODUCTION The nervous system, along with
Anatomy of the Spine. Figure 1. (left) The spine has three natural curves that form an S-shape; strong muscles keep our spine in alignment.
1 2 Anatomy of the Spine Overview The spine is made of 33 individual bony vertebrae stacked one on top of the other. This spinal column provides the main support for your body, allowing you to stand upright,
AXIAL SKELETON FORM THE VERTICAL AXIS OF THE BODY CONSISTS OF 80 BONES INCLUDES BONES OF HEAD, VERTEBRAL COLUMN, RIBS,STERNUM
AXIAL SKELETON FORM THE VERTICAL AXIS OF THE BODY CONSISTS OF 80 BONES INCLUDES BONES OF HEAD, VERTEBRAL COLUMN, RIBS,STERNUM APPENDICULAR SKELETON BONES OF THE FREE APPENDAGES & THEIR POINTS OF ATTACHMENTS
Organization of The Nervous System PROF. MOUSAED ALFAYEZ & DR. SANAA ALSHAARAWY
Organization of The Nervous System PROF. MOUSAED ALFAYEZ & DR. SANAA ALSHAARAWY Objectives At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to: List the parts of the nervous system. List the function
Introduction to the Peripheral Nervous System
Introduction to the Peripheral Nervous System 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SPINAL CORD (CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM) OVERVIEW OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Sympathetic Nervous System
Spinal Cord Workbook. Learning objec&ves
Spinal Cord Workbook Direc&ons. Watch the following video tutorials and complete this workbook: YouTubeèTheNotedAnatomistèPlaylistsèSpinal cord and nervesèwatch videos with the names of ObjecCves A-E.
Skeletal System. Axial Division
Skeletal System Axial Division The Axial Skeleton You will see that each bone has special features (overviewed in section I below) that provide Sites of Attachment (for muscles, ligaments, tendons, etc.)
Classification of the nervous system. Prof. Dr. Nikolai Lazarov 2
1 1. Formation and general organization 2. Spinal ganglia 3. Zonal and segmental innervation 4. Dorsal rami of the spinal nerves 5. Ventral rami of the spinal nerves 6. Cervical plexus Classification of
Vertebral Column. Backbone consists of 26 vertebrae. Five vertebral regions. Cervical
Vertebral Column Backbone consists of 26 vertebrae. Five vertebral regions Cervical vertebrae (7) in the neck. Thoracic vertebrae (12) in the thorax. Lumbar vertebrae (5) in the lower back. Sacrum (5,
P R E S E N T S Dr. Mufa T. Ghadiali is skilled in all aspects of General Surgery. His General Surgery Services include: General Surgery Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery Surgical Oncology Gastrointestinal
The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes
13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Jason LaPres Lone Star College North Harris An Introduction to the Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal
BRAIN DEVELOPMENT I: ESTABLISHMENT OF BASIC ARCHITECTURE. Thomas Marino, Ph.D.
BRAIN DEVELOPMENT I: ESTABLISHMENT OF BASIC ARCHITECTURE Thomas Marino, Ph.D. Development of the Brain I. Competencies: Upon completion of this section of the course, the student must be able to: 1. Understand
Table of Contents: Chapter 1 The organization of the spinal cord Charles Watson and Gulgun Kayalioglu
Table of Contents: Chapter 1 The organization of the spinal cord Charles Watson and Gulgun Kayalioglu The gross anatomy of the spinal cord Spinal cord segments Spinal nerves Spinal cord gray and white
Embryology of the Nervous System. Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota
Embryology of the Nervous System Steven McLoon Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota In the blastula stage embryo, the embryonic disk has two layers. During gastrulation, epiblast cells migrate
The subarachnoid space develops early in the human embryonic period
O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Folia Morphol. Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 212 216 Copyright 2005 Via Medica ISSN 0015 5659 www.fm.viamedica.pl The subarachnoid space develops early in the human embryonic period
Pediatric Spinal Anomalies
Department of Radiology University of California San Diego Pediatric Spinal Anomalies John R. Hesselink, M.D. Spine Embryogenesis 1. Primitive streak 2. Proliferation of cells at primitive pit (Hensen's
CHAPTER 13 LECTURE OUTLINE
CHAPTER 13 LECTURE OUTLINE I. INTRODUCTION A. The spinal cord and spinal nerves mediate reactions to environmental changes. B. The spinal cord has several functions. 1. It processes reflexes. 2. It is
THE BACK. Dr. Ali Mohsin. Spinal Cord
Spinal Cord THE BACK Dr. Ali Mohsin The spinal cord is the elongated caudal part of the CNS. It starts as the inferior continuation of the medulla oblongata at the level of foramen magnum, & ends as an
The Skeletal System. Parts of the skeletal system. Bones (Skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments
The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system Bones (Skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments Functions of the Bones Support Internal framework of the body Protection Skull and vertebrae protect brain
The Nervous System PART C. PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College
PowerPoint Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College The Nervous System 7 PART C Protection of the Central Nervous System Scalp and skin Skull and vertebral
When you see this diagram, remember that you are looking at the embryo from above, through the amniotic cavity, where the epiblast appears as an oval
When you see this diagram, remember that you are looking at the embryo from above, through the amniotic cavity, where the epiblast appears as an oval disc 2 Why the embryo needs the vascular system? When
Chapter 14. The Nervous System. The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves. Lecture Presentation by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College
Chapter 14 The Nervous System The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Lecture Presentation by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College Introduction The Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of: The spinal
_CH01redo.qxd 9/24/07 3:07 PM Page 1. [Half-Title to come]
![_CH01redo.qxd 9/24/07 3:07 PM Page 1. [Half-Title to come]](/thumbs/81/84146690.jpg "_CH01redo.qxd 9/24/07 3:07 PM Page 1. [Half-Title to come]")
10752-01_CH01redo.qxd 9/24/07 3:07 PM Page 1 [Half-Title to come] 10752-01_CH01redo.qxd 9/24/07 3:07 PM Page 2 THE BACK Lippincott Williams & Wilkins atlas of ANATOMY CHAPTER 1 Plate 1-01 Palpable Structures
2. The vertebral arch is composed of pedicles (projecting from the body) and laminae (uniting arch posteriorly).
VERTEBRAL COLUMN 2018zillmusom I. VERTEBRAL COLUMN - functions to support weight of body and protect spinal cord while permitting movements of trunk and providing for muscle attachments. A. Typical vertebra
Human Anatomy Biology 351
nnnnn 1 Human Anatomy Biology 351 Exam #2 Please place your name on the back of the last page of this exam. You must answer all questions on this exam. Because statistics demonstrate that, on average,
Bony framework of the vertebral column Structure of the vertebral column
5.1: Vertebral column & back. Overview. Bones o vertebral column. o typical vertebra. o vertebral canal. o spinal nerves. Joints o Intervertebral disc. o Zygapophyseal (facet) joint. Muscles o 2 compartments:
The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves!
Chapter 13! The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves! SECTION 13-1! The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system, and the cranial nerves and spinal nerves constitute the peripheral nervous system!
Development of Brain Stem, Cerebellum and Cerebrum
Development of Brain Stem, Cerebellum and Cerebrum The neural tube cranial to the 4th pair of somites develop into the brain. 3 dilatations and 2 flexures form at the cephalic end of the neural tube during
Unit Three. The brain includes: cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, & cerebellum. The brain lies within the cranial cavity of the skull.
Human Anatomy & Physiology 11 Divisions of the Nervous System Karen W. Smith, Instructor Unit Three BRAIN & SPINAL CORD Refer to the following URLs. Be sure to study these along with your book. http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/nervous.html
Remember from the first year embryology Trilaminar disc has 3 layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Development of face Remember from the first year embryology Trilaminar disc has 3 layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm The ectoderm forms the neural groove, then tube The neural tube lies in the mesoderm
Human Anatomy and Physiology I Laboratory
Human Anatomy and Physiology I Laboratory Histology of Nervous Tissue and The Spinal Cord This lab involves two laboratory exercises: 1) Histology of Nervous Tissue, and 2) Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves,
Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Spinal Cord Anatomy Protective structures: Vertebral column and the meninges protect the spinal cord and provide physical stability. a. Dura mater, b. Arachnoid,
Department of Neurology/Division of Anatomical Sciences
Spinal Cord I Lecture Outline and Objectives CNS/Head and Neck Sequence TOPIC: FACULTY: THE SPINAL CORD AND SPINAL NERVES, Part I Department of Neurology/Division of Anatomical Sciences LECTURE: Monday,
Case Report Spina Bifida of fifth lumbar vertebrae associated with absence of spinous process, laminae and inferior articular processes A case report
Case Report Spina Bifida of fifth lumbar vertebrae associated with absence of spinous process, laminae and inferior articular processes A case report Dr. Dona Saha, Dr. Madhushree Pal Demonstrator, Department
50a A&P: Nervous System -! Peripheral Nervous System
50a A&P: Nervous System -! Peripheral Nervous System 50a A&P: Nervous System -! Peripheral Nervous System! Class Outline" 5 minutes" "Attendance, Breath of Arrival, and Reminders " 10 minutes "Lecture:"
Spinal Cord- Medulla Spinalis. Cuneyt Mirzanli Istanbul Gelisim University
Spinal Cord- Medulla Spinalis Cuneyt Mirzanli Istanbul Gelisim University Spinal Column Supports the skull, pectoral girdle, upper limbs and thoracic cage by way of the pelvic girdle. Transmits body weight
Histology of the CNS
Histology of the CNS Lecture Objectives Describe the histology of the cerebral cortex layers. Describe the histological features of the cerebellum; layers and cells of cerebellar cortex. Describe the elements
With other members of your lab group, discuss the following questions: - The spinal cord connects directly to which part of the brain?
BIOLOGY 211: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY ************************************************************************************************************************* SPINAL CORD, SPINAL NERVES, AND REFLEXES
Pharyngeal apparatus. - At the third week, it is a 3 layered structure: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. This is called trilaminar disc
Pharyngeal apparatus Remember from the first year embryology - The embryo was disc shaped in the second week of development (this is called embryonic disc) and it is a 2 layered disc (composed of two layers)---bilaminar
Fig Cervical spinal nerves. Cervical enlargement C7. Dural sheath. Subarachnoid space. Thoracic. Spinal cord Vertebra (cut) spinal nerves
Fig. 13.1 C1 Cervical enlargement C7 Cervical spinal nerves Dural sheath Subarachnoid space Thoracic spinal nerves Spinal cord Vertebra (cut) Lumbar enlargement Medullary cone T12 Spinal nerve Spinal nerve
The functional Anatomy of the Nervous System. DR. OKSANA PETRICHKO Department of Human Anatomy
The functional Anatomy of the Nervous System DR. OKSANA PETRICHKO Department of Human Anatomy Coordination and Regulation of Body Systems Nervous system. Conducts nerve impulses maintaining homeostasis
DEVELOPMENT OF BRAIN
Ahmed Fathalla OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should: List the components of brain stem. Describe the site of brain stem. Describe the relations between components of brain stem & their
The CNS Part II pg
The CNS Part II pg. 455-474 Protection of the Brain Objectives Describe how the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and the blood brain barrier protect the CNS. Explain how Cerebrospinal fluid is formed, and
Chapter 3. Structure and Function of the Nervous System. Copyright (c) Allyn and Bacon 2004
Chapter 3 Structure and Function of the Nervous System 1 Basic Features of the Nervous System Neuraxis: An imaginary line drawn through the center of the length of the central nervous system, from the
NEUROCRANIUM VISCEROCRANIUM VISCEROCRANIUM VISCEROCRANIUM
LECTURE 4 SKULL NEUROCRANIUM VISCEROCRANIUM VISCEROCRANIUM VISCEROCRANIUM CRANIUM NEUROCRANIUM (protective case around brain) VISCEROCRANIUM (skeleton of face) NASOMAXILLARY COMPLEX MANDIBLE (DESMOCRANIUM)
Development of Respiratory System. Dr. Sanaa Alshaarawy& Dr. Saeed Vohra
Development of Respiratory System Dr. Sanaa Alshaarawy& Dr. Saeed Vohra OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture the students should be able to: Identify the development of the laryngeotracheal (respiratory)
THEME 2. VERTEBRAE (GENERAL DATA). CERVICAL, THORACIC AND LUMBAR VERTEBRAE. SACRUM. COCCYX. THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AS A WHOLE
THEME 2. VERTEBRAE (GENERAL DATA). CERVICAL, THORACIC AND LUMBAR VERTEBRAE. SACRUM. COCCYX. THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AS A WHOLE Osteology of the Vertebral Column Bone Description vertebra Notes a vertebra
Dr Ajit Singh Moderator Dr P S Chandra Dr Rajender Kumar
BIOMECHANICS OF SPINE Dr Ajit Singh Moderator Dr P S Chandra Dr Rajender Kumar What is biomechanics? Biomechanics is the study of the consequences of application of external force on the spine Primary
Lecture - Chapter 13: Central Nervous System
Lecture - Chapter 13: Central Nervous System 1. Describe the following structures of the brain, what is the general function of each: a. Cerebrum b. Diencephalon c. Brain Stem d. Cerebellum 2. What structures
Nervous system. The main regulation mechanism of organism's functions
Nervous system The main regulation mechanism of organism's functions Questions Neuron The reflex arc The nervous centers Properties of the nervous centers The general principles of coordination Inhibition
SENSORY (ASCENDING) SPINAL TRACTS
SENSORY (ASCENDING) SPINAL TRACTS Dr. Jamila El-Medany Dr. Essam Eldin Salama OBJECTIVES By the end of the lecture, the student will be able to: Define the meaning of a tract. Distinguish between the different
It consist of two components: the outer, laminar fibrous container (or annulus), and the inner, semifluid mass (the nucleus pulposus).
Lumbar Spine The lumbar vertebrae are the last five vertebrae of the vertebral column. They are particularly large and heavy when compared with the vertebrae of the cervical or thoracicc spine. Their bodies
meninges Outermost layer of the meninge dura mater arachnoid mater pia mater membranes located between bone and soft tissue of the nervous system
membranes located between bone and soft tissue of the nervous system meninges Outermost layer of the meninge dura mater middle layer of the meninges, contains no blood vessels arachnoid mater Innermost
Nsci 2100: Human Neuroanatomy Examination 1
Name KEY Lab Section Nsci 2100: Human Neuroanatomy Examination 1 On this page, write your name and lab section. On your scantron answer sheet, enter your name (last name, space, first name), internet ID
Embryology of the Heart
*Page 1A: Embryology of the Heart Human embryonic disc is divided into three layers: ectoderm, intraembryonic mesoderm, and endoderm. The embryonic disc lies between the amniotic cavity and the primary