Use of Soybean Products in Diets for Swine

Transcription

1 Use of Soybean Products in Diets for Swine Hans H. Stein University of Illinois June,

2 Composition of Soybeans and Soybean Meal

3 Soybeans and Soybean Meal Soybeans Moisture,% 10.0 Minerals,% 5.0 Fat, % 19.0 Protein, % 35.0 Sugar, o-sacch., % 16.0 Fiber and others, % 15.0 SBM, dehulled SBM, not de-hulled

4 Amino Acids

5 Proteins are Peptides Di-peptide: Tri-peptide: Peptides are build from long or short chains of amino acids Poly-peptide: 5

6 Overall Concept in Protein Digestion Feed proteins consist of long chains of AA that are bound together by peptide bonds No absorption of protein only AA can be absorbed Peptide bonds need to be hydrolyzed to liberate AA Absorption of AA only in small intestine 6

7 Ileal Digestibility 7

8 End Products of Protein Digestion in Small Intestine Free Amino Acids 8

9 Differences Among Feed Ingredients 1. Differences among feed ingredients in AA concentration as % of CP 2. Differences among feed ingredients in digestibility of amino acids 9

10 Amino Acids in SBM, % Non-Dehul Dehulled Lys Met Thr Trp Ile Val

11 Protein Quality Item SBM, 48% Corn DDGS CP, % Lys, % of CP Met, % of CP Thr, % of CP Trp, % of CP Ile, % of CP Val, % of CP H. H. Stein

12 Conc. of SID AA, g/kg Item SBM Corn DDGS CP, % SID Lys, g/kg SID Met, g/kg SID Thr, g/kg SID Trp, g/kg SID Ile, g/kg

13 Ratio of AAs Amino acid Requirement, pig Concentration, SBM Methionine Met + Cysteine Tryptophan Threonine Isoleucine Valine

14 Ileal AA Digestibility 14

15 Apparent Ileal Digestibility 3 g Lys 20 g Lys AID, Lys: (20-3)/20 x 100 = 85% H. H. Stein

16 Accuracy of Procedure AID in corn soybean meal diet Exp 1 Exp Ile Leu Lys Met Phe Thr Val Pedersen et al., 2005 H. H. Stein

17 AID in Corn-SBM-CM Diet * * * * * * P < Measured 70 Predicted Lys Met Thr Ile Phe Val Stein et al., 2005 H. H. Stein

18 Standardized Ileal Digestibility 3 g Lys 1g basal end. Lys 2 g feed Lys + Spec. end Lys 20 g Lys SID: [20 (3-1)]/20 x 100 = 90% H. H. Stein

19 SID in Corn-SBM-CM diet Measured Predicted Lys Met Thr Ile Phe Val Stein et al., 2005 H. H. Stein

20 AA digestibility in SBM, % Lys Met Thr Trp Ile Val Non-Dehul Dehulled

21 AA Digestibility (%) Lys Met Thr Trp SBM Canola DDGS 21

22 Alternative Protein Sources J. C. Gonzalez-Vega

23 Alternative protein sources Sunflower seeds Canola seeds Cottonseed meal Sunflower meal Canola meal Sunflower meal dehulled 23

24 Objective To determine SID of AA in canola-, cotton-, and sunflower-products and to compare these values to SID of AA in SBM when fed to finishing pigs. Canola seeds Cottonseed mealsunflower seedssoybean meal

25 SID of Lys, % P < 0.05 SEM =

26 Digestible Lys, g/kg 26

27 SID of Met, % P < 0.05 SEM =

28 Digestible Met, g/kg 28

29 SID of Trp, % P = SEM =

30 SID of Thr, % P < 0.05 SEM =

31 Effect of Soybean Oil on Amino Acid Digestibility Dr. Cervantes-Pahm

32 Effect of Soybean Oil on SID of AA in SBM and SPC p e r c e n t * P < * * * * 80 Lys Met Thr Trp Without oil With oil 32

33 Heat Damage in Soybean Meal J. C. Gonzales-Vega

34 Maillard Reaction Lysine Shiff Bases Lys N H H Reactive Lys Lys N H Unreactive Lys Armadori Reduces Lys Digest. Melanoidins Reduces Lys conc. H. H. Stein

35 Heat Treatment of Soybean Meal Control Autoclaved SBM to 125 C for 15 min Autoclaved SBM to 125 C for 30 min Oven dried SBM to 125 C for 30 min L* a* Gonzalez-Vega et al., 2011

36 Effect of autoclaving time on AID & SID of Lys Linear effect P < Gonzalez-Vega et al.,

37 Effect on Lys/CP Soybean meal Item Control Autoclaved for 15 min Autoclaved for 30 min Oven dried for 30 min CP, % Lys Lys/CP, % Gonzalez-Vega et al.,

38 Conclusion on Heat Treatment Calculate Lys as % of crude protein in SBM If Lys is greater than 6.0% of crude protein, the meal is not damaged If Lys is less than 6.0% of crude protein, the meal is heat damaged H. H. Stein

39 Digestibility of P in SBM

40 Phosphorus in SBM Item SBM, Dehulled Total P 0.66% Phytate, % 1.51% Phytate P 0.43% Non-Phytate P 0.23% 40

41 Effect of Phytase on STTD of P in SBM SBM -Phy +Phy Rojas and Stein, 2012

42 Energy in Soybean meal 42

43 ME of Dehulled SBM Average ME: 4,017 ± 194 kcal/kg DM H. H. Stein

44 DE and ME of SBM (kcal/kg DM) Item DE ME ME/DE, % Illinois, ,292 4, NRC, ,094 3, Difference H. H. Stein

45 New Soybean Products in Diets for Weanling Pigs

46 Soybeans and Soybean Meal Soybeans Moisture,% 10.0 Minerals,% 5.0 Fat, % 19.0 Protein, % 35.0 Sugar, o-sacch., % 16.0 Fiber and others, % 15.0 SBM, dehulled SBM, not de-hulled

47 Sugar and Oligosaccharides Free sugars: 4.0% Sucrose: 8.0% Galacto-oligosaccharides: 6.5% Raffinose 1.2% Stachyose 5.0% Verbascose 0.3% 47

48 Effect of Stachyose Weanling pigs, 21 d post-weaning a b c ADG, kg ADFI, kg Control 1% Stach. 2% Stach. Liying et al.,

49 Effect of Stachyose Weanling pigs, 21 d post-weaning a b c F:G Diarrhea, % Control 1% Stach. 2% Stach. Liying et al.,

50 Soybeans with no Oligosaccharides Select soybeans with low concentration of oligosaccharides Remove genes for oligosaccharides Remove oligosaccharides after crushing When oligosaccharides are removed, the concentration of sugar and protein is usually increased. 50

51 Removal of Oligosaccharides via Fermentation or Enzymatic Hydrolysis

52 Fermentation of SBM

53 Development of Hamlet Protein Heat treated dehulled and defatted SBM Treatment with a proprietary blend of enzymes Drying Milling Enzyme inactivation Hamlet Protein Products

54 Amino acid digestibility of fermented and enzyme treated soybean meal Dr. Cervantes-Pahm

55 Sucrose and Oligosaccharides Conv. SBM HP 300 PepSoyGen Sucrose Stachyose Raffinose Cervantes-Pahm and Stein,

56 Protein Concentration (%) Conv. SBM HP 300 PepSoyGen Protein Cervantes-Pahm and Stein,

57 AA Digestibility (%) Measured in weanling pigs (10-25 kg) Conv. SBM HP 300 PepSoyGen 70 ab b a a b ab 65 Lys Met Thr Cervantes-Pahm and Stein,

58 Digestibility of Energy in enzyme treated SBM Kurtis Goebel 58

59 ME, kcal/kg DM HP 200 HP 310 SBM Corn ME Goebel and Stein, 2011

60 Digestibility of P, AA and Energy in Fermented SBM Oscar Rojas 60

61 Fermented SBM: STTD of P, % Source of SBM Phytase, P < 0.01 Rojas and Stein, 2012

62 % Digestibility of Lys, % FSBM SBM-CV Fish meal P > 0.24 SBM Phytase, P < 0.01 Rojas and Stein, 2012

63 Digestibility of Met, % SBM Phytase, P < 0.01 Rojas and Stein, 2012

64 % Digestibility of Thr, % FSBM SBM-CV Fish meal SBM Phytase, P > P 0.14 < 0.01 Rojas and Stein, 2012

65 Fermented SBM: DE and ME, DM basis P < 0.01 Rojas and Stein, 2012

66 Growth Performance Studies with PepSoyGen

67 Growth Performance Studies with PepSoyGen Oscar J. Rojas

68 Diets, Day 0-14 Pos. Cont. Neg. Cont. No Fish No whey All PSG Corn, % Whey, % SBM, % Fish meal, % PepSoyGen, % Lys HCL, % Rojas and Stein,

69 Common phase 2 diet, d Item % Corn, % SBM, % 29.0 Fish meal, % 0 PepSoyGen, % 0 Whey, % 0 Lys HCL, % 0.36 Rojas and Stein,

70 Average Daily Gain PC NC No fish No whey All PSG 0 Day 0-14 Day Day 0-35 Rojas and Stein,

71 Feed:Gain PC 1.45 NC a b c a b c a c No fish No whey All PSG 1.25 Day 0-14 Day Day 0-35 Rojas and Stein,

72 Exp. 2, Performance a b b b b

73 Conclusions

74 Conclusions Soybean meal is the premier source of amino acids in diets fed to swine Favorable amino acid composition relative to requirement of pigs High concentration of digestible amino acids in soybean meal Soybean meal can furnish all additional AA in diets fed to pigs above 20 kg 74

75 Conclusions, continued Soybean meal also contains Ca and P Digestibility of P much greater than previously determined May be increased in phytase is included in the diet The concentration of DE and ME in soybean meal is greater than in corn The energy value of soybean meal greater than book values 75

76 Conclusions, cont. Fermented or Enzyme treated Soybean meal may be used in diets for weanling pigs Do not contain oligosaccharides May replace fish meal or other animal protein sources Many new products coming to the market 76

77 Thank you for your attention H. H. Stein