Dietary Sources of Phosphorus among Adults in the United States: Results from NHANES

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1 S1 of S5 Dietary Sources of Phosphorus among Adults in the United States: Results from ANES Scott T. McClure, Alex R. Chang, Elizabeth Selvin, Casey M. Rebholz and Lawrence J. Appel Table S1. Crude and age/sex adjusted estimated values with 95% CI s for total dietary calories for adults 20 years of age or older for ANES WWEIA Population Subgroup Crude Calories (kcal/day) Adjusted All 2182 ( ) 2170 ( ) Male (REF) 2578 ( ) 2557 ( ) Female 1813 ( ) ** 1811 ( ) ** (REF) 2218 ( ) 2186 ( ) 2153 ( ) ** 2155 ( ) ** 2128 ( ) ** 2237 ( ) ** Other 2008 ( ) ** 2033 ( ) ** (REF) 2390 ( ) 2382 ( ) ( ) ** 2319 ( ) ** ( ) ** 2032 ( ) ** ( ) ** 1703 ( ) ** ** p < 0.01, n.s. p 0.05, bold = more than 5% different than the reference group; Adjusted values are age and sex standardized to the 2000 US Census population. = Non-Hispanic. Table S2. Estimated Total Dietary Phosphorus (mg/day) by USDA Food Groups in ANES WWEIA in adults 20 years of age or older Eggs Grain Fruits All Source = Non-Hispanic.

2 S2 of S5 Table S3. Estimated Phosphorus Density Ratio (mg P/kcal) by USDA Food Groups in ANES WWEIA in adults 20 years of age or older Eggs Grain Fruits Fats, Oils & Salad All Sources = Non-Hispanic. Table S4. Proportion of total dietary phosphorus contributed by types of food for adults aged 20 and older from ANES-WWEIA Food Category 100% Juice Alcoholic All Other Coffee/Tea Dairy Milks Dairy Other Fruits and Excluding Potatoes Fruits and Potatoes Breads Cooked Grains/Cere als RTE Cereals Asian Grain-Based Meat, Poultry, Seafood Pizza All Male Female 0.88% 0.89% 0.87% 0.77% 1.27% 1.20% 0.91% 0.82% 0.80% 0.74% 1.72% 1.99% 2.67% 1.10% 2.11% 2.19% 1.88% 1.29% 2.22% 2.19% 1.98% 0.79% 3.28% 3.10% 3.53% 3.44% 2.79% 2.71% 3.33% 3.70% 3.14% 3.33% 2.79% 1.65% 1.42% 1.94% 1.84% 1.08% 1.08% 1.57% 1.22% 1.98% 1.65% 1.34% 7.84% 8.31% 7.23% 8.84% 4.68% 6.03% 6.73% 8.61% 6.78% 7.47% 11.23% 7.90% 7.26% 8.74% 9.04% 5.92% 5.41% 5.69% 7.29% 7.38% 8.81% 8.09% 3.54% 2.93% 4.31% 3.64% 3.21% 2.46% 4.11% 2.60% 3.33% 3.93% 4.90% 2.22% 2.28% 2.14% 2.36% 2.64% 1.61% 1.63% 2.14% 2.21% 2.22% 2.39% 7.19% 7.17% 7.21% 6.64% 7.02% 10.56% 7.47% 5.66% 7.30% 7.61% 8.49% 1.96% 1.73% 2.27% 1.59% 2.26% 1.30% 4.12% 1.22% 2.06% 2.01% 2.97% 2.00% 2.01% 1.99% 2.41% 1.24% 1.15% 1.19% 1.44% 1.40% 2.37% 4.11% 1.49% 1.39% 1.63% 1.29% 1.02% 1.16% 3.17% 1.77% 1.56% 1.46% 0.83% 3.39% 3.42% 3.35% 3.38% 4.41% 2.23% 3.49% 3.39% 2.98% 3.91% 3.16% 3.90% 3.80% 4.03% 4.13% 4.12% 2.69% 3.46% 2.64% 3.47% 4.87% 4.88% 4.99% 5.19% 4.73% 4.04% 2.08% 14.80% 4.62% 6.69% 6.05% 3.68% 1.96% 4.49% 4.64% 4.29% 4.52% 4.67% 3.55% 4.89% 7.89% 4.99% 2.76% 1.33%

3 S3 of S5 Sandwiches Soups Other All Other Other Fats, Oils, Condiments, Sugars Cured Meat Eggs Meat/Poultr y/seafood Plant Based Snacks and Sweets Excluding Frozen Dairy Snacks and Sweets Frozen Dairy 3.96% 3.95% 3.98% 3.55% 6.44% 5.38% 2.95% 4.85% 4.45% 3.27% 2.69% 1.55% 1.47% 1.65% 1.37% 0.82% 2.40% 2.41% 1.04% 1.54% 1.77% 1.89% 1.17% 1.46% 0.81% 1.01% 0.40% 3.21% 1.03% 2.26% 1.22% 0.68% 0.39% 1.35% 1.23% 1.51% 1.38% 1.32% 1.19% 1.37% 1.29% 1.48% 1.33% 1.07% 3.94% 4.32% 3.44% 4.46% 3.86% 2.25% 2.69% 3.58% 4.02% 4.03% 4.09% 3.21% 3.32% 3.07% 2.97% 3.47% 4.07% 3.56% 3.16% 3.05% 3.32% 3.55% 13.13% 13.85% 12.20% 11.98% 19.65% 10.23% 15.90% 13.67% 13.72% 12.72% 11.27% 4.57% 4.48% 4.68% 4.36% 3.92% 5.50% 5.38% 3.24% 4.70% 5.24% 4.63% 6.99% 6.32% 7.87% 7.24% 8.30% 5.27% 6.01% 6.76% 6.75% 7.44% 6.90% 1.42% 1.39% 1.46% 1.65% 1.21% 0.65% 1.03% 0.85% 1.45% 1.40% 2.53% Dark grey shading indicates highest single contributor, light grey shading indicates one of the top 5 contributors. = Non-Hispanic. Table S5. Mean daily dietary calcium intake from foods and beverages and dietary calcium to phosphorus ratio for U.S. adults 20 years of age or older and according to ANES WWEIA survey cycle. ANES WWEIA Survey Cycle N (Unweighted) Mean Dietary Calcium (95% CI) (mg/day) Dietary Calcium to Phosphorus Ratio (95%CI) (mg Ca/mg P) Overall 34, ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Change 11.49% 6.44% p-value for Trend * <0.01 <0.01 * p-values are calculated from a survey weighted linear regression modeling survey cycle ordinally adjusted for race, age, and sex.

4 S4 of S5 Table S6. Crude and age adjusted estimated means (95% CIs) for total dietary calcium intake from foods and beverages and dietary calcium to phosphorus ratio for adults 20 years of age or older, ANES WWEIA Population Subgroup Unweighted N Mean Total Dietary Calcium (mg/day) Mean Dietary Calcium to Phosphorus Ratio (mg Ca/mg P) Crude Adjusted Crude Adjusted All 34, ( ) 951 ( ) ( ) ( ) Male (REF) 16, ( ) 1074 ( ) ( ) ( ) Female 17, ( ) ** 836 ( ) ** ( ) ** ( ) ** (REF) 16, ( ) 1003 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ** 775 ( ) ** ( ) ** ( ) ** ( ) ** 934 ( ) ** ( ) ** ( ) ** Other ( ) ** 828 ( ) ** ( ) ** ( ) ** (REF) ( ) 1038 ( ) ( ) ( ) , ( ) ** 992 ( ) ** ( ) ** ( ) ** , ( ) ** 890 ( ) ** ( ) ** ( ) ** ( ) ** 804 ( ) ** ( ) n.s ( ) n.s. ** p < 0.01, n.s. p 0.05, bold = more than 5% different than the reference group. Adjusted values are age and sex standardized to the 2000 Standard US Census population. = Non-Hispanic. Table S7. Estimated Total Dietary Calcium Intake from Foods and Beverages (mg/day) by USDA Food Groups in ANES WWEIA in adults 20 years of age or older. Eggs Grain Fruits 364 (38.5%) 73 (7.7%) 21 (2.2%) 21 (2.2%) 270 (28.5%) 38 (4.0%) 53 (5.6%) 3 (0.3%) 103 (10.9%) All Sources = Non-Hispanic. Table S8. Estimated Dietary Calcium to Phosphorus ratio (mg calcium per mg phosphorus intake from foods and beverages) by USDA Food Groups in ANES WWEIA in adults 20 years of age or older Fish & Mixtures Eggs and Seeds Grain Fruits & Beverages All Sources = Non-Hispanic.

5 S5 of S5 Figure S1. Estimated Total Dietary Energy Intake contributed by the top 3 USDA food groups. Error bars represent the 95% confidence interval. Figure S2. Estimated Total Dietary Energy Intake contributed by the bottom 6 USDA food groups. Error bars represent the 95% confidence interval by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (