Make a list of what you know about blood types

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Ethel Sherman
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1 Make a list of what you know about blood types

2 lood Facts The average adult has about FIVE liters of blood inside of their body, which makes up 7-8% of their body weight. lood is living tissue that carries oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body, and carries carbon dioxide and other waste products back to the lungs, kidneys and liver for disposal. It also fights against infection and helps heal wounds, so we can stay healthy. There are about one billion red blood cells in two to three drops of blood.

3 What makes up our blood? PLSM This is the yellowish liquid portion of blood that contains electrolytes, nutrients and vitamins, hormones WHITE LOOD CELLS involved in the immune system. PLTELETS involved in blood clotting RED LOOD CELLS involved in carrying oxygen

4 Genetics of lood Types Your blood type is established before you are ORN, by specific GENES inherited from your parents. You inherit one gene from your MOTHER and one from your FTHER. These genes determine your blood type by causing proteins that exist on the surface of all of your red blood cells. There are 3 different surface proteins that determine your blood type type, type, and factor

5 Genetics - What are blood types? There are 3 alleles or genes for blood type:,, & O. Since we have 2 genes (one from mom and one from dad), there are 6 possible combinations. Remember your blood type is determined by the surface proteins also known as antigens (,, and R factor) lood Types or O = Type or O = Type OO = Type O = Type

6 Genetics of lood Type Practice Refresher? woman with blood type marries a man with a homozygous blood type. What are the possible blood types of their children?

7 Remember: ntigen refers to a particular protein found on the surface of a cell. Surface proteins (antigens) are how cells recognize whether a cell belongs (good cell) or does not (bad cel / pathogen) lood Types and proteins Red lood Cell Type ntigens (surface proteins present) O ntigen ntigen and ntigens none

8 Factors The presence of the protein, or lack of it, is referred to as the factor. If your blood does contain the protein, your blood is said to be positive (+). If your blood does not contain the protein, your blood is said to be negative (-) O+ O-

9 Example: positive (+) blood type, has both type and proteins on the surface of the red blood cells. Practice: What proteins would a negative (-) blood type have?

10 On each blood cell add the proper surface proteins (,, ) 8 lood Types lood + lood lood + lood lood + lood O lood O + lood

11 lood + lood lood + lood lood O lood + lood O + lood

12 How common is your blood type? 46.1% 38.8% 11.1% 3.9%

13 lood - ntibodies lood is also packed with proteins called antibodies. These antibodies will recognize and attack foreign molecules. Example: If a person with type blood that has nti- antibodies, is given type blood, it will see the type blood as a pathogen and attack it, causing the blood to clump together

14 lood - ntibodies Red lood Cell Type ntigens (surface proteins present) ntibodies Present (has antibodies against that blood type not compatible) ntigen nti- ntigen nti- and ntigens None O none nti- and nti- Which blood is compatible which each other? How do you know?

lood Transfusions blood transfusion is a procedure in which blood is given to a patient through an intravenous (IV) line in one of the blood vessels.

15 lood Transfusions blood transfusion is a procedure in which blood is given to a patient through an intravenous (IV) line in one of the blood vessels. lood transfusions are done to replace blood lost during surgery or a serious injury. transfusion also may be done if a person s body can't make blood properly because of an illness. Who can give you blood? People with TYPE O blood are called Universal Donors, because they can give blood to any blood type. Universal Donor People with TYPE blood are called Universal Recipients, because they can receive any blood type. + Can receive + or - - Can only receive - Universal Recipient

16 lood Transfusions Never give the patient (recipient) a blood protein that is foreign to their body. If the donor blood cells have surface proteins that are different than the recipients, then the antibodies in the recipients blood recognizes the donor blood as foreign and triggers an immune response resulting in blood clotting.

17 Check Point Question 1. What are the 3 proteins (antigens) found on blood cells that determine your blood type? 2. What type of proteins does blood type O + have on it s surface? 3. Can a person with type O blood receive blood from a person with type blood? Why or why not?

T. Trimpe Forensic Science

T. Trimpe Forensic Science T. Trimpe 2006 http://sciencespot.net/ Forensic Science What makes up our blood? RED BLOOD CELLS (Erythrocytes) The most abundant cells in our blood; they are produced in the bone marrow and contain a