The Muscular System. Chapter 10 Part C. PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Karen Dunbar Kareiva Ivy Tech Community College

Transcription

1 Chapter 10 Part C The Muscular System Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Karen Dunbar Kareiva Ivy Tech Community College

2 Table 10.9: Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) Nine muscles cross shoulder joint Insert on and move humerus Some originate from scapula, others from axial skeleton Actions include flexion, extension, adduction Three prime movers of arm Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Deltoid

3 Table 10.9: Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (cont.) Rotator cuff muscles act as synergists and fixators; originate on scapula; reinforce shoulder capsule; prevent dislocation Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis Coracobrachialis and teres major: synergists

4 Table Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus)

5 A&P Flix : Pectoralis major

6 Table Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus)

7 A&P Flix : Deltoid

8 Figure 10.15a Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively. Clavicle Deltoid Sternum Pectoralis major Coracobrachialis Triceps brachii: Lateral head Long head Medial head Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Anterior view

9 Table Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)

10 A&P Flix : Latissimus dorsi

11 Table Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)

12 Table Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)

13 A&P Flix : Subscapularis

14 A&P Flix : Supraspinatus

15 A&P Flix : Infraspinatus

16 Table Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint: Movements of the Arm (Humerus) (continued)

17 A&P Flix : Teres minor

18 A&P Flix : Teres major

19 Figure 10.15b Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively. Supraspinatus* Spine of scapula Deltoid (cut) Greater tubercle of humerus Infraspinatus* Teres minor* Teres major Triceps brachii: Lateral head Long head Latissimus dorsi Humerus Olecranon of ulna Anconeus Posterior view *Rotator cuff muscles

20 Figure 10.15c-d Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively. O O Biceps brachii Long head Short head O = origin I = insertion I O Subscapularis* O I I Coracobrachialis Brachialis *Rotator cuff muscles

21 A&P Flix : Muscles That Act on the Shoulder Joint and Humerus: An Overview (a)

22 A&P Flix : Muscles That Act on the Shoulder Joint and Humerus: An Overview (b)

23 A&P Flix : Muscles That Cross the Glenohumeral Joint

24 A&P Flix : Movement from the Rotator Cuff Muscles (a)

25 A&P Flix : Movement from the Rotator Cuff Muscles (b)

26 A&P Flix : Scapular Muscles of the Glenohumeral Joint (a)

27 A&P Flix : Axial Muscles of the Glenohumeral Joint (a)

28 A&P Flix : Movement at the Glenohumeral Joint: An Overview

29 A&P Flix : Movement at the Glenohumeral Joint (a)

30 A&P Flix : Movement at the Glenohumeral Joint (b)

31 Table 10.10: Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint: Flexion and Extension of the Forearm Walls of fascia divide arm into two compartments Anterior muscles Posterior muscles

32 Table Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint: Flexion and Extension of the Forearm

33 Figure 10.15b Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively. Supraspinatus* Spine of scapula Deltoid (cut) Greater tubercle of humerus Infraspinatus* Teres minor* Teres major Triceps brachii: Lateral head Long head Latissimus dorsi Humerus Olecranon of ulna Anconeus Posterior view *Rotator cuff muscles

34 A&P Flix : Triceps brachii

35 Table Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint: Flexion and Extension of the Forearm (continued)

36 Figure 10.15a Muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow joints, causing movements of the arm and forearm, respectively. Clavicle Deltoid Sternum Pectoralis major Coracobrachialis Triceps brachii: Lateral head Long head Medial head Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Anterior view

37 A&P Flix : Biceps brachii

38 A&P Flix : Brachialis

39 A&P Flix : Brachioradialis

40 A&P Flix : The Elbow Joint and Forearm: An Overview

41 A&P Flix : Muscles of the Elbow Joint (a)

42 A&P Flix : Muscles of the Elbow Joint (b)

43 A&P Flix : Muscles of the Elbow Joint (c)

44 Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers Divided into anterior and posterior muscles Most anterior muscles are flexors; insert via flexor retinaculum Most posterior muscles are extensors; insert via extensor retinaculum Further divided into superficial and deep muscles

45 Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (cont.) Actions: movements of wrist, fingers, thumb, as well as pronation and supination of forearm Pronator teres and pronator quadratus pronate forearm Supinator: synergist with biceps brachii in forearm supination

46 Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (cont.) Anterior muscles Consist of five superficial and three deep muscles Most arise from common flexor tendon attached to medial epicondyle of humerus Most tendons of insertion held in place at wrist by flexor retinaculum

47 Table Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

48 A&P Flix : Pronator teres

49 A&P Flix : Flexor carpi radialis

50 Table Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers

51 A&P Flix : Flexor carpi ulnaris

52 A&P Flix : Flexor digitorum superficialis

53 Table Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (continued)

54 Figure 10.16a Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers. Superficial transverse ligament of palm Palmar aponeurosis Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Flexor carpi radialis Medial epicondyle of humerus Medial head of triceps brachii Flexor retinaculum Pronator quadratus Flexor pollicis longus Extensor carpi radialis longus Brachioradialis Pronator teres Tendon of biceps brachii Biceps brachii

55 Figure 10.16b Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers. Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis Pronator quadratus Flexor pollicis longus Tendon of brachioradialis (cut) Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris (cut) Tendon of flexor carpi radialis (cut) Flexor digitorum superficialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Supinator Tendon of biceps brachii (cut)

56 Figure 10.16c Muscles of the anterior fascial compartment of the forearm acting on the right wrist and fingers. Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis (cut) Lumbricals Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris (cut) Tendon of flexor pollicis longus Thenar muscles of thumb Pronator quadratus Flexor pollicis longus Flexor digitorum profundus Supinator

57 A&P Flix : Anterior Muscles of the Wrist and Fingers (a)

58 A&P Flix : Anterior Muscles of the Wrist and Fingers (b)

59 Table 10.11: Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (cont.) Posterior muscles Consists of four superficial and four deep muscles All are innervated by the radial nerve or its branches Most arise from common flexor tendon attached to lateral epicondyle of humerus Most tendons of insertion held in place at wrist by extensor retinaculum

60 Table Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (continued)

61 A&P Flix : Posterior Muscles of the Wrist and Fingers (a)

62 A&P Flix : Posterior Muscles of the Wrist and Fingers (b)

63 A&P Flix : Extensor carpi radialis longus

64 A&P Flix : Extensor carpi radialis brevis

65 A&P Flix : Extensor digitorum

66 A&P Flix : Extensor carpi ulnaris

67 Table Muscles of the Forearm: Movements of the Wrist, Hand, and Fingers (continued)

68 Figure 10.17a Muscles of the posterior fascial compartment of the right forearm acting on the wrist and fingers. Extensor expansion Tendons of extensor digitorum Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus Extensor digitorum Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi radialis longus Tendons of extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus Extensor indicis Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi ulnaris Anconeus Insertion of triceps brachii Brachioradialis

69 Figure 10.17b Muscles of the posterior fascial compartment of the right forearm acting on the wrist and fingers. Interossei Extensor indicis Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Abductor pollicis longus Supinator Anconeus Olecranon of ulna

70 A&P Flix : Supinator

71 A&P Flix : Muscles of the Forearm (a)

72 A&P Flix : Muscles of the Forearm (b)

73 A&P Flix : Muscles of the Forearm (c)

74 Table Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand

75 Table Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand (continued)

76 Table Summary: Actions of Muscles Acting on the Arm, Forearm, and Hand (continued)

77 Figure 10.18a Summary: Actions of muscles of the right arm and forearm. Key: Extensors Flexors Others Triceps brachii Lateral head Long head Medial head Posterior compartment of arm (extends elbow); innervated by radial nerve Humerus Brachialis Short head Long head Biceps brachii Muscles of the arm Anterior compartment of arm (flexes elbow); innervated by musculocutaneous nerve

78 Figure 10.18b Summary: Actions of muscles of the right arm and forearm. Key: Extensors Flexors Others Posterior compartment of forearm (extends wrist and fingers); innervated by radial nerve Others Radius Abductor pollicis longus Pronator teres Brachioradialis (elbow flexor) Extensors Ulna Flexors Muscles of the forearm Anterior compartment of forearm (flexes wrist and fingers); innervated by median or ulnar nerve

79 A&P Flix : Muscles That Act on the Wrist and Fingers: An Overview

80 A&P Flix : Carpal Tunnel

81 Animation: Rotating Hand

82 Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers Small, weak muscles that lie entirely within palm of hand control precise movements of metacarpals and fingers (example: threading a needle) Abductors and adductors of fingers produce opposition move thumb toward little finger Flexion: thumb bends medially along palm, and fingers bend anteriorly Extension: thumb points laterally, and fingers move posteriorly

83 Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers (cont.) Flexion and extension

84 A&P Flix : Movements of the Wrist and Fingers (a)

85 Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers (cont.) Abduction and adduction

86 A&P Flix : Movements of the Wrist and Fingers (b)

87 Table 10.13: Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers (cont.) Three muscle groups Thenar eminence (ball of thumb) Hypothenar eminence (ball of the little finger) Each of above groups has flexor, abductor, and opponens muscle Midpalmar muscles: lumbricals and interossei extend fingers Interossei muscles also abduct and adduct fingers

88 Table Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers

89 Table Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers (continued)

90 Table Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand: Fine Movements of the Fingers (continued)

91 Figure 10.19a Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand. Tendons of: Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis Third lumbrical Fourth lumbrical Opponens digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Abductor digiti minimi Pisiform bone Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons First superficial layer Fibrous sheath Second lumbrical Dorsal interossei First lumbrical Adductor pollicis Flexor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis Flexor retinaculum Abductor pollicis longus Tendons of: Palmaris longus Flexor carpi radialis Flexor pollicis longus

92 Figure 10.19b Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand. Flexor digitorum profundus tendon Flexor digitorum superficialis tendon Palmar interossei Opponens digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis (cut) Abductor digiti minimi (cut) Second layer Opponens pollicis Dorsal interossei Adductor pollicis Flexor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis longus tendon

93 Figure 10.19c Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand. Palmar interossei Palmar interossei (isolated)

94 Figure 10.19d Hand muscles, ventral views of right hand. Dorsal interossei Dorsal interossei (isolated)