Studies Testing Parasiticides in Pets:

Transcription

1 Epidemiological Data: Conducting Field Studies Testing Parasiticides in Pets Hellmann, K.*, T. Knoppe*, L. Bettinelli* and C. Epe** KLIFOVET AG, Munich, Germany Veterinary School, Institute for Parasitology, Hanover, Germany 18th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology Stresa, August Studies Testing Parasiticides in Pets: Twelve studies: 6 in Dogs, 6 in Cats Endoparasites: 3 in Dogs, 3 in Cats Ectoparasites: 3 in Dogs, 3 in Cats Period: 1997 to 2001 Enrolment periods: 1 month up to 1 year 2

2 Monitoring Efforts Intensive Training Frequent Visits Daily/Regular Contact to Investigators Motivation of Investigators All studies strictly conducted to GCP 3 Studies on Endoparasites: Monitored 87 investigators (68 enrolled) 2 Laboratories involved (F, D) 5581 Faecal samples screened 514 Patients enrolled Concentrate on Endoparasite Studies as Ectoparasite work was presented in Copenhagen 4

3 Some Data on the Challenge to Conduct Field Studies Active Investigators Patients enrolled per Active Practice Completers versus Non-Completers Reasons for Non-Completers 5 Percent Active Practices 100% 90% 80% % non-active Practices % active Practices 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Studies 6

4 Patients enrolled per Active Practice per Study 6,8 6, ,7 8,2 10,9 6,5 7 Number of Patients enrolled per Practice/Month 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0, Studies 8

5 Patients Enrolled and Completed Number of patients enrolled Number of patients completed Studies 9 Percentage Completers 100,0 90,0 80,0 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0, Studies 10

6 Reasons for Non-Completers Under- / Overdosage Owner non-compliance Sample Inadequate Other Withdrawals Studies 11 Epidemiological Data Presenting data from 6 different studies Different study objectives, but always efficacy for Toxocara/Toxascaris involved Focus on Endoparasites McMaster technique used in all studies D: Bavaria and North-East F: Burgundi and South-East Data may underestimate certain parasites! 12

7 Prevalence of Endoparasite Infestations ,1 % 11,2 % 0 Dogs Cats 13 Prevalence of Nematodes in D and F (dogs) 100% 1,2% 5,0% 12,1% 90% 80% 70% 7,2% Ancylostomatidae T. canis / T. leonina Negative Samples 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 92,6% 80,9% 0% D Dog F Dog 14

8 Prevalence of Nematodes in D and F (cats) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 2,8% 10,3% 89,4% 12,5% 13,2% 85,0% Ancylostomatidae T. cati / T. leonina Negative Samples 0% D Cat F Cat 15 Endoparasites in Dogs (n = 260) 5,3 % Tc / Tl Anc Trich Isos Cap Taen Dipylidium ,1 % 67 0,6 % 0,2 % <0,1 % 0,2 % <0,1 % Worm Species 16

9 Endoparasites in Cats (n = 264) ,6 % 249 Tc, Tl Anc Dip Tae Diphy ,3 % 0,3 % 0,1 % <0,1 % Worm Species 17 Prevalence of Endoporasites in Dogs 6,0% 5,3% 5,0% 172 4,0% 3,0% 2,1% 2,0% 62 1,0% 0,2% 18 0,6% 0,2% Tc/Tl Anc Cest Trich Isos Cap 18

10 Prevalence of Endoporasites in Cats 12,0% 1 10,6% 249 8,0% 6,0% 4,0% 2,0% 0,3% 0,4% 0,1% 0,9% Tc/Tl Anc Cest Trich Isos Cap 19 Concurrent Flea Infestation 3 25,0% 26,6% 2 23,4% 22,5% 19,5% 15,0% 16,2% 1 5,0% 5,7% D-Dog 2000 F-Dog 2000 D-Cat 2000 F-Cat 2000 D-Cat 2001* Mean 20

11 35,0% Mixed Infestations in Dogs (1997: n = 29; 1998: n = 117; 2000: n = 143) 3 25,0% 2 15,0% 1 5,0% Mixed Infestations in Cats (D 2001: n = 68; D 2000: n = 148) 4,0% 3,7% 3,5% 3,0% 2,5% 2,0% 1,5% 1,0% 0,5% D 2001 D

12 Composition of Mixed Infestations in Dogs (n = 19) Toxocara - Ancylostoma / Taenia 12% Toxocara canis / Ancylostoma 6% Toxocara canis / Dypilidum 12% Toxocara canis / Trichuris 40% Toxocara, Ancylostoma / Isospora 18% Capillaria / Trichuris 6% Ancylostoma / Trichuris 6% 23 Reasons for Low Values Objective of Studies: focus on T. cati/cani Diagnosis using McMaster technique does not always reflect the total worm burden: Nematodes: No permanent excretion of Eggs Tapeworms: No permanent excretion of Eggs Observation of proglottides more frequent Negative sample does not allow final conclusion! 24

13 Age of Infested Dogs (n = 160) > 10 year 5% < 1 year 37% 1 year to 9 years 58% 25 Age of Infested Cats (n = 141) > 10 years 4% 1 year to 9 years 47% < 1 year 49% 26

14 Conclusions Monitored 87 investigators in F and D ~10 animals per site can be enrolled Dogs: 8.1 % positive faecal samples, 5.0 % Tc/Tl Cats: 11.2 % positive faecal samples, 10,3 % Tc/Tl Infestations present in all age-groups Mixed infestations of different worms occur, including tapeworms, but low prevalence Diagnostics for field work not ideal for tapeworm 19.5 % Concurrent flea infestations in dogs and cats Indications for broad spectrum parasiticides present Negative faecal egg count samples do not allow conclusions! 27 Thank You! All participating Vets in Germany and France Laboratoires Vebiotel, Paris, France Institute for Parasitology, Hanover, Germany Dr. Francis Pothier, Clermont-Ferrand, France Involved Sponsors as the legal owners of this data 28

15 Thank you! KLIFOVET AG Tel: Fax: klaus.hellmann@klifovet.com