JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL ACADEMIC RESEARCH FOR MULTIDISCIPLINARY Impact Factor 1.625, ISSN: , Volume 2, Issue 11, December 2014
|
|
- Cathleen Hood
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 COMPARISON OF ACTIVITY OF PECTINASE USING AGRICULTURAL WASTE SUBSTRATES A STUDY M.P.KUSUMA* DR M.V.V.CHANDANA LAKSHMI** *Assistant Professor, RBVRR College of Pharmacy, Osmania University, India **Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Andhra University, India ABSTRACT This paper deals with the estimation of pectinase activity using Saccharomyces cerevisiae inoculated on two agro-industrial residues, viz., black, and green gram husk alone and in combination with each other as substrates with the addition of nutrient substances to the media. The effect of inducers like Neurobion (a multivitamin solution of vitamins B 1, B 6, B 12 ; E-Merck India Limited) and citrus pectin on enzyme activity was also studied. Activity was estimated by both colorimetric assay and viscometric assay. It was found that pectinase activity was high when the two substrates were used in combination than when single substrate was used and maximum when Neurobion was added as inducer to the two substrates taken in combination. It can be inferred from the results that the husks, used as substrates, supply all the essential nutrients for the growth of the microorganism inoculated. Hence these substrates, which are agro-industrial wastes, can potentially be utilized for cheap and economic production of pectinase in a cheap and economic manner. KEYWORDS: Pectinase, Saccharomyces Cereviseae, Black Gram. INTRODUCTION Pectic substances and celluloses are the most abundant carbohydrates present in plants. Pectic substances like pectin, protopectin and pectic acids, present in cell wall and middle lamella, contribute firmness and structure to plant tissues. Pectins are the structural polysaccharides present in vegetable and fruit cells and are responsible for maintaining the plant tissues integrity. In pectic substances, d-galacturonicacid units are linked together by α- 1, 4-glycosidic linkages and the carbonyl side groups are esterified with methanol (Acuna- Arguelles,1995). This indicates that various forms of pectic substances are present in plant cells and for this reason pectinases exist in various forms. Pectic substances are widely distributed in fruits and vegetables (in turnips, peels of orange and in pulps of tomato, pineapple and lemon), hence they form important natural substrates for pectinases. The pectinases are further sub classified based on the nature of reaction. Endopectinases cleaves the substrate in random fashion while exopectinases cleaves in end-wise fashion 425
2 (Sathyanarayana et al., 2002). Pectinases are widely used in the food industry to clarify fruit juices and wine, to improve oil extraction, to remove the peel from citrus fruit, to increase the firmness of several fruits and to degum the fibers (Baker and Wicker, 1996; Chang et al., 1994). MATERIALS AND METHODS Microorganism: Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from the laboratory and identified by performing biochemical tests. Medium Preparation: The medium of composition given in the Table 1 is prepared in five different conical flasks. To the first flask, 8gm of wheat bran was added. To the second flask, 8gm of green gram were added. To the third flask 8gm each of wheat bran and green gram were added. To the fourth flask, 0.2gm of citrus pectin (0.5%) was added as inducer along with 8gm each of wheat bran and green gram, and To the fifth flask, mg of neurobion (27micrograms for 1gram) was added along with 8gm each of wheat bran and green gram. All five flasks were sterilized and a loopful of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture was inoculated aseptically and incubated at 30 o C for four days in an incubator (Des Raj Kashyap et al.,2003; Pandey et al.,2000). Table 1: Composition of the nutrient medium Materials gm/200ml Ammonium Sulfate 0.02 Magnesium Sulfate hepta hydrate 0.1 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1 Ferrous Sulfate hepta hydrate Yeast Extract 0.2 Enzyme Extraction To each of the flasks, 50ml of acetate buffer solution (ph4.4) was added. The flasks were then kept in a shaking incubator for 40min at 35 o C at 160rpm.The contents of all the five flasks were then filtered separately using What man filter paper. The filtrates were collected in five different conical flasks which were covered and labeled as M1, M2, M3, M4, M5 respectively corresponding to the order in which the substrates were taken. The residues collected after filtration was concentrated by repeated extraction. The conical flasks in which filtrates was collected were then labeled M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5 respectively as above. The conical flasks were stored in the refrigerator(kobayashi et al.,1996). 426
3 Estimation of enzyme activity Colorimetric assay Standard curve using d-galacturonic acid: 2ml of d-galacturonic acid solution of 10mg/ml strength was diluted to 100ml to obtain d- galacturonic acid of 0.2mg/ml. This was then confected with the DNS solution prepared earlier and distilled water as shown in table 3. The test tubes were then boiled for 10min, cooled and 10ml distilled water added to each tube.the OD of the contents of each test tube was then measured at 540nm using colorimeter and the standard curve of absorbance at 540nm against concentration d-galacturonic acid was plotted as shown in fig 2 (Des Raj Kashyap,2003). Determination of enzyme activity: 2.5ml of each of the five enzymes stored in the conical flasks labeled M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5 were taken in five different test tubes and enzyme activity was determined. The values noted (table 4). One unit of enzyme activity (U) was defined as the amount of enzyme which releases 1µmol of d-galacturonic acid per minute. Viscometric assay Viscometric assay for determination of activity of enzymes obtained is done by first measuring and noting the time required in the viscometer for each of the enzymes. Then the enzymes obtained are heat-inactivated by taking them in separate test tubes and boiling them in a water bath boiling at 90 degrees centigrade. The values are tabulated in the table 5 The activity is determined using the formula below: A = T a T (1) T a - T o Where A is the activity of the enzyme as already defined, T a is the time for heat-inactivated enzyme in the viscometer (sec), T o is the time for water in the viscometer (sec), T = {Blank Original} in seconds. The results are represented graphically in fig
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The selection of an ideal agro-biotech waste for enzyme production in a solid-state fermentation process depends upon several factors, mainly related with cost and availability of the substrate material. COLORIMETRIC ASSAY Five samples each containing 2.5ml of the extract was taken and enzyme activity was determined using DNS method. It can be seen that the activity of the enzyme labeled M5 (the medium containing wheat bran and green gram as substrate with neurobion as the inducer) is the greatest of all the enzymes obtained. The media M3 and M4 were showing equal and comparable activity. Fig 2: Standard Curve of galacturonic acid Table 4: Table of absorbance of the enzymes at 540nm and concentration of d-galacturonic acid obtained from standard curve: Flask Number Substrate Inducer Absorbance at 540nm M1 Black M2 Green M3 Black and green M4 Black and green Citrus Pectin M5 Black and green Neurobion Concentration of d-galacturonic acid, mg 428
5 Absorbance at 540nm M1' M2' M3' M4' M5' Type of medium used Fig 3: Graphical Representation of Results of Colorimetric Assay: ii) VISCOMETRIC ASSAY: Table 5: Results of viscometric assay Flask Substrate Inducer Time for Time for Activity Number ordinary enzyme, sec heatinactivated enzyme, sec M1 Black M2 Green M3 Black and green M4 Black and green Citrus Pectin M5 Black and green Neurobion CONCLUSION The present investigation relates to a simple, novel, low-cost process for the high-level production of alkaline pectinase from Saccharomyces cereviseae by using agricultural cheap substrate. Although a number of solid substrates have been used for the production of bacterial pectinases, combination of Black with inducer have never been used for pectinase production either in SSF or SmF systems. REFERENCES 1. Sathyanarayana. N.Gummadi, T.Panda, Process Biochemistry 38, 2003, Baker R.A., Wicker, L, Trends Food Science and Technology, 7, 1996, Chang, T.S., Siddiq, M., Sinha, N.K., Cash, J.N., Journal of Food Science 59, 1994,
6 4. Acuna-Arguelles, M.E., Gutierrez-Rojas, M., Viniegra-Gonzalez, G., and Favela-Torres, E. Applied and Microbiology Biotechnology 43, 1995, Des Raj Kashyap, Sanjeev Kumar Soni, Rupinder Tiwari, Bioresource Technology 88, 2003, Kobayashi M, Chiba Y, Funane K, Ohya S, Kao Y, Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 60, 1996, Pandey A, Soccol C.R., Nigam P, Soccol V.T., Process Biochemistry 74, 2000,
Effect of ph on the production of protease by Fusarium oxysporum using agroindustrial waste
Biotechnological Communication Biosci. Biotech. Res. Comm. 8(1): 78-83 (2015) Effect of ph on the production of protease by Fusarium oxysporum using agroindustrial waste Rupali R. Deshmukh and N. N. Vidhale*
More informationScreening of bacteria producing amylase and its immobilization: a selective approach By Debasish Mondal
Screening of bacteria producing amylase and its immobilization: a selective approach By Debasish Mondal Article Summary (In short - What is your article about Just 2 or 3 lines) Category: Bacillus sp produce
More informationPectinase Microplate Assay Kit User Manual
Pectinase Microplate Assay Kit User Manual Catalog # CAK1087 Detection and Quantification of Pectinase Activity in Tissue extracts, Cell lysate, Cell culture media and Other biological fluids Samples.
More informationEXTRACTION OF THERMO-STABLE ALPHA AMYLASE FROM FERMENTED WHEAT BRAN
BIOLOGIA 2001, 47 (1&2), PP 47 52 ISSN 0006 3096 EXTRACTION OF THERMO-STABLE ALPHA AMYLASE FROM FERMENTED WHEAT BRAN *HAMAD ASHRAF, IKRAM UL HAQ, AND JAVED IQBAL Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department
More informationOPTIMISATION OF XYLOSE PRODUCTION USING XYLANASE
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 8(2), 2010, 909-913 OPTIMISATION OF XYLOSE PRODUCTION USING XYLANASE T. SATHISH a and N. Y. S. MURTHY * Department of Biotechnology, Malla Reddy Engineering College, HYDERABAD (A.P.)
More informationAmylase Production from Potato and Banana Peel Waste
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (213) 2(11): 41-414 ISSN: 2319-776 Volume 2 Number 11 (213) pp. 41-414 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Amylase Production from Potato and Banana Peel Waste
More informationNational Standard of the People s Republic of China. National food safety standard. Determination of pantothenic acid in foods for infants and
National Standard of the People s Republic of China GB 5413.17 2010 National food safety standard Determination of pantothenic acid in foods for infants and young children, milk and milk products Issued
More information--> Buy True-PDF --> Auto-delivered in 0~10 minutes. GB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB5009.259-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net NATIONAL STANDARD GB OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA National food safety standard Determination
More informationMIXED XYLANASE, β-glucanase ENZYME PREPARATION, produced by a strain of HUMICOLA INSOLENS
MIXED XYLANASE, β-glucanase ENZYME PREPARATION, produced by a strain of HUMICOLA INSOLENS New specifications prepared at the 61st JECFA (2003) and published in FNP 52 Add 11 (2003). An ADI not specified
More informationCELLULASE from PENICILLIUM FUNICULOSUM
CELLULASE from PENICILLIUM FUNICULOSUM Prepared at the 55th JECFA (2000) and published in FNP 52 Add 8 (2000), superseding tentative specifications prepared at the 31st JECFA (1987) and published in FNP
More informationStudy on moisture content of substrate (Sesamum oil cake and Rice chaff) on the yield of Citric acid
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (14) 3(5): 138-144 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-776 Volume 3 Number 5 (14) pp. 138-144 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research
More informationINTERNATIONAL ŒNOLOGICAL CODEX. DETERMINATION OF BETA-GLUCANASE (ß 1-3, ß 1-6) ACTIVITY IN ENZYME PREPARATIONS (Oeno 340/2010, Oeno )
DETERMINATION OF BETA-GLUCANASE (ß 1-3, ß 1-6) ACTIVITY IN ENZYME PREPARATIONS (Oeno 340/2010, Oeno 488-2013) General specifications These enzymatic activities are usually present within a complex enzymatic
More informationIsolation and Screening of Aspergillus spp. for Pectinolytic Activity
Isolation and Screening of Aspergillus spp. for Pectinolytic Activity Anisa S.K., Ashwini S., Girish K.* Postgraduate Department of Microbiology, Maharani's Science College for Women, JLB Road, Mysore
More informationΒ-FRUCTOFURANOSIDASE ENZYME
KINETICS ANALYSIS OF Β-FRUCTOFURANOSIDASE ENZYME 2-The effects of enzyme concentration on the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction. Systematic names and numbers β-fructofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.26) Reactions
More informationR. VISWANATHAN and P. E. JAGADEESHBABU, Studies on the Production, Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 22 (4) (2008) 481
R. VISWANATHAN and P. E. JAGADEESHBABU, Studies on the Production, Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 22 (4) 481 489(2008) 481 Studies on the Production of Pectinase from Tamarind Kernel Powder by Submerged Fermentation
More informationPartial purification and characterization of a pectin lyase produced by Penicillium oxalicum in solid-state fermentation (SSF)
Indian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 4, October 2005, pp 501-505 Partial purification and characterization of a pectin lyase produced by Penicillium oxalicum in solid-state fermentation (SSF) Sangeeta Yadav
More informationBIOL 305L Laboratory Four
Please print Full name clearly: BIOL 305L Laboratory Four An investigation of biochemical changes to tomato fruit when it ripens Introduction According to an old country song by John Denver, the only two
More informationResearch & Reviews: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
Research & Reviews: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology e-issn:2320-3528 Effect of Organic Acids on Bacterial Cellulose Produced by Acetobacter xylinum Hongmei Lu*, Qinghui Jia, Li Chen, and Liping
More informationExperiment 2 Introduction
Characterization of Invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Experiment 2 Introduction The method we used in A Manual for Biochemistry I Laboratory: Experiment 7 worked well to detect any created reducing
More informationComparison of citric acid production from Aspergillus niger in solid and suspension state fermentation
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Comparison of citric acid production from Aspergillus niger in solid and suspension state fermentation D. M. Chetan 1, Seema Farzeen Sarang 1, Niriksha Nithin 1, N. Priyanka 1, Ramesh
More informationHiPer Carbohydrates Estimation Teaching Kit (Quantitative)
HiPer Carbohydrates Estimation Teaching Kit (Quantitative) Product Code: HTBC003 Number of experiments that can be performed: 10 Duration of Experiment Protocol DNSA Method :1 hour Phenol Sulphuric Acid
More informationFactors affecting yeast growth and protein yield production from orange, plantain and banana wastes processing residues using Candida sp.
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 7 (3), pp. 9-95, 5 February, Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/ajb ISSN 1 5315 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Factors affecting yeast
More informationpossibilities occurs. It has been found that the organism acquires addition of vitamin B1 to cells of P. pentosaceum which had
ADAPTATION OF THE PROPIONIC-ACID BACTERIA TO VITAMIN B1 SYNTHESIS INCLUDING A METHOD OF ASSAY M. SILVERMAN AND C. H. WERKMAN Bacteriology Section, Industrial Science Research Institute, Iowa State College,
More informationOptimization for Production and Partial Purification of Laccase from Ash Gourd Peels
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 2 (2017) pp. 997-1003 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.602.112
More informationPectin. Gelation properties of pectins. 2 Hypothetical Pectin Structure. 3 Pectin. Gelation of high methoxyl pectins. Gelation of low methoxyl pectins
1 Pectin X is either H or CH 3 Subject to enzyme attacks Found in virtually all land-based plant as a structural material Commercial pectin extracted from citrus peel, apple pomace, sugar beet, or sunflower
More informationPectin. Subject to enzyme attacks. X is either H or CH 3. Figure from Principles of Enzymology for the Food Sciences
1 Pectin X is either H or CH 3 Subject to enzyme attacks Found in virtually all land-based plant as a structural material Commercial pectin extracted from citrus peel, apple pomace, sugar beet, or sunflower
More informationJournal of Medical Science & Technology
Page140 Original Article Journal of Medical Science & Technology Open Access Selection of ideal carbon nitrogen source and fruit waste for the induction of enhanced levels of pectinases in case of bacteria
More informationPectins. Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016
Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016 Pectins This monograph was also published in: Compendium of Food Additive Specifications.
More informationEnzymatic Assay of POLYGALACTURONASE (EC )
PRINCIPLE: Polygalacturonic Acid + H 2 O PG > Reducing Sugars Abbreviations: PG = Polygalacturonase CONDITIONS: T = 30 C, ph 5.0, A 540nm, Light path = 1 cm METHOD: Colorimetric REAGENTS: A. 50 mm Sodium
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF PROTEASE PRODUCTION FROM HUSK OF VIGNA MUNGO BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS NCIM 2724 USING STATISTICAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
http://www.rasayanjournal.com Vol.4, No.1 (2011), 159-164 ISSN: 0974-1496 CODEN: RJCABP OPTIMIZATION OF PROTEASE PRODUCTION FROM HUSK OF VIGNA MUNGO BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS NCIM 2724 USING STATISTICAL EXPERIMENTAL
More informationAZO-XYLAN (BIRCHWOOD)
ASSAY OF endo-1,4-ß-xylanase using AZO-XYLAN (BIRCHWOOD) S-AXBP S-AXBL 10/07 Megazyme International Ireland 2007 PRINCIPLE: This assay procedure is specific for endo-1,4-ß-d-xylanase activity. On incubation
More informationKinetics analysis of β-fructofuranosidase enzyme. 1-Effect of Time Incubation On The Rate Of An Enzymatic Reaction
Kinetics analysis of β-fructofuranosidase enzyme 1-Effect of Time Incubation On The Rate Of An Enzymatic Reaction Enzyme kinetics It is the study of the chemical reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes.
More informationSECTION XE-G: FOOD TECHNOLOGY
SECTION XE-G: FOOD TECHNOLOGY Course Syllabus Unit 1: Food Chemistry and Nutrition Carbohydrates: Structure and functional properties of mono-, oligo-, & polysaccharides including starch, cellulose, pectic
More informationScreening, Isolation and Characterization of Amylase Producing Bacteria and optimization for Production of Amylase
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) ISSN: 2455-264X, Volume 4, Issue 2 (Mar. - Apr 2018), PP 50-56 www.iosrjournals.org Screening, Isolation and Characterization of Amylase Producing
More informationUSING CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGNS - RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY TO OPTIMIZE INVERATSE ACTIVITY CONDITIONS FOR FRUCTOSE PRODUCTION
Conference proceedings of Biotechnology for Green Solutions and Sustainable Environment: 8-87, 010 USING CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGNS - RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY TO OPTIMIZE INVERATSE ACTIVITY CONDITIONS
More informationEnzymatic Assay of ß-GLUCOSIDASE (EC )
PRINCIPLE: ß-D-Glucoside + H 2 O ß-Glucosidase > D-Glucose + an Alcohol CONDITIONS: T = 37 C, ph = 5.0, A 540nm, Light path = 1 cm METHOD: Colorimetric 1 REAGENTS: A. 100 mm Sodium Acetate Buffer, ph 5.0
More informationHEMICELLULASE from ASPERGILLUS NIGER, var.
HEMICELLULASE from ASPERGILLUS NIGER, var. Prepared at the 55th JECFA (2000) and published in FNP 52 Add 8 (2000), superseding tentative specifications prepared at the 31st JECFA (1987) and published in
More informationMalaysian Journal of Microbiology
Malaysian Journal of Microbiology, Vol 12(3) 2016, pp. 199-204 http://dx.doi.org/10.21161/mjm.71215 Malaysian Journal of Microbiology Published by Malaysian Society for Microbiology (In since 2011) Citric
More informationNitrate/Nitrite Assay Kit Manual Catalog #
BIOO RESEARCH PRODUCTS Nitrate/Nitrite Assay Kit Manual Catalog # 1305-01 This kit is manufactured to the international quality standard ISO 9001:2008. ISO CI#: SARA-2009-CA-0114-01-B BIOO Scientific Corp.2011
More informationPelagia Research Library
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com European Journal of Experimental Biology, 211, 1 (3):124-129 ISSN: 2248 9215 Production of Alkaline Protease by Bacillus subtilis (MTCC7312) using Submerged
More informationGB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB4789.40-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB 4789.40-2016 National Food Safety Standard
More informationAnaerobic Digestion of Glucose by Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus coagulans at Low and High Alkalinity
Asian J. Energy Environ., Vol. 4, Issues 1-2, (23), pp. 1-17 Anaerobic Digestion of Glucose by Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus coagulans at Low and High Alkalinity P. Pantamas 1, P. Chaiprasert 2,*
More informationInternational Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF, ISSN: Vol.7, No.3, pp ,
International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF, ISSN: 0974-4304 Vol.7, No.3, pp 448-452, 2014-2015 Efficacy of Pectinase purified from Bacillus VIT sun-2 and in combination with xylanase
More informationRASAMSONIA EMERSONII (TENTATIVE)
MIXED β-glucanase, CELLULASE AND XYLANASE FROM RASAMSONIA EMERSONII (TENTATIVE) New tentative specifications prepared at the 80th JECFA (2015) and published in FAO JECFA Monographs 17 (2015). An ADI not
More informationHPLC Analysis of Sugars
HPLC Analysis of Sugars Pre-Lab Exercise: 1) Read about HPLC, sugars and the experiment and its background. 2) Prepare a flowchart as appropriate for the lab exercise. 3) Note the various sugar concentrations
More informationINTERNATIONAL ŒNOLOGICAL CODEX
DETERMINATION OF POLYGALACTURONASE ACTIVITY IN ENZYMATIC PREPARATIONS endo- and exo-polygalacturonase activities (PG) (EC. 3.2.1.15 CAS N 9032-75-1) (Oeno 10/2008; Oeno 364-2012) General specifications
More informationCHAPTER 3 OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR PROTEASE PRODUCTION IN SOLID STATE FERMENTATION
76 CHAPTER 3 OPTIMIZATION OF PROCESS PARAMETERS FOR PROTEASE PRODUCTION IN SOLID STATE FERMENTATION 3.1 INTRODUCTION Solid State Fermentation (SSF) is defined as the cultivation of microorganisms on moist
More informationInternational Journal of Food Nutrition and Safety, 2012, 1(2): International Journal of Food Nutrition and Safety
International Journal of Food Nutrition and Safety, 2012, 1(2): 54-59 International Journal of Food Nutrition and Safety Journal homepage: www.modernscientificpress.com/journals/ijfns.aspx ISSN: 2165-896X
More informationAMYLOGLUCOSIDASE from ASPERGILLUS NIGER, var.
AMYLOGLUCOSIDASE from ASPERGILLUS NIGER, var. SYNONYMS INS No. 1100 Prepared at the 59 th JECFA (2002) and published in FNP 52 Add 10 (2002), superseding tentative specifications prepared at the 55 th
More informationTENOFOVIR TABLETS: Final text for addition to The International Pharmacopoeia (June 2010)
June 2010 TENOFOVIR TABLETS: Final text for addition to The International Pharmacopoeia (June 2010) This monograph was adopted at the Forty-fourth WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical
More informationMango juice clarification with polygalacturonase produced by Aspergillus awamori MTCC Optimization of conditions
International Food Research Journal 23(1): 147-151 (2016) Journal homepage: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my Mango juice clarification with polygalacturonase produced by Aspergillus awamori MTCC 9166 - Optimization
More informationIJREAT International Journal of Research in Engineering & Advanced Technology, Volume 1, Issue 2, April-May, 2013 ISSN:
A Comparative Overview of Ethanol Production from Cereal Grains and Potato by Enzymatic Treatment Soumitra Banerjee 1, Debalina Kundu 2 Dept of Food Technology, Techno India Saltlake, Kolkata 700091 Abstract
More informationYeast Extracts containing Mannoproteins (Tentative)
0 out of 6 Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 84th meeting 2017 Yeast Extracts containing Mannoproteins (Tentative) This monograph
More informationCHEMISTRY OF LIFE 30 JANUARY 2013
CHEMISTRY OF LIFE 30 JANUARY 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson, we will: Investigate the structure and function of molecules that are essential for life. Key Concepts Terminology A molecule is any
More informationYEAR 10 PRACTICE EXAM 1: 2014
YEAR 10 PRACTICE EXAM 1: 2014 Question One [5 marks] Hazard symbols are used instead of words to warn about the dangers of chemicals. (a) Give one reason why hazard symbols are used instead of words. [1]
More informationLactic acid production from rice straw using plant-originated Lactobacillus rhamnosus PN04
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2016, 8(5):590-594 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Lactic acid production from rice straw using plant-originated
More informationProduction of amylase from fruit peel using Aspergillus Niger by Solid State Fermentation
Available online at Scholars Research Library Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2014, 6 (2):173-177 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-5071 USA CODEN: DPLEB4 Production of amylase from fruit
More informationB. 1% (w/v) Salicin Substrate Solution (Salicin) (Prepare 50 ml in Reagent A using Salicin, Sigma Prod. No. S-0625.)
SIGMA QUALITY CONTROL TEST PROCEDURE (Q]\PDWLFÃ$VVD\ÃRIÃ */8&26,'$6( PRINCIPLE: 'Glucoside + H 2 O Glucosidase > D-Glucose + an Alcohol CONDITIONS: T = 37 C, ph = 5.0, A 540nm, Light path = 1 cm METHOD:
More informationCHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS
CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials and Methods. The from different husks, fruits, and vegetables peels were estimated quantitatively by the following volumetric procedure s such as Bertrand s,
More informationMIXED -GLUCANASE AND XYLANASE FROM DISPOROTRICHUM DIMORPHOSPORUM (TENTATIVE)
MIXED -GLUCANASE AND XYLANASE FROM DISPOROTRICHUM DIMORPHOSPORUM (TENTATIVE) New tentative specifications prepared at the 80th JECFA (2015) and published in FAO JECFA Monographs 17 (2015). An ADI not specified
More informationBRIEFING. Nonharmonized attributes: Characters, Microbial Enumeration Tests, and Tests for Specified Microorganisms, and Packing and Storage (USP)
BRIEFING Wheat Starch. The Japanese Pharmacopoeia is the coordinating pharmacopeia for the international harmonization of the compendial standards for the Wheat Starch monograph, as part of the process
More informationENZYMES QUESTIONSHEET 1
QUESTIONSHEET 1 The apparatus illustrated below can be used to investigate the activity of the enzyme catalase, which is found in liver. The liver tissue has been ground up and mixed with a buffer solution.
More informationEnzymes - Exercise 3 - Rockville
Enzymes - Exercise 3 - Rockville Objectives -Understand the function of an enzyme. -Know what the substrate, enzyme, and the product of the reaction for this lab. -Understand how at various environments
More informationIn this study, effect of different high-boiling-organic solvent (ethanolamine, diethylene glycol and
ISESCO JOURNAL of Science and Technology Vol. 12 No 21 High Boiling Solvent Pre-treatment of Hazelnut Shells for Enzymatic Hydrolysis Emir Zafer Hoşgün, Berrin Bozan Anadolu University, Engineering Faculty,
More informationSCREENING AND PRODUCTION OF α-amylase FROM ASPERGILLUS NIGER USING ZERO VALUE MATERIAL FOR SOLID STATE FERMENTATION
Academic Sciences International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN- 975-1491 Vol 5, Issue 1, 13 Research Article SCREENING AND PRODUCTION OF α-amylase FROM ASPERGILLUS NIGER USING ZERO
More informationARABINAN
www.megazyme.com ARABINAN ASSAY PROCEDURE K-ARAB 08/18 (100 Assays per Kit) Megazyme 2018 INTRODUCTION: In the processing of apples and pears, the yield of juice can be dramatically improved by using enzymes
More informationThe effect of incubation time on the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction
The effect of incubation time on the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction Objectives To monitor the progress of an enzyme catalyzed reaction (Acid phosphatase). To determine the initial rate of the reaction
More informationPotential of Different Light Intensities on the Productivity of Spirulina maxima
Potential of Different Light Intensities on the Productivity of Spirulina maxima J. P. Pandey *, Amit Tiwari, Suchita Singh and Dileep Tiwari 1 Department of Biotechnology, Govt. T. R. S. College, Rewa
More informationAZO-WHEAT ARABINOXYLAN
www.megazyme.com ASSAY OF endo-1,4-b-xylanase using AZO-WHEAT ARABINOXYLAN S-AWAXP S-AWAXL 05/17 Megazyme 2017 PRINCIPLE: This assay procedure is specific for endo-1,4-β-d-xylanase activity. On incubation
More informationResearch Article GALLIC ACID AND FLAVONOID ACTIVITIES OF AMARANTHUS GANGETICUS
ISSN 2395-3411 Available online at www.ijpacr.com 238 Research Article GALLIC ACID AND FLAVONOID ACTIVITIES OF AMARANTHUS GANGETICUS G. Jyoti Jain 1* and S. Ramachandra Setty 2 1 Department of Pharmacology,
More informationCHAPTER III MATERIALS AND METHODS
CHAPTER III MATERIALS AND METHODS An investigation entitled Standardization and storage of Ready to serve and candy of ber fruit (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) was carried out in the Department of Horticulture,
More information» Croscarmellose Sodium is a cross linked polymer of carboxymethylcellulose sodium.
BRIEFING Croscarmellose Sodium, NF 22 page 2856 and page 702 of PF 30(2) [Mar. Apr. 2004]. A modification is made in the test for Degree of substitution to correct the endpoint color to agree with the
More informationResidue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016.
Residue Monograph prepared by the meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 82 nd meeting 2016 Aspartame This monograph was also published in: Compendium of Food Additive
More informationGLYCOGEN BEFORE THE LAB YOU HAVE TO READ ABOUT:
GLYCGEN BEFRE THE LAB YU HAVE T READ ABUT:. Glycogen structure. 2. Glycogen synthesis and degradation (reactions with structural formulas and enzymes). 3. The role of glycogen in liver and muscles. INTRDUCTIN
More informationTrial Application of Bacterial Cellulose Membrane in Minimally Pre-Prepared Fresh Coconut
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 6718, ISSN (Print): 2319 670X Volume 6 Issue 4 April 2017 PP. 32-37 Trial Application of Bacterial Cellulose Membrane in Minimally
More informationInt. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 14(2), 2012; nᵒ 22, COMPARATIVE CARBOHYDRATES STATUS IN LEAF DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF CLEOME SPECIES
Research Article COMPARATIVE CARBOHYDRATES STATUS IN LEAF DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF CLEOME SPECIES Vishal T. Aparadh*, B. A. Karadge. Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. (M.S.) India. 416
More information(1933) suggest this to be due to the greater affinity of the sucrose particle for
RELATIVE INHIBITION OF MICROORGANISMS BY GLUCOSE AND SUCROSE SIRUPS1 Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, Amherst, Mass. Received for publication, December 29, 1941 In concentrations above 30
More informationQuestion Bank Nutrition : Classes of Food
Question Bank Nutrition : Classes of Food 1. Why do we need food? Explain briefly. Ans. We need food for following reasons : (i) To produce energy that is used to perform various metabolic activities in
More informationEffect of incubation temperature on production of amylase in various agroindustrial wastes by alkaliphilic actinobacteria
Bioscience Discovery, 8(3): 521-527, July - 2017 RUT Printer and Publisher Print & Online, Open Access, Research Journal Available on http://jbsd.in ISSN: 2229-3469 (Print); ISSN: 2231-024X (Online) Research
More informationCorn Starch Analysis B-47-1 PHOSPHORUS
Corn Starch Analysis B-47-1 PHOSPHORUS PRINCIPLE SCOPE The sample is ignited in the presence of a fixative to destroy organic matter and convert phosphorus to inorganic phosphates which are not volatilized
More informationEFFECT OF ENDOSULFAN AND CHLORPYRIFOS ON PROTEASE ACTIVITY IN THE CULTIVATED SOIL Sumit Kumar*
Research Article EFFECT OF ENDOSULFAN AND CHLORPYRIFOS ON PROTEASE ACTIVITY IN THE CULTIVATED SOIL Sumit Kumar* Address for Correspondence * Biotechnology Engineering Department, V.V.P. Engineering College,
More informationEFFECT OF GLUCOSE SUPPLEMENTATION ON CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER FROM SOME AGRO-INDUSTRIAL WASTES USL'iG SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION
Journal of Advancement in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 2, Number 4, 2008 Printed in Nigeria. All Right Reserved ISSN 2006 -//53 Copyright 2008 Duncan Science Company EFFECT OF GLUCOSE SUPPLEMENTATION
More informationPROCESSING AND PRESERVATION OF PAPAYA JAM
J. Sci. Technol. (Dinajpur) Vol. 6:37-41 (2008) ISSN 1994-0386 PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION OF PAPAYA JAM M.S. Mahomud 1, K.N. Pervin 2, N. Gupta 2, M.A. Ali 3 and M.R. Amin 4 ABSTRACT The fresh papaya
More informationPECTIN IDENTIFICATION
www.megazyme.com PECTIN IDENTIFICATION ASSAY PROCEDURE (500 Assays per Kit) K-PECID 08/18 Megazyme 2018 INTRODUCTION: Pectins consist of the partial methyl esters of polygalacturonic acid and their sodium,
More informationPreparation of Antioxidant Rich Healthy Beverages by Using Pineapple Juice and Guava Leaves Extract Flavoured With Herbs (Mint)
International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre) E-ISSN : 2454-8006 DOI: http://doi.org/10.31695/ijasre.2018.32831 Volume 4, Issue 8 August - 2018 Preparation of Antioxidant
More informationScholars Research Library. Purification and characterization of neutral protease enzyme from Bacillus Subtilis
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Scholars Research Library J. Microbiol. Biotech. Res., 2012, 2 (4):612-618 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) Purification and characterization
More informationGB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB4789.30-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Buy True-PDF Auto-delivery. Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GB 4789.30-2016
More informationFull-text Available Online at
JASEM ISSN 1119-8362 All rights reserved Full-text Available Online at wwwbiolineorgbr/ja J Appl Sci Environ Manage June, 2007 Vol 11 (2) 99-103 Determination of in vitro and in vivo production of polygalacturonase
More informationExperiment 9. NATURE OF α-amylase ACTIVITY ON STARCH
Experiment 9 NATURE OF α-amylase ACTIVITY ON STARC In Experiment 1 we described the action of α-amylase on starch as that of catalyzing the hydrolysis of α-1,4-glucosidic bonds at random in the interior
More informationAsian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry ISSN Available online at
As. J. Food Ag-Ind. 29, Special Issue, S169-S174 Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry ISSN 196-34 Available online at www.ajofai.info Effectiveness of bacteria and fungi inoculants in liquid organic
More informationEthanol production from alfalfa fiber fractions by saccharification and fermentation*
PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY ELSEVIER Process Biochemistry 36 (2001) 1199-1204 www.elsevier.com/locate/procbio Ethanol production from alfalfa fiber fractions by saccharification and fermentation* Hassan K. Sreenath
More informationSTUDY OF OXALATE ION CONTENT IN GUAVA FRUIT.
1 STUDY OF OXALATE ION CONTENT IN GUAVA FRUIT. AIM OF THE PROJECT To study the presence of oxalate ion content in guava fruit at different stages of ripening. INTRODUCTION Guava is sweet, juicy and light
More informationBiochemistry: Macromolecules
1 Biology: Macromolecules 2 Carbohydrates Carbohydrate organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio Meaning: hydrated carbon ratio of h:0 is 2:1 (same as in water) Source: plants
More informationProduction and Characterization of Bacillus firmus Pectinase
Production and Characterization of Bacillus firmus Pectinase Anna Roosdiana, 1* Sasangka Prasetyawan, 1 Chanif Mahdi, 1 and Sutrisno 1 1 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of
More informationUpdate on Food and Feed
Update on Food and Feed Mary Beth Hall Research Animal Scientist U. S. Dairy Forage Research Center USDA-Agricultural Research Service Madison, WI ACS 7/16/13 The sugars, starches, and insoluble carbohydrates,
More informationOptimization of Trichoderma reesei Medium for Increasing Xylanase Enzyme Production
Advances in Bioresearch Adv. Biores., Vol 7 (3) May 2016: 94-99 2015 Society of Education, India Print ISSN 0976-4585; Online ISSN 2277-1573 Journal s URL:http://www.soeagra.com/abr.html CODEN: ABRDC3
More informationExploring enzyme kinetics Monitoring invertase activity using DNSA reagent
Dean Madden National Centre for Biotechnology Education, University of Reading 2 Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AU D.R.Madden@reading.ac.uk Exploring enzyme kinetics Monitoring invertase activity using DNSA
More informationARTESUNATE TABLETS: Final text for revision of The International Pharmacopoeia (December 2009) ARTESUNATI COMPRESSI ARTESUNATE TABLETS
December 2009 ARTESUNATE TABLETS: Final text for revision of The International Pharmacopoeia (December 2009) This monograph was adopted at the Forty-fourth WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical
More informationNutritional information
3. Processing food 3.3 Food labels 3.3.2 Nutritional information ENERGY AND NUTRIENTS In addition to product information, labels include a host of nutritional information, in particular the product s energy
More informationCHAPTER 5: QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF REDUCING SUGAR FROM FRUITS PEELS
CHAPTER 5: QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF REDUCING SUGAR FROM FRUITS PEELS Quantitative Estimation of reducing sugar from Banana, Pomegranate, Papaya, Grape and Orange Peels 1. Banana Peel Figure 12: Typical
More information