Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery for Parkinson s Disease
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1 Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery for Parkinson s Disease Demystifying Medicine 24 January 2012 Kareem A. Zaghloul, MD, PhD Staff Physician, Surgical Neurology Branch NINDS
2 Surgery for Parkinson s Disease Medically refractory PD Thalamotomy (VIM/VOP) Tremor suppression Risks of speech impairment, memory loss, and hemiparesis Pallidotomy (Posteroventral) Rigidity and bradykinesia Risks of visual deficit and speech impairment Perrine, K. et. al. (1998) Cognitive functioning after pallidotomy for refractory Parkinson s disease Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 65:
3 Indications FDA approved for: Parkinson s Disease (2002) Essential Tremor (1997) Dystonia (2003) OCD (HDE 2009)
4 Basal Ganglia
5 Basal Ganglia Circuitry
6 Parkinson s Disease
7 Parkinson s Disease Hammond, C et al (2007) Pathological synchronization in Parkinson s disease: networks, models, and treatments Trends in Neurosciences 30:
8 Parkinson s Disease Hammond, C et al (2007) Pathological synchronization in Parkinson s disease: networks, models, and treatments Trends in Neurosciences 30: Kuhn, A et al (2009) Pathological synchronisation in the subthalamic nucleus of patients with Parkinson s disease relates to both bradykinesia and rigidity Experimental Neurology 215:
9 Deep Brain Stimulation
10 Electrode Ablation
11 Parkinson s Disease
12 High frequency stimulation Movement amplitude [% BL] Individual beta power [% BL] Kuhn, A et al (2008) High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus suppresses oscillatory B activity in patients with Parkinson s disease in parallel with improved motor performance Journal of Neuroscience 28: Hammond, C et al (2007) Pathological synchronization in Parkinson s disease: networks, models, and treatments Trends in Neurosciences 30:
13 Basal Ganglia Courtesy of Kirk Finnis, Medtronic
14 Basal Ganglia
15 Basal Ganglia
16 Basal Ganglia Caudate
17 Basal Ganglia Caudate Putamen, GP
18 Basal Ganglia Caudate Putamen, GP Internal Capsule
19 Basal Ganglia Caudate Putamen, GP Internal Capsule Red Nucleus
20 Basal Ganglia Caudate Putamen, GP Internal Capsule Red Nucleus STN
21 Basal Ganglia Caudate Putamen, GP Internal Capsule Red Nucleus STN Substantia Nigra
22 Basal Ganglia
23 Basal Ganglia Red Nucleus
24 Basal Ganglia STN Red Nucleus
25 Stereotactic Surgery Victor Horsley & Robert Henry Clarke
26 Stereotactic Surgery Ernest Spiegel & Henry Wycis 1947 Spiegel, E et al (1947) Stereotaxic apparatus for operations on the human brain Science 106:
27 Stereotactic Neurosurgery
28 Stereotactic Neurosurgery
29 Anterior Commissure-Posterior Commissure
30 Anterior Commissure-Posterior Commissure
31 Anterior Commissure-Posterior Commissure
32 Anterior Commissure-Posterior Commissure
33 Anterior Commissure-Posterior Commissure
34 Stereotactic Neurosurgery
35 Stereotactic Neurosurgery
36 Microelectrode Recording (MER) Courtesy of Kirk Finnis, Medtronic
37 Microelectrode Recording (MER) Courtesy of Kirk Finnis, Medtronic
38 Microelectrode Recording (MER) Rt Type A Rt Type B STN SNpr I Hutchison, WD et al (1998) Neurophysiological Idenification of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Surgery for Parkinson s Disease Annals of Neurology 44(4):
39 Microelectrode Recording (MER)
40 Deep Brain Stimulation
41 Deep Brain Stimulation
42 Efficacy PD Weaver, FM et al (2009) Bilateral deep brain stimulation vs best medical therapy for patients with advanced Parkinson s disease JAMA 301: Andrade, P et al (2009) A systematic review of the efficacy of globus pallidus stimulation in the treatment of Parkinson s disease J Clin Neuro 16:
43 Efficacy Subthalamic Nucleus Rigidity and bradykinesia; ~40% reduction of medication Globus Pallidus Rigidity and bradykinesia Ventral Intermediate Nucleus (Thalamus) Tremor suppression
44 Efficacy Subthalamic Nucleus Rigidity and bradykinesia; ~40% reduction of medication Globus Pallidus Rigidity and bradykinesia Ventral Intermediate Nucleus (Thalamus) Tremor suppression Pedunculopontine Nucleus Gait and postural instability
45 Deep Brain Stimulation Courtesy of Kirk Finnis, Medtronic
46 Thank you
47
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