Chapter 1- APRIL Internal organs of the body and their functions.

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1 Chapter 1- APRIL-2017 Internal organs of the body and their functions. I. Define 1. Organ system: When a few organs work together to perform a specific function in the body is called an organ system. 2. Digestion: The process by which consumed food gets converted into simpler forms is called digestion. 3. Respiration: It is the process of breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide. Respiratory system includes nose, wind pipe and lungs. II. Answer the following. 1. What are the functions of brain? Brain is the central controlling unit of the body. It controls all the sense organs and helps us to remember, learn and think. 2. What are the functions of skin? Skin acts as a protective cover for our body. It throws out excess water and salt from the body. It also helps in regulating body temperature. 3. Differentiate between arteries and veins. Arteries Arteries are blood vessels which carry oxygenated blood from heart to different parts of the body. Veins Veins are blood vessels which carry deoxygenated blood from different parts to heart.

2 4. What is excretory system and what are the major parts in excretory system? Excretory system is the system which helps us to throw out wastes from our body. It includes kidney, lungs and skin. Kidney throws out the waste in the form of urine. Lungs help to breathe out carbon dioxide and skin helps to throw out excess water and salt from the body. 5.Project Draw and label the digestive system.

3 CHAPTER- 2 - MAY 2017 IMPORTANT PARTS OF A PLANT AND THEIR FUNCTIONS I. Define the following 1. Photosynthesis The process by which green plants prepare their own food with the help of sunlight, carbon dioxide, water and a green pigment in the leaves,chlorophyll is called photosynthesis. 2. Annual plants Plants which have a lifespan of one season.eg: Wheat, paddy 3. Biennial plants Plants which complete their growth in two seasons.eg:-carrot, sugarcane 4. Perennial plants Plants which live for many years.eg:-neem,apple II.Answer the following 1. What are the two types of root? Differentiate between the two types of root with examples. Ans.The two main types of root are: i)taproot ii)fibrous root Taproot 1.These roots grow vertically into the soil and have branches Eg:Radish,carrot Fibrous root 1. These roots grow at ground level. They spread out in soil Eg:Maize,wheat 2. How are plants classified according to the type of stem they possess? Ans.Plants are classified according to the type of stem as: i) Herbs: Very small plants with soft stems.eg: Grass, mint ii) Shrubs: Short and bushy plants with hard stems.eg: Henna plant, rose plant

4 iii) Trees: They are big and tall plants with hard stems called trunk. Eg: Mango tree, banyan tree iv) Creepers: Plants with weak stem, crawl horizontally on an external support for growth.eg: Pumpkin, watermelon v) Climbers: Plants with weak and soft stem, need a support to grow vertically and stand straight.eg: Money plant, pea plant 3. What are parasites? Plants which do not have chlorophyll, cannot prepare their own food and depend on other plants for food are called parasites. Eg: All kinds of fungus III.Write the functions of the following 1. Root: Roots have following functions: i)absorption of water and nutrients from soil ii) Anchor plant tightly to the soil and prevent soil erosion iii) Store food and water 2. Stem: Helps in transporting water and minerals from the roots to different parts of a plant. 3. Stomata: Stomata are pores or outlets which release excess of water in the form of water vapour and oxygen from the plant. 4. Cotyledons: Cotyledons are two small soft structures present within the seed of the plant. They provide food to young plants.

5 CHAPTER 4 JUNE 2017 COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Define 1.Communicable diseases Diseases which are caused by different germs and spread from person to person through different mediums such as air,water,food or insects are called communicable diseases.eg: Common cold,chicken pox,cholera,malaria,etc. 2.Immunity The capacity or ability of the body to resist the attack of disease or infection is called immunity.immunity can be Answer the following 1.What are germs?give the names of germs and the diseases they cause. Ans.Germs are very small living organisms or micro organisms causing communicable diseases.some disease causing germs are bacteria,virus,fungi and protozoa. Diseases caused by bacteria: Cholera,malaria Diseases caused by virus: Common cold,chicken pox Diseases caused by protozoa: Malaria,dysentry

6 2.List the reasons which cause communicable diseases. Ans.i)Infected food and water ii)infected air iii)insects carrying germs iv)direct contact with patients v)cut or wound in the skin 3.List any three preventive measures against communicale diseases. Ans.i)We should keep our body clean by bathing daily and wearing clean clothes ii)we should drink clean,filtered preferably boiled water iii)vaccination should be taken at proper time after consulting doctor 4.What is vaccination?how does vaccination protect us against diseases? Ans.Vaccination is the process of injecting vaccine into the blood of an individual.this helps to stimulate the immune system by producing germ fighting substances in the body.thus vaccination helps to protect us against diseases. Some common vaccines are polio vaccine,mmr,dpt,etc. 5.Give the symtoms for the following diseases. a)whooping cough b)diphtheria c)jaundice d)cholera

7 Ans.Whooping cough: Dry and continuous cough,watery eyes,mild fever Diphtheria: Swelling of throat, ithching sensation in throat, breathing problem, fever Jaundice: Loss of appetite, vomiting tendency,nails,eyes and skin turns yellow, mild fever Cholera: Loose motion, vomiting

8 CHAPTER -3 - MAY-2017 FOOD AND HEALTH I Define 1. Balanced Diet: A diet which contains all the essential nutrients in the right quantity along with adequate quantity of water and roughage is called a balanced diet. 2. Nutrients: These are the essential substances needed for the proper growth, function and the development of our body. II Answer the following. 1. Write the difference between energy giving nutrients and protective nutrients. Ans.(a):Energy giving nutrients It contains carbohydrates and fats. Carbohydrates get burnt in the body and release energy Fats give us energy and warmth (b): Protective nutrients - It contains vitamins and minerals. Vitamins and minerals help the body to build an immune system against diseases and infections. Minerals also help to build strong bones, muscles, teeth and blood. 2. How is roughage useful for the body? From where do we get the roughage? Ans. Roughage is a part of food which cannot be digested; it helps in proper digestion and excretion in our body. We get roughage from plant foods. 3. What would happen if we do not include proteins in our food? Ans. Proteins are called body building nutrients. If we do not include proteins in our food, proper growth and repair of the cells will not take place. 4. We should drink 6 to 8 glasses of water every day. Give reason Ans.Water regulates body temperature. It helps in digestion and excretion. So we must drink water every day.

Bodies and Systems. What is your body made of?

Bodies and Systems. What is your body made of? What is your body made of? You might say that you are made of organs like skin and a heart. You might say that you are made of tissue, cells, or even atoms. All these answers are correct. Multicellular