Energy Value of Corn Milling Co-Products in Swine B. J. Kerr, USDA-ARS / P. V. Anderson, Iowa State University / G. C. Shurson, University of

Transcription

1 Energy Value of Corn Milling Co-Products in Swine B. J. Kerr, USDA-ARS / P. V. Anderson, Iowa State University / G. C. Shurson, University of Minnesota

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3 Corn Nutrient DDGS 57.1 Starch Crude Protein Lysine (total) Crude Fat 10.6 Neutral 6.7 Detergent Fiber Phosphorus 0.75

4 Comparison of Dietary Fiber Methodology Campbell et al., 1997 Method Beet pulp Corn bran Oat fiber Soy polysaccharide NDF (van Soest) TDF (Prosky( Prosky) NSP (Englyst( Englyst)

5 Beyond Fiber? Arabinose Rhamnose Galactose Glucose Xylose Mannose Fucose Campbell et al., 1997/Sem. Food Anal. 2:43 Kim et al., 2008/Bioresource Technol. 99:5165 What is the degree of functional redundancy in microbes producing SCFA?

6 Dietary Fiber and Energy Utilization Manure Starch Digestion Fiber Digestion Diet Modification E from SCFA to NE m ranges from 15 to 24% for gf pigs (Dierick et al., 1989; Yen et al., 1991; McBurney & Sauer, 1993) E from microbial fermentation accounts for 2.4 to 29.6% of total DE (Jensen, 2001) Available E as SCFA provides between 7.1 and 17.6% of the total available E (Anguita et al., 2006)

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8 Quality Technology International

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11 Production Facility Biodiesel plant overview Tank Farm Railcar area 18.7% Oil Pre-treatment Loadout & Receiving Office Laboratory 9 bu Ethanol delivers 25% more energy than input E while biodiesel delivers 93% more energy than input E. (PNAS 103: ) Methanol NaOH KOH (Na methylate) 160 o F for 1-8 hours

12 Corn Fractionation/Processing DDGS Reduced oil DDGS Corn germ with or without oil DDG Solubles/stillage/liquor Corn bran with or without S HP-DDG Corn germ meal Corn gluten meal Corn gluten feed Corn oil Corn starch Dehulled degermed corn

13 Corn Nutrient dcgm 16.3 Crude Protein 16.3 DDGS Lysine (total) Crude Fat Neutral Detergent Fiber 0.31 Phosphorus Phosphorus 0.92 HP-DDG Bran

14 Evaluation of corn co-products in finishing pigs (preliminary data) 1 ADFI, kg Fecal DM Energy, kcal/kg Ingredient BW, kg Basal Test output, g/d digest, % 2 DE 2 ME 2 Gluten feed Bran (ICM) Bran (Poet) DDGS (ACE) DDGS (MNdrum) DDGS (MNmicro) DDGS (Hawk) DDGS (Poet) DDGS (VS) RO-DDGS (VS) Gluten meal HP-DDG (ICM) HP-DDG (MOR) HP-DDG (Poet) DCG (Poet) Germ meal Solubles (20%) DH-DG corn Starch Oil (10%)

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16 Comparative ME values, kcal/kg DM Corn Starch Oil Anderson NRC Moeser Pedersen 2007 Widmer

17 Variation in ME content of DDGS Corn = P3989 A3771 (3830 Spiehs) ME, kcal/kg DM P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 DDGS Sample

18 Prediction of DE, ME, or NE from Feed Components Drennan & Maguire, 1970 (DE) Harris et al., 1972 (ME) Morgan et al., 1975 (DE, ME) King & Taverner,, 1975 (ME) Henry, 1976 (DE) Kirchgessner & Schneider, 1978 (NE( fat ) Batterham et al., 1980 (DE) Jorgensen, 1980 (ME) Perez et al., 1980 (DE) Wiseman & Cole, 1979 (DE, ME) Eeckhout & Moermans,, 1981 (DE, ME, NE Kirchgessner & Roth, 1981 (ME) Wenk,, 1982 (DE) Just et al., 1984 (DE, ME, NE) Noblet & Perez, 1993 (DE, ME) Noblet et al., 1994 (DE, ME, NE) Adedokun & Adeola, 2005 (ME for M&B) Pederson et al., 2007 (DE, ME) NE growth )

19 Nutrients to analyze, but note there is variation in determination of components within a feedstuff! DM GE CP Starch EE Ash CF NDF ADF ADL

20 Factors Affecting Energy Utilization DE 28 = 1,161 + (0.749 GE) (4.3 Ash) (4.1 NDF) ME 45 = (0.997 DE) (0.68 CP) + (0.23 EE) ME 45 ME/DE 100 = 99.7 (0.18 %CP) Morgan et al., 1975 ME/DE NE 8 = (0.726 ME) + (1.33 EE) + (0.39 ST) (0.62 CP) (0.83 ADF) Noblet & Perez, 1993/JAS 71:3389 Noblet et al., 1994/JAS 72:344

21 Prediction of ME (Anderson data) ME = -11,128 ( ash)+ (35.76 CP) (63.40 EE) ( ADF) + (14.85 NDF) + (3.023 GE) ME = 4,194 (9.2 ash) + (1.0 [Pedersen et al., 2007/JAS 85:1168] ash) + (1.0 CP) + (4.1 EE) (3.5 NDF) [Noblet[ & Perez, 1993/JAS 71:3389] Actual Pedersen07 Noblet35 ME, kcal/kg DM ACE Drum Micro Hawkeye Poet VeraSun

22 ME of high protein corn co-products ME, kcal/kg DM Corn Corn gluten meal HP-DDG (ICM) HP-DDG (MOR) HP-DDG (POET) Corn HP-DDG (Pedersen) (POET) (Pedersen)

23 4000 ME of reduced oil corn co-products 3800 ME, kcal/kg DM Corn Corn germ meal DCG (Poet) DDGS (VeraSun) RO-DDGS (VeraSun) RO-DDGS (VeraSun) (Jacela)

24 ME of high and low fiber corn co-products ME, kcal/kg DM Corn Corn gluten feed Corn bran (ICM) Corn bran (POET) Dried solubles DHDG Corn

25 Fiber in Swine Diets o o o o o o Increase endogenous protein loss Increased mucin production (affects threonine nutrition) Decrease absorption of proteins and lipids Decrease urinary urea excretion (increased fecal N excretion) Lipid metabolism and meat quality Increase in intestinal mass (in some cases) Maintenance requirements increase Initial increase, may not be noted long term trial Increased heat increment (increased energy loss) Feed intake Variable effects (+ or -) Dealing with fiber in swine diets Feed low levels Enzymes Processing Genetics

26 Concerns with Co-Products Alternative feedstuffs. EtOH co-product variation Left with corn fiber and protein Energy removed for ethanol AND? Fat fraction remains for now! Removal of oil for biodiesel production is currently underway! Carcass quality concerns. Fat quality / Lipid composition. Pork nutritional value? Carcass yield. Oil content may soon be going down due to removal of oil for biodiesel! Positive impacts on whole animal and/or intestinal health? Inflammation. Ileitis severity. Mycotoxin concentration? Handling characteristics. Control DGGS

27 Feeding fermentable fibers will increase VFA concentrations in feces and manure and thereby reduce manure ph and ammonia emissions Acetic/4 Propionic Butyric Isobutyric Isovaleric Cresol Phenol Chan et al., 1998/JAS 76: 1123 & 1187 m m ol/g w et Low CP Low CP + Cellulose Manure DM output increase! CSBM = 302 g/d DDGS 30% = 430 g/d (+42%) Corn bran 30% = 521 g/d (+73%)

28 The research goal is to develop practical technologies resulting in improved gastrointestinal and whole-animal nutrient utilization and a modified microbial ecology (including pathogens) leading to a reduction of the impact of livestock production on the soil, water, and air environment.