Postural abnormalities in male and female students of Ferdowsi University Mashhad

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1 International Journal of Sport Studies. Vol., 3 (12), , 213 Available online at http: ISSN Postural abnormalities in and fe students of Ferdowsi University Mashhad Ahmad Ebrahimi Atri¹, Zohre Mohali², Maedeh Taghizadeh³, Elham Davoodpoor³ 1- Associate professor in sport rehabilitation, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran 2- Sama technical and vocational training college, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad branch, Iran 3- MSϲ students in corrective exercise and Sport Injury, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran *Corresponding Author, Maedeh.taghizadeh@yahoo.com Abstract Purpose: the aim of this study was investigating posture abnormalities in and fe students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Method: The present study is of free-descriptive type. In this study twelve cases of height abnormalities among 346 fe and 357 students with the age average of 21±3, height average of 165, 54±1.6 and weight average of.64± 13 were investigated. The data was gathered with the use practical test, meter, pedi-scope, scale, individual examination, standard Newyork test and postural screen. In this study data analysis was used from descriptive statistical. Results: As the reported results show, totally 92.7% of all subjects had physical abnormalities in one way or another. In s the most amounts of abnormalities is reported as: uneven shoulder%77.9, head forward %. 3, lordosis genuvarum%41. 7respectively. Where the amount of abnormalities in fes is reported as: uneven shoulder%75.1, lordosis %33. 9, genuvarum %32. 8, headforward %32. 2 respectively. Conclusion: Because of high prevalence of abnormalities among students, it is recommended that all instructors place more emphasis on training and using corrective actions in course one of general physical education. Furthermore, teaching the correct sleeping, walking, sitting and carrying ways will stop high expenses and devoting long times for clinical remedies. Keyword: posture abnormalities, Newyork test, and fe students Introduction One of the important development indicators of countries is the health of the people in that society (Seneh, 29). Along with industrial advances and daily life s mechanization and as a result of lack of movement different body parts have undergone numerous weaknesses and inadequacies and these inadequacies are shown in form of abnormal changes in height and losing the vertical form of spine and then results in some skeleton abnormalities. The quality of human physical condition is of utmost importance, because the changes resulted from this issue will affect other human conditions. The spinal column is the main axis of body. Besides its role as the protector of spinal cord, it is one of the most sensitive parts of the body. And at the same time it plays an essential role in motion and stability of body framework (Arab, 25) (Dobosiewicz et al., 22). If human skeletal structure lost its natural condition, not only would it hurt individual s whole appearance, but also it would affect natural action of all other vital organs in ribcage and abdomen and consequences of such abnormalities are general and muscular fatigue, joints deformation, shortness and elongation of ligaments, muscle s softness, biomechanical imbalance,muscle s power deduction and other physical preparedness elements, increasing blood lactic acid,cardiovascular disorders and finally person s absence in the society (Connolly et al., 24). 13

2 Based on the previous researches, RahbarKahkhajale (21) in his study observed that the prevalence rate of abnormality is 82.1 percent. Alizadeh (1989) investigated physical condition of national team athletes and compared it with the index of physical condition. He found that the prevalence rate of abnormality is percent. Golpayegani (1994) run a research on the condition of spinal column among university students in Arak. He showed that the prevalence rate of spinal abnormality is high, percent. Rahimi (23), in investigating the amount and causes of spinal abnormalities in university students, concluded that each subject suffers from one or several spinal tilt. The results of researches show that the role of postural abnormality is high in Iran. Every day the amount of illnesses and physical discomfort and muscles performance weaknesses is increasing. A lot of researches have been done on postural abnormalities; however they are not cohesive enough. In his research, Mousavi Gillani (21) reported that the largest amount of prevalence in boy s population related to uneven shoulder, percent, and in girls population related to waist lordosis, percent. And also the smallest amount of prevalence in boy s population is related to lateral pelvic tilt, percent, and in girls population is related to lateral deviation of head, 1.58 percent. The results of Rahimi s study on Shiraz university students indicated that the post prevalent deviation, with 73.2 percent, corresponds to flat foot in girls, and with 56.7 percent, in lordosis boys. The least deviation with 6.2 percent corresponds to kyphosis in girls and with.6 percent corresponds to tilt of the trunk to the rear in boys. Rahbakahkhajale showed that among abnormalities, waist lordosis with 65.9 percent, flat foot with 58.5 percent, Genu valgus with 56.9 percent and big abdomen with 54.5 percent are the most frequent. And the least frequent corresponds to pelvic tilt with 4.1 percent and flat back. In another study, Askari (1984) compared the amount of spine abnormality in fe students majoring in physical education and sport science in Islamic Azad University. He stated that about 88 percent of all members of population suffer from spine abnormality. uneven shoulder was the most prevalent abnormality and pelvic tilt was the least among subjects. Based on the results obtained researches on abnormalities, without considering severity and weakness, the existence of postural abnormality among individual is something natural. Physical education as an effective tool in dealing with such problems and in reducing its harmful consequences needs more studies to be able to provide make principled plan for physical and mental health of individuals specially young adults. On the other hand in today s society, any plans will not produce positive results unless they are based on research findings and sound statistics. Although a lot of researches have been done on physical abnormalities in and outside of the country few researches have been found which compare all stature abnormalities in both girl and boy groups. Therefore the present study aimed at comparing the stature abnormalities of and fe students at Ferdowsi University. Materials and Methods The present study is a descriptive-field type of research. In this study 12 items of stature abnormalities were investigated among 3 students from Ferdowsi University. The participants were studying in academic year. Their age range from 21 to 23 years old, with average height of ± 1.6 and average weight of.64± 13. Based on the previous researches and Cohen table, the sample size included 364 fe students and 357 students. The participants were chosen randomly from different faculties. The data gathered practical test, meter, pedi scope, scale, individual examination, New York standard test, and postural screen. In order to collect data all participants came to a room for examination and taking the test in a specified time. The questionnaire designed based on the information and items of New York test included personal information of all subjects. Some information like age, height, weight, sport activity experience, existence or nonexistence of any special illness was asked. The postural screen was used to examine anterior-posterior and lateral views. The pedi-scope and bevel meter were used to investigate feet and toes abnormalities. The examiner investigated each abnormality based on standard methods. To investigate and identify the kind of spine lateral tilt in terms of structure or operation the Adam s test was utilized. In this study data analysis was used from descriptive statistical. 1331

3 Results Figure1 represents the condition of stature abnormalities in boys. The largest amounts of abnormalities among boys are: uneven shoulder, 77.9%, head forward,.3%, lordosis 46.57%, bow-legged, 41.7%. The smallest amounts of abnormalities are: scoliosis with 2.5% and hammer toe with 3.6% Figure 1: Percent posture abnormalities of students in Ferdowsi University Figure2 shows the condition of postural abnormalities in fe students. The largest amounts of abnormalities among girls are: uneven shoulder 75.1%, lordosis 33.9%, Genuvarum 32.8%, and head forward 32.8%. And the smallest amounts of abnormalities are hammer toe with 4% and claw finger with 1.1%. Fe Fe Figure 2: Percent posture abnormalities of fe students in Ferdowsi University The result this test for s and fes is presented in Figure3. In s the most amount of abnormalities is reported as: uneven shoulder %77.9, head forward %.3, lordosis46.5 genuvarum %41.7 respectively.where the amount of abnormalities in fes is reported as: uneven shoulder %75.1, lordosis %33.9, genuvarum %32.8, head forward %32.2 respectively. 1332

4 fe Figure 3: Percent posture abnormalities of and fe students in Ferdowsi University Discussion and Conclusions This survey indicated that, totally 92.7% of all subjects had physical abnormalities in one way or another. However Rahbarkahkhajale (21) reported 82.1 percent. Alizadeh (1989) reported that the prevalence rate of abnormalities is 94.44%. Golpayegani (1994) showed that the prevalence rate of abnormalities is 97.25%. In another study in Shiraz University, it was shown that each subject suffered from one or several abnormalities. This results of the present study based on the existence of postural abnormalities are in line with some studies. But regarding the prevalence amount of abnormalities, they are different. One reason is maybe due to the difference between the types of abnormalities under study. Some studies exclusively investigated the abnormalities around the spine column. Based on the results of the study, uneven shoulder, lordosis, and head forward were the most prevalent abnormalities in upper body. These results are paralleling with the results of Ghafar poor (22) and Shoja- al- Dini (24). And scoliosis was the least abnormality which is paralleling with Shoji-al- Dini (24) and Ghadami (1991). The results also show that in lower body, genu valgum, genu varum, flat foot, and halux valgus were the most prevalent, however hammer and claw finger were the least prevalent. These results are also in line with Shoja-al- Dini (24). Studies indicate that weakness in the surrounding muscles of shoulder; bad sitting habits, carrying heavy objects and performing daily chores with the dominant hand are the reasons of increase in uneven shoulder. Beside, type of wearing, type of physical activities, and growth of breasts are of reasons for height abnormalities particularly Kyphosis and Scoliosis in them. According to the findings of the present study, preparing good conditions for activities, fighting lack of movement, enhancing the physical education hours for students and also sieving plan are essential Because of high prevalence of abnormalities among students, it is recommended that all instructors place more emphasis on training and using corrective actions in course one of general physical education. Furthermore, teaching the correct sleeping, walking, sitting and carrying ways will stop high expenses and devoting long times for clinical remedies. References Arab, A.M, 25. The effects of mechanical factors in incidence of back pain. Kowsar Medical journal, 9(1): Askari A.R, Comparative investigation of the prevalence of spinal abnormalities boys and girls students of physical education majors Master's thesis: University of Azad Aslame. 1333

5 Alizadeh M.H, SurveyPhysical condition of athletes, national teams and comparison with the indicators and provide remedial training, Master s thesis: University of Tarbiat Modarres. Connolly L.P, Drubach L.A, Connolly S.A, Trevees S.T, 24. Young athletes with low back pain: skeletal scintigraphy of condition other than pars interarticularisstess. Clinnuclmed. 29 (11): Dobosiewicz K, Durmala J, Jendrzejek H, Czernicki K, 22. Influence of method of asymmetric trunk mobilization on shaping of a physiological thoracic kyphosis in children and youth suffering from progressive idiopathic scoliosis.stud health technol inform 91: Golpayegani M, Evaluation of postural abnormalities of the spine, Arak University students. Master's thesis: University of Islamic Azad. Ghaafar Poor Y, 22. Survey changes scoliosis after a period of corrective training. Master's thesis: University of Guilan. Ghadame A.A, Evaluation of deviations lower limb tips 11 to 15 year old students of Isfahan. Department of Education in Isfahan. Mousavi Gilani S.R, 21. Comparison of the prevalence of spinal abnormalities in boys and girls students of Zahedan University, Research on Olympics, No.2, pp: Rahimi A, 23. Survey stature abnormalities boys and girls students of Shiraz University, Research on Human and social sciences, Shiraz, No.1, pp: Rahbarkahkhajale A.R, Shojaodin Sadr S, 21. Frequency of skeletal disorders in student.zahedanjres Med Sci (ZJRMS); 13(2):49. Seneh A, 29. Comparison of the prevalence of upper limb postural abnormalities school students, boys and girls Research on Educational innovation, No., pp: Shephard R.J, Physiology and biochemistry of exercise, torento: champaign IL, human kinetics publishers. Shojaeddin S.S.D, 24. Skeletal abnormalities of the students described guidance Damavand city and its relationship with selected demographic characteristics Research on Sports Science movement, pp: