SBI4U: Biochemistry Unit Cellular Transport HOW DO SUBSTANCES MOVE IN AND OUT OF CELLS?
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1 SBI4U:BiochemistryUnit CellularTransport HOWDOSUBSTANCESMOVEINANDOUTOFCELLS? ConsolidationandPre labquestions Usethereading CellularTransport.pdf (pp )tohelpyouanswerthefollowingquestions.Whenyouarefinished, completethe EggLab. 1. Whatisthemajorbarriertosubstancescrossingabiologicalmembrane? 2. Giveanexampleofmoleculesthatwillandwillnotcrossthecellmembraneeasilyandexplainwhy. 3. Manysubstancesmoveinandoutofcellsbyanumberofprocesses.Themainmechanismsbywhichsubstances crosscellmembranesarecalledactivetransportandpassivetransport.outlinethesimilaritiesanddifferences ofthesemethodsofcellulartransportbycompletingthevenn diagrambelow.thesimilaritiesarelistedinthe centredarker shadedarea,whilethepointsuniquetoeachformoftransportarelistedundertheirrespective headings.besuretoincludetheterms:concentrationgradient,energy,atp,transporter,pump. ACTIVETRANSPORT PASSIVETRANSPORT Differences Similarities Differences 4. Whyisactivetransportanimportantcellularfunction?Explainusingyourunderstandingofconcentration gradients. 1
2 SBI4U:BiochemistryUnit CellularTransport 5. Inwhatwayisactivetransportanendergonicprocesss? 6. Inyourownwords,explainwhyosmosisoccurswhenwatermoleculesinteractwithsolutesinthepresenceofa membranethatseparatestwosolutionshavingdifferentconcentrationsofsolutes(pg.95). 7. Definethetermshypertonic,isotonic,andhypotonic. 8. Describe,usingadiagram,howthemovementofwaterisaffectedbyosmoticpressureunderthefollowing conditions:1)ahypertonicsolution,2)anisotonicsolution,and3)ahypotonicsolution. 9. Summarizethestepsofthesodium potassiumpump. 10. Whyisitimportantforanimalcellstomaintainosmoticbalance? 2
3 SBI4U:BiochemistryUnit CellularTransport EGGLAB InvestigatingtheMovement ofsubstancesacrossthecellmembrane 30 Purpose:Thepurposeofthislabistoinvestigatethefactorsthataffectthemovementofsubstances acrossamembrane. Passive Transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from an area of high to lowerconcentration(ie.withtheconcentrationgradient)withouttheuseofenergy. Osmosis is important in biological processes where the solvent is water. It is a form of passive transport that plays a great role in the movement of substances across cellular membranes. The transportofwatermoleculesandothermoleculesacrossbiologicalmembranesareessentialtoliving organisms. Osmosis is defined as the movement of a solvent (ie., H 2 O) through a selectively permeablemembranefromanareaofhighwaterconcentration(lowsoluteconcentration)toanarea oflowwaterconcentration(highsoluteconcentration). Scenario Ms.Anthony sgrade12biologystudentswerestudyingosmosisoneday.likegood littlescientists,theywereinterestedinbringingthetheoryofcellulartransporttolife inanexperiment! Ms. Anthony performed an experiment using uncooked eggs placed into three different solutions to demonstrate the concept of osmosis. She explained that the outer egg membrane is a good model of a cell membrane because it is thin and flexible. To obtain the outer egg membrane, Ms. Anthony placed the three uncooked eggsintoabeakerwithvinegarinordertodissolvethehardshell.after2days (48 hours), she took the three eggs out of the vinegar beaker and measured the initial mass of each egg using the balance beam (see Table 1 for the results).shethenplacedtheeggsintothreedifferentsolutions(0%,5%,20% salt concentration) and waited. After 45 minutes, she took the eggs out and measuredthefinalmassofeacheggusingthebalancebeam(seetable1for theresults). 0%[NaCl] 5%[NaCl] 20%[NaCl] 3
4 SBI4U:BiochemistryUnit CellularTransport Results Table1.Initialandfinalmassofeggsplacedindifferentsaltsolutions Trial#1 Egg Number Solutions InitialMass(g) FinalMass(g) Changein Mass(g) 1 0% Salt (Distilled Water) 2 5%Salt(NaCl) %Salt(NaCl) Table2.Initialandfinalmassofeggsplacedindifferentsaltsolutions Trial#2 Egg Number %Changein Mass Solutions InitialMass(g) FinalMass(g) Changein Mass(g) %Changein Mass 1 0% Salt (Distilled Water) 2 5%Salt(NaCl) %Salt(NaCl) Calculatethechangeinmass(g)foreachoftheeggplacedinthethreedifferentsolutions. Changeinmass=Finalmass(g) InitialMass(g).Showyourcalculations(6marks) 2.Calculatethe%changeinmassusingtheformula:ChangeinMass(g)x100%. Showyourwork(6marks) FinalMass(g) 3.Explainwhatitmeanswhenyouhaveapositive%changeinmassandanegative%changeinmass.Includeadiagram toexplainthebiologicalprocessofwhyeitherapositiveornegative%changeinmassineachconditionwasobserved (Hint:thinkhypertonicandhypotonic)(5marks). 4
5 SBI4U:BiochemistryUnit CellularTransport 4. Using the data in Table 1 and 2, calculate the average % change in mass for the egg placed in the three different solutions(0%,5%,20%naclsolution).showyourcalculationandfillthevaluesintable3below.(3marks) Table3.Averagechangeinmassfortheeggplacedinthethreedifferentsolutions Averagemassdifferencefor eggsin0%saltsolution Averagemassdifferencefor eggsin5%saltsolution Averagemassdifferencefor eggsin20%saltsolution 5.Plotagraphtoillustratetheaveragemassdifferenceforeggsinthethreedifferentsaltsolutions.Usethegraphpaper providedonthenextpage.remembertolabelalltheaxes,includealegend,andgivethegraphameaningfuland explicittitle.(4marks) 6.Whatcanyouconcludeaboutosmosisorpassivediffusionacrossthecellmembrane?Explaintherelationshipbetween thedifferenceinthemassofeggsandthedifferentconcentrationsofsaltsolution?(2marks) 7.WhatarethreepotentialsourcesoferrorthatMs.Anthonycouldhavedonethatmayhaveleadtoinaccurateresults? (3marks) 8.Ms.Anthonywantstoimproveherlaboratoryprocedures.Listonesuggestionyouwouldgivehertohelpherstudents betterunderstandosmosis.(1mark) Bonus:Identifywhothepuppetcharacterisonpage3(1mark). 5
6 SBI4U:BiochemistryUnit CellularTransport 6
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