Proceedings of AVA Annual Conference, Adelaide, Trengove, C - Influence of soil ecology on animal health and welfare
|
|
- Jeffery King
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Influence of soil ecology on animal health and welfare Colin L Trengove Pro Ag Consulting POB 169, Burnside SA 5006 Introduction Ecology has been defined as the study of relations of animals and plants, particularly of animals and plant communities, to their surroundings, animate and inanimate. 1 It was initially developed to provide a mechanistic backbone to the science of natural history and so is entwined with evolution. 2 However, the ecological study of soil biota is only a recent phenomenon and the taxonomic classification of the very diverse soil microbial population is still emerging. Soil ecology is a major determinant of animal health and welfare through its influence on the quality and quantity of nutrition available to grazing livestock. The interaction between microbes and the soil is integral to mineralisation - the processes by which minerals are converted into an available form for uptake by plants and animals. The nature of the soil determines the resources or physical components of the environment available to soil-borne organisms to facilitate mineralisation. These resources include water, carbon, nitrogen and various other macro- and micronutrients. Liebig s Law of the Minimum originally developed by Carl Sprengel in 1828 states that plant growth is limited by the scarcest resource, not the total amount of nutrients or resources. 3 This understanding of resource availability lead to the development of the fertiliser industry to the extent that physical resources are often no longer the limiting factor to achieving productivity gains in plants and animals. Instead it is often the soil biota that is the constraint to plant growth. Access to soil nutrients Soils have specific nutritional requirements for optimum health similar to plants and animals. This is often referred to as soil chemistry and along with physical properties creates the home for various living organisms such as insects, worms, bacteria and fungi collectively known as the soil biology or microbial biomass. Without these organisms the soil would be dead and unproductive. Figure 1 shows key microbe groups involved in maintaining soil health. The soil microbial biomass comprises less than 5% of the organic matter in soil, but performs several critical functions in the soil plant environment. 4 It improves nutrient availability as a labile source of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S); acts as sink for C, N, P and S; improves soil structure, moisture availability and drainage; forms symbiotic associations with roots; assists nutrient transformation and pesticide degradation; and acts as biological agents against plants pathogens. An example of the latter is the presence of an endophytic fungus in perennial ryegrass making it less susceptible to Argentine stem weevil attack. The microbial compositions of the soil influence which plant species tend to dominate. For example, a fungi:bacteria ratio of 0.75:1 suits grass dominance, while vines and fruit trees prefer a ratio of 5:1. Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi referred to as VAM live in a symbiotic relationship with most plant types and can increase plant nutrient uptake, particularly phosphorus, as well as nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, zinc and other nutrients. 5 They can also improve plant drought tolerance. In addition, they produce a long-lived carboniferous protein called glomalin which binds soil particles to improve spoil structure creating micro-pores in which other beneficial soil microbes like to grow. 836
2 Figure 1: Illustration of the role of key microbial groups in the soil and an example of a soil test compared to the desired biomass. 5 A balanced approach to soil and plant management will promote long-term sustainability and the best outcome in terms pasture and animal health, welfare and profitability. The effort required to achieve soil balance varies widely with soil type and environmental conditions and an understanding of cation exchange in the soil colloid are critical to this process. 6 An audit of the biological, chemical and physical aspects of soil is desirable to assess the input required to improve productivity. The cost benefit of this input will depend on the pre-existing nature of the soil and it is often financially prudent to initially focus on those soils that need the least amendment. A soil test is used to assess the amount of plant available nutrients in the soil as well as identify limitations to production such as the biological activity and diversity, ph, soil structure, sodicity, salinity and low or excessive nutrient status. There has been great interest in the assessment of the microbial biomass for over 40 years, and the process has gained popularity with the development of relatively rapid and more reliable assessment techniques in recent years. 4 Further improvement in molecular biotechniques will encourage this assessment to become a routine tool in the management of the land and the environment. Soil amendments and ph Amendments that may be applied to address soil limitations include the application of humates and composts to ensure adequate carbon and nitrogen for the soil biomass, as well as lime, gypsum and dolomite to create the desirable ph for optimal microbial activity. Soil ph is an important parameter of soils and plant-soil interactions affecting:- microbial population and diversity; root development inhibited by extremely high or low ph; seedling germination restricted especially by low ph; nutrient availability and the predominant form of a specific nutrient; and rates of weathering of minerals and organic matter. 837
3 Generally, high (alkaline) or low (acidic) soil ph conditions reduce the availability of macro and trace elements. For example, phosphate, is absorbed to either iron or aluminium oxides at low ph or calcium carbonate or iron oxides at high ph, but like most nutrients, is most available when the ph is in the desired range ( ) to suit optimum biological activity - as illustrated in Figure 2. Figure 2: The availability of nutrients at various ph (water), with the widest bar representing availability. 7 Minerals in plant health All higher plants require at least 16 elements 5. Carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) from water and carbon dioxide contribute 90-95% of the dry matter of all plants. The remaining 5 10% of the plant consists of elements sourced from the soil through the plant root system. The 13 essential elements that come from the soil are six macro elements - nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S) and seven trace elements iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), chloride (Cl) and molybdenum (Mo). Legumes also require cobalt (Co) for rhizobia in their root nodules to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Minerals in animal health and welfare Minerals have three major roles in animals to:- provide structural material to bones and connective tissue; allow electrical impulses to be transmitted across nerves; and act as catalysts involved in the numerous physiological processes such as DNA replication, digestion, immune function, endocrine synthesis, neurological activity, energy storage and release, muscle contraction and numerous other functions. As a consequence, 838
4 mineral deficiencies can have devastating consequences on animal health and welfare. For example, a deficiency of magnesium and zinc can account for 300 physiological malfunctions due to their role in enzymatic processes. An example of interactions determining mineral availability to plants is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3: Mulder s chart displays a summary of the stimulatory and antagonistic interactions that influence plant mineral availability. 9 The availability of nutrients in appropriate quantities is a major factor determining the health of grazing livestock with at least 15 minerals recognised as being essential to animal. 10 These essential elements are similar to those for plants although plants have a higher requirement for K, Fe and Ca (legumes) and a lower requirement for Cu than animals. In addition, animals have specific requirements for sodium (Na), iodine (I), selenium (Se) and fluorine (F). As a consequence, in the presence of soil deficiency it is often more cost effective to apply nutrients as solid or foliar fertiliser so that both plants and animals can benefit, rather than direct to the animal. The critical nutrient levels for plant growth are sometimes lower than the minimum levels required for animals. For example, plants can be showing healthy vigorous growth, but have inadequate nutrients for grazing livestock. Conversely, high levels of certain nutrients in plants such as Cu, Mo, Se, Fe, S, Na, K, F, nitrite (NO 2) and nitrate (NO 3) can be harmful to animals without affecting plant growth. Mineral deficiencies and disease syndromes in livestock at pasture are often associated with the major elements - Ca, P, Mg, Na, S and trace elements - Co, Cu, I, Mn, Se and Zn. 10 These deficiencies are difficult to predict due to variations in seasonal conditions (e.g. inundation and drought) affecting feed availability and mineral composition, grazing intensity and selectivity, soil ingestion and physiological differences between pasture species and livestock breeds. In addition, differences in the chemical, physical and 839
5 biological properties of different soils will also influence the mineral status of the grazing animal. A strategy combining soil, pasture and animal sample analyses can provide a comprehensive tool for animal health and welfare investigations, but an understanding of the impact of nutrient interactions, prevailing seasonal conditions and grazing management is critical to interpretation of the test results gathered. Similarly, this approach is ideal for the development of management programs for optimum health and welfare in soil, plants and animals. The approach involves the use of both soil chemistry and biology tests, plant analyses as a means of monitoring nutrient availability and in conjunction with tests on blood, liver, milk, urine, faeces, grains, conserved feeds and water as appropriate. Conclusion Soil ecology has a fundamental impact on nutrients available to associated plants and grazing livestock. Molecular techniques to monitor the soil biomass and the direct effect on plant and animal production are being further developed for routine adoption. The farm manager and animal health consultant equipped with this information as well as their knowledge of season, pasture availability, grazing management and the class of stock is able to manage animal health and welfare with a high degree of confidence. References 1. Abercrombie M, Hickman CJ, and Johnson ML. A dictionary of biology. Penguin Books Australia Ltd, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia 1973; Morris SJ, and Blackwood CB. The ecology of soil biota and their function. In Soil microbiology, ecology and biochemistry. Paul EA editor 4 th ed. Elsevier, London NW1 7BY, UK, 2015: Soil Foodweb Institute. Liebig s law of the minimum. =173:2010may-liebigs-law-of-the-minimum&catid=45:2010-may&itemid= Dalal RC. Soil microbial biomass-what do the numbers really mean? Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 1998, 38(7): Microbiology laboratories Australia Trengove CL. Whole farm nutrition the role of soil in animal nutrition. In Sheep Medicine. Post graduate foundation in veterinary science, University of Sydney. 2004,355: Apal agricultural laboratory soil test interpretation guide McLaren RG. and Cameron KC. Nutrient availability. In Soil Science. Oxford University Press, New Zealand. 1996: Mulders chart Judson GJ, and McFarlane JD. Mineral disorders in grazing livestock and the usefulness of soil and plant analysis in the assessment of these disorders. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 1998, 38:
Plant Nutrients in Mineral Soils
The Supply and Availability of Plant Nutrients in Mineral Soils Plant Nutrients in Mineral Soils Factors Controlling the Growth of Higher Plants 1. Light 2. Mechanical Support. Heat. Air 5. Water 6. Nutrients
More informationTerry Richmond s Fertilizer Package mentioned in the panel discussion March 14, 2013.
Terry Richmond s Fertilizer Package mentioned in the panel discussion March 14, 2013. Roles of the 16 essential nutrients in plant development Sixteen plant food nutrients are essential for proper crop
More informationCompost Analysis. Sustainable Soil Management with the Mikhail Balance System
Tel: +61 3 9701 6007 Fax: +61 3 9701 5712 ABN: 26 005 031 569 www.swep.com.au Compost Analysis Sustainable Soil Management with the Mikhail Balance System FILE NO : 1504110993 DATE ISSUED : 28/04/2015
More informationSoil Program Recommendation
Soil Program Recommendation Grower: G.C. Wynne Consultant: Bill Munton Doyle St Quirindi NSW 2343 Soil Test No: K6930ABC These comments and suggestions are based on our interpretation of soil analysis
More informationGreenhouse Horticulture
Managing Nutrients in Greenhouse Horticulture Original content by Domenic Cavallaro Stoller Australia Pty Ltd Plant HORMONE PRODUCTION follows approx. cycles with changing NUTRIENT requirements Source:
More informationSupplying Nutrients to Crops
Supplying Nutrients to Crops What is Plant Nutrition? Plants need nutrients for healthy growth and development. Plant nutrition involves the absorption of nutrients for plant growth and is dependent on
More informationEconovaPlus Fertiliser
EconovaPlus Fertiliser The complete plant growth fertiliser, bio-stimulater & carbon control solution. A bio-fertiliser based on the need for organic mineral complexes in the soil. Manufactured by building
More informationHow to Develop a Balanced Program for Pecan and Chili. Robert R Smith
Essential Plant Nutrients How to Develop a Balanced Program for Pecan and Chili Robert R Smith Nutrition Management Involves Knowledge of: Site/Soil characteristics and chemistry Plant requirements Cropping
More informationProduct Guide
Product Guide www.lawrieco.com.au Healthy Soil Healthy People About the Product Range The LawrieCo product range has been developed to offer high quality and balanced nutritional options in liquid and
More informationBUILDING HEALTHY SOILS AND PLANTS. Summary
BUILDING HEALTHY SOILS AND PLANTS Summary All essential nutrients are needed to produce one plant cell. Productivity of soil is limited by the least available nutrient. Measurement of Soil Cation Exchange
More informationBy Andrew & Erin Oxford, Bethel
Chemistry in Plant Nutrition & Growth Objectives Review elements of chemistry and apply them to plant nutrition and growth in an agricultural context. Suggested grade levels 9-12 Alaska Content Standards
More informationWelcome. Greg Patterson C.C.A. President A&L Canada Laboratories
Welcome Greg Patterson C.C.A. President A&L Canada Laboratories Discussion Soil test levels Dropping P,K Organic matter levels dropping Cost of Fertilizer Increasing due to Global Demand Environmental
More informationDiscuss the importance of healthy soils Soil properties, physical, chemical and biological that one can manage for soil health How organics play a
Andrew Ristvey The University of Maryland Extension programs are open to any person and will not discriminate against anyone because of race, age, sex, color, sexual orientation, physical or mental disability,
More informationBOTANY AND PLANT GROWTH Lesson 9: PLANT NUTRITION. MACRONUTRIENTS Found in air and water carbon C oxygen hydrogen
BOTANY AND PLANT GROWTH Lesson 9: PLANT NUTRITION Segment One Nutrient Listing Plants need 17 elements for normal growth. Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen are found in air and water. Nitrogen, phosphorus,
More informationChapter 1: Overview of soil fertility, plant nutrition, and nutrient management
Chapter 1: Overview of soil fertility, plant nutrition, and nutrient management Agustin Pagani, John E. Sawyer, and Antonio P. Mallarino / Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University Developed in cooperation
More informationExample: Ammonium Sulphate (also called Sulphate of Ammonia) is composed of the following:
Atoms are made up of smaller particles that are held together by electrical or magnetic forces. Each atom is, in effect, like a mini solar system with a cluster of particles called electrons orbiting it.
More informationUnderstanding a Soil Report
Understanding a Soil Report AGRONOMY SOIL ANALYSIS 1. Soil ph Soil ph is a measure of the acidity in the soil. An acidic soil has a greater amount of hydrogen (H+) ions and a ph below 7.0. Values above
More informationPRIMARY (MACRO) NUTRIENTS
Session 8 Earth: Fertility in the forest garden Lewis McNeill May 2014 Recap on nutrients Sixteen plant food nutrients are essential for proper plant and crop development. Each is equally important to
More informationSOILS AND PLANT NUTRITION
SOILS AND PLANT NUTRITION WHAT IS SOIL? Soil is the medium in which plants grow - the basis for plant growth. I can t get any respect. People treat me like dirt! Four Major Components of Soil Sand Silt
More informationCompost Analysis. Sustainable Soil Management with the Mikhail Balance System
Tel: +61 3 9701 6007 Fax: +61 3 9701 5712 ABN: 26 005 031 569 www.swep.com.au Compost Analysis Sustainable Soil Management with the Mikhail Balance System FILE NO : 1703124769 DATE ISSUED : 15/03/2017
More informationTNPSC Chemistry Study Material Fertilizers
TNPSC Chemistry Study Material A fertilizer is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients
More informationMineral Nutrition. Criteria for Essentiality
Mineral Nutrition Criteria for Essentiality The element is absolutely necessary for supporting normal growth and reproduction. In the absence of essential elements, plants cannot complete their life cycle
More informationSoil Fertility and Nutrient Management. Hailin Zhang. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences
Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management Hailin Zhang Department of Plant and Soil Sciences C H O P N K 16 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS Ca S Mg B Cl Cu Fe Mn Mo B NON-MINERAL NUTRIENTS Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen
More informationTHOMSON & JOSEPH LTD. The Mineral Specialists GRASS SILAGE EARLY SEASON MINERAL PROFILE
THOMSON & JOSEPH LTD The Mineral Specialists GRASS SILAGE - EARLY SEASON MINERAL PROFILE CALCIUM INCREASES AT EXPENSE OF PHOSPHORUS PHOSPHORUS DOWN BY 14% POTASSIUM MAINTAINS HIGH VALUE CAB FALLS BY 11%
More informationINTERPRETATION GUIDE TO SOIL TEST REPORTS
Originators of Your Crop's Dieticians 4915 West Monte Cristo Road Edinburg, Texas 78541 Telephone: 956-383-0739 Facsimile: 956-383-0730 INTERPRETATION GUIDE TO SOIL TEST REPORTS TPSL 's Daubeny Carbon
More informationSoil Composition. Air
Soil Composition Air Soil Included Air Approximately 40 to 60% of the volume of a soil is actually empty space between the solid particles (voids). These voids are filled with air and/or water. The air
More informationMineral Nutrition of Fruit & Nut Trees. Fruit & Nut Tree Nutrition 3/1/2013. Johnson - Nutrition 1
Mineral Nutrition of Fruit & Nut Trees R. Scott Johnson Extension Pomologist UC Kearney Ag Center Fruit & Nut Tree Nutrition 1. Basic Principles 2. Sampling for Nutrients 3. Environmental Issues 4. BMPs
More informationUse of Soil and Tissue Testing for Sustainable Crop Nutrient Programs
Use of Soil and Tissue Testing for Sustainable Crop Nutrient Programs Kelly T. Morgan Soil and Water Science Department Southwest Florida Research and Education Center Immokalee 239 658 3400 conserv@ufl.edu
More informationFertilization Programming
Fertilization Plant Composition Water composes 90% of plant weight (fresh weight) Dry weight is composed of 17 essential elements: Non-fertilizer elements: Carbon (C) -- 41% of dry weight (DW) Hydrogen
More informationInterpreting Soils Report. Beyond N P K
Interpreting Soils Report Beyond N P K What we will cover We will not discuss Macro Nutrients Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium. We will touch on Secondary Nutrients Magnesium, Calcium and Sulfur. We
More informationEssential Soil Nutrients for Plant Growth and Development
Essential Soil Nutrients for Plant Growth and Development Essential nutrients required by plants Role of nutrients within the plant Symptoms of deficiencies/toxicities 2 The basic soil components are:
More informationSoil fertility & fertilizers. Soil Nutrients. Soil Nutrients. by Jeff Choate
Soil fertility & fertilizers by Jeff Choate 1 Soil Nutrients Of all the elements plants need, 3 are needed in much larger quantities than all others combined. Carbon (C) Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Plants
More informationABOUT TURF FORMULA. 36% Decrease in Brown Patch 35% Increase in Root Mass 33% Nematode Reduction 73% Salt Reduction in 90 Days
ABOUT TURF FORMULA Superintendents and turfgrass managers routinely see the benefits of using Turf Formula and Super- Cal to achieve and maintain healthy greens and turf. The value of these products is
More informationVisit For All NCERT solutions, CBSE sample papers, Question papers, Notes for Class 6 to 12. Chapter-12 MINERAL NUTRITION
Chapter-12 MINERAL NUTRITION POINTS TO REMEMBER Autotroph : An organism that synthesize its required nutrients from simple and inorganic substances. Heterotroph : An organism that cannot synthesise its
More informationNutrients & Diagnosing Nutrient Needs. Carrie Laboski Dept. of Soil Science UW-Madison
Nutrients & Diagnosing Nutrient Needs Carrie Laboski Dept. of Soil Science UW-Madison Sources of nutrients available for plant uptake Nutrients in the soil solution are: In ionic form At low concentration
More informationThe role of water in the maintenance of life
Inorganic compounds The role of water in the maintenance of life As mentioned in Table (Reference), up to 65% of our bodies are made up of water. Water is an inorganic compound made up of two hydrogen
More informationThe uptake of nutrients occurs at both the roots and the leaves.
CHAPTER 37: WHAT DO PLANTS NEED TO LIVE AND HOW DO THEY GET IT? Elemental Composition of Living Organisms WHAT ARE ORGANISMS MADE OF? Element Human Alfalfa Bacterium Carbon 19.37% 11.34% 12.14% Hydrogen
More information3.0 Supplying Nutrients to Crops
3.0 Supplying Nutrients to Crops Plants need for healthy growth and development. Plant nutrition involves the absorption of nutrients for plant growth and is dependent on, often referred to as nutrients.
More informationEnclosed are the tissue analysis results for the samples from the greens at Golf Club.
Enclosed are the tissue analysis results for the samples from the greens at Golf Club. The results for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and sodium are reported on a percent
More informationUnit B: Seed Germination, Growth, and Development. Lesson 4: Determining Nutrient Functions and Utilization
Unit B: Seed Germination, Growth, and Development Lesson 4: Determining Nutrient Functions and Utilization 1 Terms Denitrification Leach Macronutrient Micronutrient Nitrification Nitrogen cycle Nitrogen
More informationGreg Patterson C.C.A. President A&L Canada Laboratories
Welcome Greg Patterson C.C.A. President A&L Canada Laboratories Compost Quality Consumer of the Future Population dynamics - more and more people involved in use of compost Better educated on what is expected
More informationLimitations to Plant Analysis. John Peters & Carrie Laboski Department of Soil Science University of Wisconsin-Madison
Limitations to Plant Analysis John Peters & Carrie Laboski Department of Soil Science University of Wisconsin-Madison What is an essential plant nutrient omission of the element will result in abnormal
More informationUnderstanding your results Acidity... 3 Aluminium... 3 Base saturation... 3 Boron... 4 Bulk density... 4 Calcium... 4 Cations...
Understanding your results Acidity... 3 Aluminium.... 3 Base saturation... 3 Boron... 4 Bulk density... 4 Calcium... 4 Cations... 4 CEC - Cation Exchange Capacity... 4 Copper... 5 Conductivity... 6 Deficiencies...
More informationLesson 3 Understanding Nutrients and Their Importance
Unit B Understanding Animal Body Systems Lesson 3 Understanding Nutrients and Their Importance 1 Terms Balanced ration Carbohydrates Complex carbohydrates Disaccharides Essential nutrients Ether Fat Fat-soluble
More informationSoil Prescription - Sample 1
Soil Prescription - Sample 1 Hay Meadow In Eastern Kansas The following soil prescription was prepared for a five acre hay meadow in production for over three decades. The hay is sold to a livestock farmer
More informationNitrophoska. Cereals, fodder beet, horticulture, maize and vegetables. Precise nutrition for superior plant performance
Nitrophoska Cereals, fodder beet, horticulture, maize and vegetables Precise nutrition for superior plant performance Nitrophoska - The same composition of high-grade plant available nutrients in every
More informationAnimal, Plant & Soil Science. D3-7 Characteristics and Sources of Secondary Nutrients and Micronutrients
Animal, Plant & Soil Science D3-7 Characteristics and Sources of Secondary Nutrients and Micronutrients Interest Approach Obtain samples of minerals that serve as sources of calcium, magnesium, and sulfur
More informationSoil acidity. Kiyoshi Tsutsuki
Soil acidity Kiyoshi Tsutsuki http://timetraveler.html.xdomain.jp H = log (H+) oriba Home page ph and crop growth (vegetables and root crops) Low ph tolerance strong (4.0~5.0) A little strong (4.5~6.0)
More informationInterpretation of Soil Tests for Environmental Considerations
Interpretation of Soil Tests for Environmental Considerations Ray Ward Ward Laboratories, Inc Kearney, NE www.wardlab.com Guiding Producers Today to Feed the World Tomorrow www.wardlab.com Saline County
More informationFACTORS AFFECTING WATER QUALITY
TECHNICAL PAPER WATER QUALITY PLANT HEALTH FACTORS Water quality is one of the most important factors affecting plant growth, as unwanted components in water can interfere with nutrient availability and
More informationProduct Name : Fish s Amino Nutrients
Product Name : Fish s Amino Nutrients Bio Organic Fertilizer Provides Quality Nitrogen, Among with Other Nutrients to Plants Fish Hydrolysate Fertilizer is an excellent source of many nutrients. As natural,
More informationREMEMBER as we go through this exercise: Science is the art of making simple things complicated!
REMEMBER as we go through this exercise: Science is the art of making simple things complicated! Fertilization of Hops Ron Godin, Ph.D., Colorado State University Extension Fertilization of Hops - Care
More informationMulti-K. Potassium Nitrate Products For Healthy Crops
Multi-K Potassium Nitrate Products For Healthy Crops Contents Potassium in the plant Multi-K and its advantages Nutrigation with Multi-K Foliar nutrition with Haifa Bonus Multi-K properties Multi-K products
More informationLecture 14. More Soil chemistry and nutrients in soils
Lecture 14 More Soil chemistry and nutrients in soils SOIL INORGANIC SOLIDS saprolite development elemental changes that occur during weathering The gain or loss of chemical constituents in saprolite records
More informationPhosphorus (P) The Fuel of Life
The Phosphorus Cycle Phosphorus (P) The Fuel of Life Phosphorus Losses: - P leaching losses are low. - Topsoil erosion causes significant loss. - P removal through products. - P lost to unproduc
More informationTable 1. Plant Nutrients. Nutrients From Air & Water Primary Macronutrients
WHITEPAPER THE GREAT DEBATE SYNTHETIC VS. ORGANIC PLANT NUTRIENTS RX GREEN Plant nutrients are inorganic elements such as zinc or magnesium that are absorbed by plant roots in order to fuel growth and
More informationChapter 11 Introducing Fertilisers CONTENTS
Chapter 11 Introducing Fertilisers CONTENTS 11 Introducing Fertilisers... 11-2 11.1 Introduction... 11-2 11.2 What is a fertiliser?... 11-2 11.3 Fertiliser products... 11-2 11.3.1 Low-analysis fertilisers...
More informationCOMPOST ANALYSIS REPORT
LAB ID: SAMPLE ID: REPORT DATE: SAMPLE TYPE: FEEDSTOCKS COMPOSTING METHOD COUNTY C10462 04/27/2018 Analyte COMPOST ANALYSIS REPORT (As is basis) Compost Test 3A (Dry weight basis) ph Soluble Salts Solids
More informationXI CLASS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 12: MINERAL NUTRITION
XI CLASS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 12: MINERAL NUTRITION Mineral nutrition is the study of source, mode of absorption, distribution and metabolism of various inorganic substances (minerals) by plants for their growth,
More informationIntroduction to Soil Minerals
Introduction to Soil Minerals 6th Annual Soil & Nutrition Conference 12/5/2016 David Forster Bionutrient Food Association, Agronomist Forster Soil Management, Owner agronomy@bionutrient.org (413) 570-0332
More informationVegetable Update 2013
Vegetable Update 2013 Agenda 1) Foliar Feeding Is it beneficial? 2) WingP 2012 experiences 3) Clubroot update Foliar Feeding Is it Beneficial? Why do we foliar feed- deficiencies, improve colour / quality
More informationPlant Food. Nitrogen (N)
Plant Food Nitrogen (N) Functions: Promote plant growth Increase protein content of crops Improves quality of crop Makes plant more efficient with water Helps for stay green and dry down Plants take up
More informationAGRY 515: What do you know? In 10 minutes, fill out what you can. Educated guesses are strongly encouraged.
AGRY 515: What do you know? In 10 minutes, fill out what you can. Educated guesses are strongly encouraged. Criteria for Essential Elements A. B. C. Essential Elements (17): Nonmineral (3): Mineral (14):
More informationTrends in Soil Management for Turf. David C. Smith P.Ag DCS Agronomic Services
Trends in Soil Management for Turf David C. Smith P.Ag DCS Agronomic Services Points for Today s Discussion Soil Testing Considerations Soil test interpretation How water moves in the soil Recommendations
More informationSOIL AND PLANT NUTRITION
SOIL AND PLANT NUTRITION 1.0 Introduction Plants need at least 16 elements for normal growth to be able to produce well. Some of the elements are needed in large quantities. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
More informationAnalysis. Methods of. of Soils, Plants, Waters, Fertilisers & Organic Manures. Edited by HLS Tandon
Methods of Analysis of Soils, Plants, Waters, Fertilisers & Organic Manures Edited by HLS Tandon Fertiliser Development and Consultation Organisation 204204A Bhanot Corner, 12 Pamposh Enclave New Delhi
More informationWHAT ARE FERTILIZERS
FERTILIZER INDUSTRY WHAT ARE FERTILIZERS FERTILIZERS ARE COMPOUNDS GIVEN TO PLANTS WITH THE INTENTION OF PROMOTING GROWTH; THEY ARE USUALLY APPLIED EITHER VIA THE SOIL, FOR UPTAKE BY PLANT ROOTS, OR BY
More informationBIOLOGY - CLUTCH CH.37 - SOIL.
!! www.clutchprep.com Plants produce sugars from photosynthesis, but still have many nutritional requirements C, H, and O account for ~95% of a plant s dry weight, and are obtained from CO2 and H2O Vascular
More informationMega Min. Maximise the potential of your livestock. Solutions. AUSTRALIA
Mega Min Maximise the potential of your livestock Solutions AUSTRALIA www.agsolutions.com.au How can the MegaMin supplement range assist my livestock? Are you experiencing Mineral or trace mineral deficiencies?
More informationSoils and Soil Fertility Management
Soils and Soil Fertility Management Mark L. McFarland Professor and Soil Fertility Specialist Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service College Station, Texas Four Principal Components of Soil Air Mineral Solid
More informationEffective Organic Nutrition for a Premium Crop! Powered by MICRO CARBON TECHNOLOGY PRODUCT GUIDE
Effective Organic Nutrition for a Premium Crop! Powered by MICRO CARBON TECHNOLOGY PRODUCT GUIDE 1 TABLE of CONTENTS 3 Company Overview 4 Why Fertilgold? 5 Micro Carbon Technology SOIL PRODUCTS 6 Soil
More informationMineral Nutrients and their functions in plants
Mineral Nutrients and their functions in plants PLANT NUTRITION The term "nutrition" refers to the interrelated steps by which a living organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and replacement
More informationEssential Elements. Original research don by Julius von Sachs 1860 using hydroponics
Essential Elements Original research don by Julius von Sachs 1860 using hydroponics Using various solutions found ones that supported plant life Sachs found several elements that were needed in relatively
More informationFERTILIZATION. Roland D. Meyer, Daniel B. Marcum, and Steve B. Orloff ESSENTIAL PLANT NUTRIENTS
CHAPTER FIVE FERTILIZATION Roland D. Meyer, Daniel B. Marcum, and Steve B. Orloff P roviding an adequate supply of nutrients is important for alfalfa production and is essential to maintain high and profitable
More informationSoil Health - Myth Vs Fact
Soil Health - Myth Vs Fact Throughout history there are many cases of widely held beliefs, often driven by commercial and political interests, that turn out to be wrong. For example, smoking was considered
More informationPlant, Soil, and Nutrients
Plant, Soil, and Nutrients 1 Where do plants get their nutrients? - Atmospheric Deposition (N, S) - Irrigation water - Shallow groundwater 2 What is surface exchange? Soil has an overall charge Overall
More informationPotassium and Phosphorus as Plant Nutrients. Secondary Nutrients and Micronutrients. Potassium is required in large amounts by many crops
Potassium and Phosphorus as Plant Nutrients Secondary Nutrients and Micronutrients Potassium is required in large amounts by many crops Yield K 2 O taken up Crop level/ac in total crop, lb Alfalfa 8 tons
More informationUSERS GUIDE for the. report
USERS GUIDE for the report November, 2015 INTRODUCTION: AgVita has been conducting expresssoil analyses since the mid 1990 s, being a pioneer of this method of soil analysis in Australia. This test has
More informationMarkus Braaten. Elston D. Solberg. Director of Agri-Knowledge Agri-Trend. US Director of Agri-Knowledge Agri-Trend USA
Water Drives Everything!! So Make Every Drop Count Elston D. Solberg Director of Agri-Knowledge Agri-Trend Markus Braaten US Director of Agri-Knowledge Agri-Trend USA Food, Fibre and Fuel Uptake (lbs/a)
More informationPlants, soil, and nutrients. Created in partnership with Alex Lindsey, Ph.D., The Ohio State University
Plants, soil, and nutrients Created in partnership with Alex Lindsey, Ph.D., The Ohio State University Where do plants get their nutrients? Atmospheric deposition (N, S) Irrigation water Shallow groundwater
More informationSoil fertility and fertilizers for wild blueberry production
Revised 2013 Wild Blueberry Factsheet D.2.0 Soil fertility and fertilizers for wild blueberry production Introduction The wild blueberry is a perennial plant which grows naturally on a variety of soil
More informationChapter-2 Mineral Nutrition
Chapter-2 Mineral Nutrition Very Short Answers Questions: 1. Define hydroponics? A: The technique of growing plants in a specified nutrient solution is known as hydroponics. It is a soil free culture.
More informationCOMPOST ANALYSIS REPORT
Analysis Report For: Copy To: Merlyn Akhtar Ulster County Resource Recovery Agency LAB ID: SAMPLE ID: REPORT DATE: SAMPLE TYPE: FEEDSTOCKS COMPOSTING METHOD COUNTY C09238 01/13/2017 Finished Compost Static
More informationCOMPOST ANALYSIS REPORT
Bob Watts LAB ID: SAMPLE ID: REPORT DATE: SAMPLE TYPE: C09017 10/4/2016 Analyte COMPOST ANALYSIS REPORT (As is basis) Compost Test 3A (Dry weight basis) ph Soluble Salts Solids 56.6 % Organic Matter Total
More informationBeef Strategies for the Ozarks
Beef Strategies for the Ozarks Presented by Furst-McNess Company J. Willard Lemaster Beef Business Leader & Nutritionist Saturday, October 20, 2018 1 Classes of Nutrients Nutrient chemical that supports
More informationSpecialists In Soil Fertility, Plant Nutrition and Irrigation Water Quality Management.
Specialists In Soil Fertility, Plant Nutrition and Irrigation Water Quality Management. TOMATOES T PLANT NUTRITION & SAMPLING NOTES - 1 Noel Garcia, CCA he most important aspect of tomato production (field,
More informationRuminant Health, Vitamin, Minerals & Nutrition. Presented by Marty Ulrich
Ruminant Health, Vitamin, Minerals & Nutrition Presented by Marty Ulrich Ruminants require a number of minerals for optimal growth and reproduction. Selecting the correct mineral supplement is important
More informationYves Kessler European Turf Management. pro line. The new generation of biofertilizers. The.key for your quality turfgrass!
pro line The new generation of biofertilizers. The.key for your quality turfgrass! pro line General information... Following you will find a specific assortment of a new biofertilizer generation. The L-amino
More information2010 Course 6. Dan Kittredge
2010 Course 6 Dan Kittredge Dan@realfoodcampaign.org 978 257 2627 Course Review Review principles Review practices Integrate what we have learned Leave with a cogent understanding of relationships between
More informationFERTILIZING. Correct time is during October and November. Sample young, fully developed, hardened off leaves.
FERTILIZING Macadamias need to be fertilized from planting. Although in small quantities it must be done to ensure good growth. The trees do grow slowly and have to be helped to grow bearing wood in as
More information2013 SOIL SURVEY across Fleurieu Peninsula and Adelaide Hills
2013 SOIL SURVEY across Fleurieu Peninsula and Adelaide Hills Simon Ellis Mobile: 0402 027 235 Email: simon@ellisfarm.com.au Paddocks Tested: 219 in total 2 paddocks per property On 30 of properties a
More informationWater Soluble Fertilizer for Foliar Application
COMPO EXPERT EXPERTS FOR GROWTH Water Soluble Fertilizer for Foliar Application Highly efficient combination of macro and micro elements Fully chelated trace elements Fast and completely water soluble
More informationTable 1. Wheat grain nutrient concentrations (Norton, 2011) and critical nutrient concentrations (Reuter and Robinson, 1997)
Trace Elements Importance Rob Norton 1, Jim Laycock 2, Charlie Walker 2 1. International Plant Nutrition Institute, 54 Florence St, Horsham, 3400. 2. Incitec Pivot Fertilizers, PO Box 54, Geelong North,
More informationCOMPOST ANALYSIS REPORT
Analysis Report For: Copy To: Greg Gelewski OCRRA LAB ID: SAMPLE ID: REPORT DATE: SAMPLE TYPE: FEEDSTOCKS COMPOSTING METHOD COUNTY Jamesville 1/2" C06659 9/27/2013 Screened Compost Finished Compost Windrow
More informationNutrient level (EC) in a pot is like a bank
Dirt, Fert and Squirt (1) Supplying Essential Nutrients What are the most common nutritional problems? Too much fertilizer Not enough fertilizer Paul Fisher pfisher@ufl.edu 1 ph too high ph too low 2 Nutrient
More informationCOMPOST TECHNICAL DATA SHEET
Date Sampled/Received: 22 May. 17 / 24 May. 17 Davenport Compost Facility Pat Linehan P.O. Box 3606 Davenport IA 52808 Product Identification Compost Compost- Soil Builder Compost Parameters Reported as
More informationMiletin d.o.o., Crepaja. Flora Bečej - MK Group, Bečej. Uljarice Bačka, Ruma. Blago 4 - Treatment of sugar beet
Miletin d.o.o., Crepaja Blago 4 - Treatment of sugar beet The analysis was carried out by the Scientific Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad. In the sample from the treated plot the digestion was
More informationSoil Nutrients and Fertilizers. Essential Standard Explain the role of nutrients and fertilizers.
Soil Nutrients and Fertilizers Essential Standard 6.00- Explain the role of nutrients and fertilizers. Objective 6.01 Discuss macro and micro nutrients and the role they play in plant deficiencies. Macro
More informationINTRODUCTION TO GCiC
INTRODUCTION TO GCiC Contents Who are GCiC? Product Range Approach, features and benefits Who are GCiC? Incorporated on 26 March 2014. GCiC invests in: product research novel formulations registration
More informationThe Mineral Specialists
% DM The Mineral Specialists HEADLINES: G R A S S S I L A G E 2 0 1 5 - M I N E R A L P R O F I L E PHOSPHORUS UP BY 16% DUE TO SLOWER GRASS GROWTH POTASSIUM REDUCED BY 10% AND CATION ANION BALANCE BY
More information