Background. GHG Gasses from Swine 7/20/2012. Nutritional Effects on Nutrient Excretion and Gas Emissions and the Carbon Footprint of Swine

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1 Nutritional Effects on Nutrient Excretion and Gas Emissions and the Carbon Footprint of Swine Brian Richert Background Animals are the point source of manure production and gas emissions Feed management can be a valuable component Potential for a positive economic and environmental impact on animal production through nutrition Help to reduce the threat of pollution GHG Gasses from Swine CO 2 Methane 21 times CO 2 Nitrogen compounds Nitrous oxide 31 times CO 2 Production, Manure Storage and Manure Land Application 1

2 Diet Manipulation Approaches Provide balance of digestible nutrients based upon genetic growth potential and stage of growth to reduce excretion levels Alter microflora in GIT to inhibit certain strains/alter fermentation patterns Change diet to affect physical characteristics of urine and feces Change the physical characteristics of the diet Feeding Management Precision nutrition Phase feeding Split-sex feeding Synthetic amino acids Dietary enzymes Balancing for digestible nutrients Pellets vs. mash Particle size Feeder design Waterer type Feed additives Undigested Feed Compounds Undigested CHO and protein Cellulose and hemicellulose Acetic, propionic, and butyric acids Methane production Protein or peptides broke down Ammonium N Branched chain VFAs Compounds produced in storage are likely a greater problem than fresh excretion 2

3 ppm Reducing Dietary CP 2 GF pigs, initial BW = 92.3 kg (avg. 11 kg final BW) week feeding 13.1% CP.2%TID lys or 1.2%CP,.9%TID Lys No Syn Amino Acids 9.7% CP,.2%TID Lys or 1.6% CP,.9% TID Lys % Lys,.7-.9% Thre,.22-.2% Tryp Similar Mod. ME = 3316 and 331/kg for B and G Hill et al., 22 Week Aerial NH 3 and Hydrogen Sulfide S.E Diet = P<. Diet = P<.3 Diet = P<.7 Diet = P< hr room hr exhaust NH NH 3 3 Control Ammonia Low CP Hydrogen Sulfide Conclusion Pigs fed LCP (3.% CP reduction + AA) diets had a similar overall ADG (78 vs. 79 g/d), ADFI (2.6 vs. 2.6 kg/d), and G:F (.3 vs..297) when compared to control The feeding of a LCP diet lowered room aerial ammonia by 6.%, exhaust ammonia by 2.2% (13. vs ppm), and reduced hydrogen sulfide levels by 36% Stored manure from pigs fed LCP had 3% less total-n and ammonium-n, reduced ph and some VFAs LCP fed pigs had 3 mm greater loin depth and 1 mm greater backfat 3

4 Fiber Additions Fiber addition -- shift in N excretion pattern from urinary N to fecal N (Mroz, et al. 1993) Cellulose and low CP/syn. AA diet reduced slurry ph (Sutton et al., 1998) Dietary soybean hull; sugar beet pulp; wheat midds Lower ammonia emission (Canh, 1998) Reduce Manure ph (Hankins, et al., 21) Dietary Fibers Affect Stored Manure Ammonia Emissions Ammonium N, % DM 1% CP 11% CP+AA 11% CP+AA+1% SBH 11%CP+AA+ 1% SBP Combination of Nutrition Technologies Combine multiple dietary manipulation strategies to reduce nutrient excretion and aerial pollutant levels Low crude protein/amino acid supplemented Fiber added Non-sulfur mineral in premix High available phosphorus corn and phytase

5 ppm Diets One room received a corn-soy diet (11.% CP,.8% Dig. Lys; CONT) with supplemental synthetic Lys-HCl (.1%). Or a reduced CP diet (8.2% CP,.8% Dig. Lys; HRP) formulated with high-available P corn, with the addition of % soybean hulls, 3 PU/kg phytase, non-sulfur TM premix and supplemental synthetic Lys-HCl (.%), L-Trp (.%), and L-Thr (.72%). Gilts -.1% Dig. Lys Aerial Ammonia Concentration CV= P<.9 P< P< P< room exhaust room exhaust Week Week 6 HRP CONT Combination of Technologies Comparing a control diet to a reduced crude protein diet with % soy hulls (fiber), HAP corn, phytase, and low sulfur minerals resulted in: Growth and carcass qualities were the same Reduced aerial ammonia by % Hydrogen sulfide was reduced by 8% Reduced ammonium and total N in manure by 28-31% Reduced P in the manure pit was % Reduced Odor Detection by 3% Kendall, et al. 2