Dr Ricardo Esquerra Senior R&D Manager, Novus International

Transcription

1 Dr Ricardo Esquerra Senior R&D Manager, Novus International Monogastric nutrition for breeders, broilers and layers Sponsored by: 1

2 Highlights in Poultry Nutrition Ricardo Esquerra, PhD Senior R&D Manager LATAM-AFRICA

3 Amino acid and energy nutrition strategies to improve profitability with modern broiler genetics

4 ($) Feed / ($) Live Chicken Ratio (2013) 4

5 Trial 1: Nutrient Density PROFILES 1-7d 8-18d 19-29d dig Lys dig Lys dig Lys LOW AA MID AA HIGH AA PROFILES 1-7d 8-18d 19-29d ME ME ME LOW ENERGY 3,004 3,054 3,152 MID ENERGY 3,050 3,100 3,200 HIGH ENERGY 3,096 3,147 3,248 5

6 Diet Description: Calculated vs Analyzed AA values 0 to 7d 7 to 18d 18 to 29d Trt ME AA ME Lys (analyzed) ME Lys (analyzed) ME Lys (analyzed) 1 Low Low (1.43) (1.29) (1,16) 2 Low Med (1.67) (1.50) (1,23) 3 Low High (1.85) (1.80) (1,45) 4 Med Low (1.49) (1.40) (1,18) 5 Med Med (1.71) (1.58) (1,26) 6 Med High (1.90) (1.75) (1,43) 7 High Low (1.44) (1.37) (1,20) 8 High Med (1.72) (1.62) (1,32) 9 High High (1.80) (1.90) (1,46) Calculated Total Lys Analyzed Total Lys 6

7 Weight gain of female Cobb birds at 29d of age 1,502 Body Weight Gain, Kg 1,502 1,491 1,487 1,478 1,481 HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW PROTEIN ENERGY 7

8 Feed Conversion of female Cobb birds at 29d of age FCR (Corrected) 1,554 c 1,503 b 1,510 b 1,525 c 1,480 a 1,457 a HIGH MEDIUM LOW HIGH MEDIUM LOW PROTEIN ENERGY 8

9 AA levels: Cost Meat Produced (R$/ton Carcass) $4 000 $3.92 $3 800 $3.84 $3.85 $3.80 $3.70 $3.68 $3 600 $3.47 $3.46 $3.43 $3.45 $3.46 $3.42 $3 400 $3.32 $3.27 $3.30 $3 200 $3 000 $2 800 Baseline High C Low S High High Low C High S Low Low High Prot. Mid Prot. Low Prot. 9

10 Conclusions Modern female birds responded linearly to high levels of AA and energy Increasing AA from Low (about current) to Mid levels could optimize feed utilization, and reduced meat costs in most scenarios tested In general, increasing energy brought about lower economic benefits 10

11 Managing non-digestible protein in broiler diets

12 Digestibility Improvements (%) Protease accelerated digestion in the GI tract 14,0 12,0 Proximal jej Distal jej Proximal ileum Distal ileum 10, ,0 6, ,0 2,0 0,0-2,0 Arg His Ile Leu Lys Met Phe Thr Val Ala Asp Glu Gly Pro Ser Tyr -4,0 12

13 The GUT 13

14 Effect of dietary CP and protease on ileal Clostridium perfringens 5,0 Ileal Clostridium perfringens (log cfu) a 4,0 Control Protease 3,0 b b b 2,0 1,0 Source of Variation P-value 0,0 Normal CP High CP CP Protease CPXProtease

15 Effect of dietary CP and protease on serum α-1-acid glycoprotein level Serum α-1-acid glycoprotein level Control Protease Source of Variation P-value 600 Low CP High CP CP Protease CPXProtease

16 Effect of dietary CP and protease on gut growth efficiency Duodenum crypt villus ratio 0,14 0,137 0,13 0,12 0,127 0,115 Control Protease 0,11 0,10 0,09 0,08 Low CP 0,099 High CP Source of Variation P-value CP Protease CPXProtease

17 Effect of dietary CP and protease on performance index 270 Performance index at day Control Protease Normal Low CP CP High CP Performance Index = ((Livability*((Body Weight*1000) /Day of study)*10)/ (Feed to Gain corrected for dead bird weight)). 17

18 Effect of protease addition in SMB or CSM based diets villi / crypt ratio control protease SBM soy CSM cotton Duod Jeju Ileu Duod Jeju Ileu Duod P < Jeju P< Ileu P< 0.05 Period: 0-49d; 384 Birds Animal Feed Science and Technology (2008) 18

19 BWG (kg) Capacity of a Keratinase to Compensate Performance Losses in Low AA diets BWG With Protease Without Protease CP Reduction (%) Yan, F., et al., (2009) Corn-soy diets 19

20 Conclusions Undigested protein in the gut could cause gut dysbacteriosis by promoting Clostridium perfringens growth and reduced performance. Protease addition can alleviate these negative effects through improving protein digestion and gut morphology in broilers Therefore, could be a valiable tool to manage protein nutrition, optimizing resources and reducing production costs 20

21 Impact of Nutrition on Structural Health

22 Connective Tissue: Essential for Function Bundle of Collagen Fibers Elastin Fibers 22

23 Structure is a function of age Morien (1978) Anat. Embryol. 154:121 23

24 Structure and Age Tendon & Bone Strength A function of age Depends on Collagen Cross Linking Juvenile Adult Not yet developed Peak strength Geriatric Degeneration Bellairs & Osmond (1998) Atlas of Chick Development 24

25 Embryos develop on egg reserves J11 Zn Cu Mn J19 Collagen (blue) Ossification (red) Bones develop on a collagen matrix Zn, Cu and Mn coenzyme (Bellairs & Osmond, 2005) 25

26 % of progeny Breeders nutrition & progeny quality at 47 days Breeder feed : ITM: 125 Zn, 25 Cu, 125 Mn HMTBa-Chelates 30% replacement of ITM % (P < 0.008) Sulfates Chelates Gait score (Kestin 1992 modified Webster 2008) 0= good walk / 1 = walk with limp / 2 = no walk (Oviedo - North Carolina State U. 2009) 26

27 Broiler Breeder Hens: Carcass Effects Effects of Body Weight and Feed allocation During Sexual Maturation in Broiler Breeder Hens. R.A. Renema Breast Muscle Percentage At Sexual Maturity Abourachid, 1993; Emmerson et al, 1997; Nestor et al, Renema et al, Poult Sci 78:619 27

28 Foot Pad Damage and Infection Keratinized Layers Living Epithelium Dermis Healthy Foot Pad Damaged Foot Pad 28

29 Lameness (Bone Health) is currently the 4 th most prevalent health issue in US broiler Industry Financial loss estimated at $120,000,000/year in USA (Cook, 2000) All top 4 issues associated with Barrier Health 29

30 Partial condemnations due to skin problems 30

31 Gut Strength and Connective Tissue Lamina Propria Epithelium Elastin Muscularis Smooth Muscle Movat, 400x Collagen 31

32 Carcass Condemnation Related to Intestinal Breaking Strength 32

33 Collagen Crosslinking and Dietary Copper Dietary Cu above that required for optimum performance was associated with increased chick tendon lysyl oxidase activity and tendon Cu was correlated with enzyme activity (r² = 0.88). Rucker et al., J. Nutr.129:

34 Trial 1: Results at Processing Plant (Involved about 9.2 M Broilers) SEX MALES FEMALE GENERAL HMTBA- HMTBA- HMTBA- TREATMENT Chelate Control Chelate Control Chelate Control Breast Derm. 0.58% 0.85% 0.54% 0.92% 0.56% 0.88% New Scratches 12.17% 14.53% 7.65% 9.60% 10.01% 12.29% Old Scratches 7.38% 8.40% 4.64% 5.42% 6.07% 7.05% Foot pad lesions 4,20% a 12,35% b 12,32% a 19,64% b 8,08% a 15,67% b Contamination 6,64% a 8,24% b 6,55% a 8,13% b 6,60% a 8,19% b 34

35 PERFORMANCE Trial 1: Performance Results (Involved about 9.2 M Broilers) SEX MALES FEMALES GENERAL TREATMENT Chelate Control Chelate Control Chelate Control BW (g) 2,979 2,930 2,785 2,850 2,886 2,893 MORT (%) 3,95% 3,97% 1,92% a 2,48% b 2,98% 3,28% BWG (g/d) 67,5 a 66,1 b 57,1 57,8 62,5 62,2 Feed Conversion 1,703 a 1,720 b 1,854 1,831 1,775 1,771 35

36 Conclusions Structural health problems are diverse involving a large number of tissues The way structural problems manifest themselves spreads from farm to fork involving different Departments within poultry operations Therefore, quantifying losses could be hard but there lays opportunity to reduce losses 36

37 Conclusions Nutritional interventions, such as the use of more bioavailable mineral sources, can improve structural health with benefits in parameters such as: Shell quality, hatchability, chick quality, performance, mortality, foot pad lesions, skin scars, breast blisters, carcass contamination, artritis, cellulitis, dermatitis, and???? These improvements collectively could increase profitably 37

38 Ways to potentially optimize resources and increase profitability Amino acid and energy nutrition strategies Manage non-digestible protein Corn/SBM based diets Complex diets Manage structural health 38