Organic Fungicides: What do we know about what really works?

Transcription

1 Organic Fungicides: What do we know about what really works? Meg McGrath Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Sciences Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section Long Island Horticultural Research and Extension Center Riverhead, New York. Cornell University is an equal opportunity, affirmative action educator and employer.

2 Organic Fungicides Most have contact ac3vity; some induce resistance. Plant diseases can be difficult to manage, especially when condi3ons are favorable. Best to use preven3ve spray program. Maximize coverage on leaf underside. Use 3ght spray interval. Integrated program oeen befer. Most effec3ve for powdery mildews. Effec3ve for bacterial diseases. Root diseases?

3 Fungicide Heard of this Have used it Was this fungicide effec3ve? Yes Some3mes Don t know Serenade 50.0% 16.7% 16.7% 0.0% 5.6% Copper 50.0% 22.2% 11.1% 0.0% 5.6% OxiDate 27.8% 16.7% 11.1% 5.6% 0.0% Regalia 18.8% 12.5% 6.3% 0.0% 6.3% MilStop 25.0% 6.3% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% Ac@novate 23.5% 11.8% 0.0% 11.8% 11.8% Mycostop 29.4% 5.9% 0.0% 0.0% 11.8% Sulfur 58.8% 11.8% 0.0% 0.0% 11.8% Organocide 12.5% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 6.3% Neem oil Responses to pre- workshop survey by afendees. Yes

4 Organic Fungicides Being used: Serenade, Copper, OxiDate, Regalia, MilStop, Mycostop, Sulfur, Organocide, Neem oil Not being used: BacStop, Bio- Tam, Cease, Companion, Contans, Double Nickel, EF 400, JMS Stylet- Oil, Kaligreen, KeyPlex, MeloCon, Mildew Cure, M- Pede, Prestop, Procidic, Promax, RootShield, SoilGard, Sonata, Taegro, TerraClean, Trilogy, TriTek, Zonix. New: LifeGard, Timorex Gold

5 Product Evalua3ons

6 Product Evalua3ons

7

8

9 hfp:// livegpath. cals.cornell. edu/

10

11

12

13 Spinach Downy Mildew TREATMENT Affected leaves % Control %_ Untreated 69 Procidic 15 fl oz Procidic 20 fl oz Timorex Gold 27.4 fl oz Conven@onal fungicide (Ac@gard 0.75 oz) M. Matheron, AZ. 2016, PDMR 11:V002. Applica@ons on 4 and 11 March; symptoms seen on 6 March. Disease rated on March.

14

15 White Mold

16 Tomato White Mold

17 Contans Efficacy for White Mold Decline in quan3ty of viable sclero3a to zero by four months. Effec3ve applied before field plan3ng in 5 of 6 studies (Sclero'nia sclero'orum). Effec3ve applied before field plan3ng in 1 of 3 studies (Sclero'nia minor). Ineffec3ve used in high tunnel. Too hot?

18 Contans Efficacy for White Mold Decline in quan3ty of viable sclero3a to zero by four months. Effec3ve applied before field plan3ng in 5 of 6 studies (Sclero'nia sclero'orum). Effec3ve applied before field plan3ng in 1 of 3 studies (Sclero'nia minor). Ineffec3ve used in high tunnel. Too hot?

19 Cucurbit Powdery Mildew Organic Fungicides Ac3novate Companion Double Nickel LifeGard Serenade Sonata Ac3ve ingredient: Microbial Natural substance Not biopes3cide copper sulfur mineral oil BacStop EF400 Kaligreen M- Pede Mildew Cure MilStop Organocide OxiDate Procidic Regalia Sil- Matrix Sporatec Timorex Gold Trilogy

20 Cucurbit Downy Mildew Organic Fungicides Ac3novate Double Nickel LifeGard Serenade Sonata Ac3ve ingredient: Microbial Natural substance Not biopes3cide copper BacStop EF400 MilStop Organocide OxiDate Regalia Sporatec Timorex Gold Trilogy Zonix

21 Cucurbit Powdery Mildew Organic Fungicides Ac3novate Companion Double Nickel LifeGard Serenade Sonata Taegro * No data found Always Effec3ve Usually Effec3ve Less Effec3ve Ineffec3ve copper sulfur - best mineral oil * Not labeled for powdery mildew BacStop EF400 Kaligreen M- Pede Mildew Cure MilStop Organocide OxiDate Procidic Regalia Sil- Matrix Sporatec Timorex Gold Trilogy

22 Cucurbit Downy Mildew Organic Fungicides Ac3novate Companion * Double Nickel LifeGard Serenade Sonata Taegro * No data found Always Effec3ve Usually Effec3ve Less Effec3ve Ineffec3ve copper * Not labeled for downy mildew BacStop EF400 MilStop Organocide OxiDate Regalia Sil- Matrix * Sporatec Timorex Gold Trilogy Neem oil Zonix

23 Pickling Type Cucumber Varieties Downy Mildew Variety Severity (%) Calypso ( old resistance) 3.0 Feisty ( old resistance) 6.1 Jackson Classic ( old resistance) 6.0 Wainwright Classic ( old resistance) 6.3 Sassy ( old resistance) 8.4 Straight Eight (no resistance) 52.4 Treated weekly with Organocide + copper.

24 Angular Leaf Spot - Zucchini

25 Organic Fungicides - Bacterial Diseases Copper Botanical oils: BacStop, Timorex Gold. Microbial: Serenade. Other natural substances: KeyPlex, Procidic, Regalia. Bacterial leaf spot in pumpkin: Regalia, Serenade, copper, Sonata, and Ac@novate effec@ve in at least 1 of 2 trials.

26 Plectosporium Blight: Pumpkin, Squash Nothing labeled No

27 Basil Downy Mildew ellow banding on upper urface opposite dark pores produced on lower.

28 Basil Downy Mildew Labeled Organic Fungicides * Double Nickel MilStop * Oxidate * Procidic * Regalia * Trilogy * Other Products Tested copper Companion Organocide Serenade * Sporatec Sonata * Sil- Matrix * Timorex Gold * Some efficacy in at least one trial; not adequate.

29 Bacterial speck Tomato Foliar Diseases Powdery mildew Septoria leaf spot Early blight

30 Fungicide Efficacy - Tomato Powdery Mildew Incidence Treatment 22 Sep 29 Sep 6 Oct Nontreated 7 a 14 a 72 a Taegro 5 ab 11 a 51 b Actinovate AG 2 bc 4 b 28 c Companion 1 cd 1 de 8 de Regalia SC 0 cd 0 def 3 e Sporatec AG 1 cd 3 bc 26 cd Organocide 1 cd 1 def 2 e Kocide d 0 def 0 e Conventional STD 0 d 0 f 0 e

31 Fungicide Efficacy - Tomato Septoria Leaf Spot Incidence Treatment 22 Sep 29 Sep 6 Oct Nontreated 3 22 ab 88 a Taegro 4 25 a 77 ab Actinovate AG 1 10 abcd 45 c Companion 2 6 cde 45 c Regalia SC 1 5 cde 43 c Sporatec AG 2 17 abc 64 abc Organocide 1 8 bcd 47 c Kocide de 12 d Conventional STD 0 1 e 0 d

32 Fungicide Efficacy - Tomato Septoria Leaf Spot Incidence Treatment 29 Sep 6 Oct Nontreated 22 ab 88 a Regalia SC 5 cde 43 c Regalia alt. Kocide (copper) 3 de 14 d Organocide (2 oz/gal) 8 bcd 47 c Organocide + Kocide (lo rates) 4 de 13 d Kocide 3000 ( lb/a) 3 de 12 d Conventional STD 1 e 0 d

33 Fungicide Efficacy - Tomato Septoria Leaf Spot Incidence Treatment 17 Sep 23 Sep 29 Sep Nontreated 61 abc 74 a 94 ab Taegro 41 bcde 50 abcd 93 ab Actinovate 37 bcdef 44 abcde 85 abcd Companion 30 cdef 45 abcd 90 ab Regalia SC 68 ab 72 a 92 ab Sporatec AG 68 ab 71 a 86 abc Organocide 52 abcd 56 abc 89 abc Kocide def 28 cde 71 b-f Conventional STD 6 f 11 e 41 g

34 Biopesticides Common Tomato Diseases Actinovate - broadly labeled; inc Alternaria + Phytophthora BacStop - Bacterial speck Companion - Bacterial spot, early blight, late blight Double Nickel 55 Bacterial speck, early blight, late blight LifeGard - Bacterial speck, early blight, late blight MilStop Anthracnose, early blight, Septoria leaf spot Organocide - broadly labeled Oxidate Anthracnose, bacterial speck, early blight, late blight, leaf mold Regalia Bacterial speck, early blight, late blight Serenade Anthracnose, bacterial speck, early blight, late blight Sonata Early blight, late blight Timorex Gold - Anthracnose, bacterial diseases, early blight, late blight Trilogy Anthracnose, early blight Zonix Late blight

35 Biopesticides Common Tomato Diseases Actinovate - Bacterial speck, early blight, Septoria leaf spot, late blight BacStop - Bacterial spot Companion - Bacterial spot, early blight, late blight, Septoria leaf spot Double Nickel 55 Bacterial speck, early blight, late blight, leaf mold MilStop Anthracnose, early blight, Septoria leaf spot Organocide - Septoria leaf spot Oxidate Anthracnose, bact l speck, early blight, late blight, leaf mold Serenade Anthracnose, bacterial spot, early blight, late blight Sonata Early blight, late blight Trilogy Anthracnose, early blight Regalia Anthracnose, Bacterial speck, early blight, late blight, Septoria leaf spot, leaf mold Zonix Late blight, leaf mold No results found Effective Usually effective Less effective Ineffective

36 Organic Fungicides - Tomato Diseases Anthracnose Serenade, Trilogy, Regalia, MilStop, Oxidate (fruit infected when green). Limited data, nothing effec@ve. Early blight Sporatec, Companion or Double Nickel or Serenade or Sonata, Ac@novate, Regalia, MilStop, Oxidate, Trilogy. Limited data, Sporatec effec@ve. Powdery mildew Sulfur (Microthiol Disperss low rate), Milstop or Kaligreen or M- Pede, Mildew Cure or Thyme Guard or Timorex Gold or JMS Stylet- oil or TriTek, Double Nickel, Regalia, Oxidate, Trilogy. Break between S and oil. Septoria leaf spot MilStop. Ac@novate, Companion, Regalia not specifically labeled but some efficacy. Fusarium wilt

37 Organic Fungicides Most have contact ac3vity; some induce resistance. Plant diseases can be difficult to manage, especially when condi3ons are favorable. Best to use preven3ve spray program. Maximize coverage on leaf underside. Use 3ght spray interval. Integrated program oeen befer. Most effec3ve for powdery mildews. Effec3ve for bacterial diseases. Root diseases?

38