MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES

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Rudolph Norton
5 years ago
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1 WHAT ARE THEY They are injuries to muscles, nerves, tendons ligaments, joints, cartilage and spinal discs.

2 WHAT KIND OF INJURIES ARE MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES 1. Fractures- -Open -Closed 2. Dislocations 3. Sprains 4. Strains

$fracture site " Usually caused by the broken bone " There is the$

3 FRACTURES A break in the continuity of the bone CLOSED: " The overlying skin remains intact " There is either a break or crack in the bone OPEN: " Wound extends from the surface of the body to fracture site " Usually caused by the broken bone " There is the possibility of infection

4 TYPES OF FRACTURES DIRECT (Open) " The break occurs at the point of contact " Typical in open fractures " Extreme force is involved INDIRECT (Closed) " The force is transmitted along the bone " The injury occurs away from the point of impact " Auto accidents ( femur, hip, pelvis, knee) sports injuries, falls OTHER TYPES- TWISTING " Distal (farthest part) remains stationary " Proximal (closest part) rotates " Shearing type of fracture " Football and Skiing is where this type occurs the most STRESS FRACTURE- Occurs in feet from prolonged walking or running

5 OPEN: MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES " Open wounds " External bleeding " Obvious swelling " Deformation of limb SIGNS & SYMPTOMS " The sound of the bone breaking CLOSED: " Pain and discomfort " Swelling " Strange color (bruising) " Cannot move limb or part " Very tender

Treat for shock if needed Closed: " Keep the victim completely still " Splint the

6 OPEN: MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES FIRST AID FOR FRACTURES " Keep the victim completely still " Do not elevate limb " Check for circulation " Watch ABC s " Treat for shock if needed Closed: " Keep the victim completely still " Splint the area that is affected " Check for feeling, warmth and color " ABC s " Treat for shock if needed

7 DISLOCATIONS " Displacement of bone end from articulating surface at joint " Pain or pressure is most common symptom " Principal sign is deformity " May experience loss of motion of joint " Falls, auto accidents, sports injuries " Subluxation- Partial dislocation of the joint

8 SIGNS & SYMPTOMS " Deformation- It just does not look right " Moving is difficult " Swelling " Tenderness

9 FIRST AID " Immobilize so victim cannot move the area affected " Use a splint if necessary " Ice " DO NOT ATTEMPT TO RESET THE BONE " Nerves, blood vessels pass very close to bone. Pressure on these structures can occur " Checking the following is important Pulse presence Pulse strength Sensation

of motion " Most common = Ankle " Happens during falls

10 SPRAINS " Stretching, tearing of ligaments surrounding joint " Occurs when joint is twisted beyond normal range of motion " Most common = Ankle " Happens during falls or in sports " Can also happen in other areas, like the knee

11 SPRAINS-SIGNS & SYMPTOMS " Characteristics Pain Tenderness Swelling Discoloration Typically does not manifest deformity

12 FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS " RICE, rest, ice, compression, elevation, " Immobilization " When in doubt, splint " When in doubt, splint

13 STRAINS " Tearing, stretching of musculotendonous unit. " Spasm, pain on active movement " Usually no deformity, swelling " Pain present on active movement " Happens when muscles are overstretched " Improper lifting techniques or lifting heavy objects

14 SIGNS & SYMPTOMS " Sharp pain in affected muscle " Muscle stiffness " Swelling " Muscle spasms

15 FIRST AID " Cold/Heat application/rice cold best if in first 48 hours to reduce swelling 20 minutes on then 20 minutes off- 1 st 48 hrs. heat best if after 48 hours to increase circulation no direct application to soft tissue " wrap in towel or gauze

$ODDS, ENDS AND TIDBITS Different types of names for fractures " Transverse: Bone is broken at an angle " Greenstick: Bone is splintered without a complete break- most common in children " Spiral:$

16 ODDS, ENDS AND TIDBITS Different types of names for fractures " Transverse: Bone is broken at an angle " Greenstick: Bone is splintered without a complete break- most common in children " Spiral: Bone is broken like a coiled spring " Commuted: Bone is broken into 3 or more pieces " Over 70% of trauma patients suffer some type of musculoskeletal injury- typically non-life threatening but there some that can be i.e. broken femur

17 " Sports Training " Seat Belt use " Child Safety Seat use Prevention Strategies " Airbag use " Gun Safety and Education " Motorcycle education and protective equipment " Fall prevention " Can you think of others?

AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved.

AMERICAN RED CROSS FIRST AID RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES FOURTH EDITION Copyright 2006 by The American National Red Cross All rights reserved. Musculoskeletal injuries are most commonly caused by Mechanical forms of energy. Chemicals. Electrical energy. Heat Mechanical energy produces direct, indirect, twisting and contracting forces. Can be