HOWDY AGS! Exercise Biomechanics. Welcome to KINE 426! 4 hour lecture/lab class 3 contact hrs in lecture 3 contact hrs in laboratory

Transcription

1 HOWDY AGS! Welcome to KINE 426! Exercise Biomechanics 4 hour lecture/lab class 3 contact hrs in lecture 3 contact hrs in laboratory

2 KINE 426 Team Dr. John Lawler - lecture instructor Jeff Hord, Jackie Perticone: laboratory assistants you will conduct experiments! John Lawler - support Exercise Biomechanics old class name: Kinesiology

3 Kinesiology: The Science of Movement Kinein to move Logos to discourse or study in a scientific manner Used today Division, Departments, broad field

4 KINE 426 Exercise Biomechanics Usain Bolt Performance - techniques Exercise for Rehabilitation, Health, Fitness

5 Exercise Biomechanics Integrative, Applied Science Exercise Biomechanics application of mechanics to musculoskeletal system during exercise

6 KINE 426 Exercise Biomechanics Integrative, applied, pragmatic science Merging - anatomy, physiology, mechanics 3 prerequisites for class - sports medicine branch of orthopedics sports-related injuries

7 KINE 426 Exercise Biomechanics Exercise for Health Reduce risk of chronic diseases Type II diabetes, obesity, heart disease, hypertension, cancer, Alzheimer s We have the genes of hunter gatherers - engineered for activity to procure food

8 KINE 426 Exercise Biomechanics Exercise for Health Reduce risk of chronic diseases Type II diabetes, obesity, heart disease, hypertension, cancer, Alzheimer s Exercise modifies specific proteins Ex. NADPH oxidase, nitric oxide synthase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)

9 KINE 426 How to Score a great Grade! Bee Prepared! - Read presentations, text, and lab materials before class! - Take Notes during class - (re)commit to memory formulae, standard units, muscle anatomy - Study Nightly (Don t Cram!) - Prepare for each laboratory! - Ask Content questions! - Practice, Practice, Practice!

10 KINE 426 How to Score a great Grade! Bee Prepared! Bee Positive, Professional, Persistent, and Passionate (the 4 Ps!)

11 It s all about You Summer % As, 62% Bs, 7% Cs Diligence!

12 Exercise Biomechanics Represents the human body as a mechanical system or machine Involves the application of physics and engineering principles during analysis of locomotion (walking, running, etc.), exercise, athletic activities, and rehabilitation (PT, OT, cardiac rehab.) Young discipline --> Technology Computer-equipment interface, cell & molecular biology

13 Course Content and Design Based on a description and set of standards proposed by the American Alliance of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (AAHPERD) in 1991 Course Description: An integrative, mechanistic study of the biomechanics human motion during physical activity and exercise: biology and mechanical properties of the human movement system including bones, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, skeletal muscle, joints, and other whole body mechanisms are investigated.

14 Exercise Biomechanics Course Structure A. Whole Body Biomechanics Muscular anatomy Anatomical, linear, angular reference systems Applying mechanics exercise Kinematics (velocity, acceleration) Kinetics (force, torque, power) Exercise Applications Performance techniques Injury prevention, Rehabilitation Use, design of exercise, sports equipment Applications to daily living Health Workplace design (Ergonomics)

15 Exercise Biomechanics Course Structure B. Tissue Biomechanics - components Bones Tendons Ligaments Cartilage Injury prevention, Rehabilitation

16 The Human Mechanical System (Human Movement System) Skeletal muscle - driving force & power Connective tissue Bones Tendons Ligaments Cartilage Fascia - skeletal muscle Guidance system - receptors (ex. muscle spindles) Processors (brain, spinal cord, motorneurons)

17 Exercise Biomechanics Course Structure C. Skeletal Muscle & Joint Biomechanics Generation of force, velocity, power joints Running Back injuries Weight training machine design

18 Exercise Biomechanics Young discipline --> Technology Classic mechanical, engineering concepts + cool tools Computer-equipment interface, cell & molecular biology Digital Video Laboratory - Research

19 Exercise Biomechanics Young discipline --> Technology: hands-on

20 Exercise Biomechanics Young discipline --> Technology: hands-on

21 Using Exercise Biomechanics *Optimizing performance, health benefits of exercise Minimizing chronic disease risk, physical fitness, brain development/preservation Doing our best in athletic events Playing safe Pre-hab: preparing connective tissues, muscle Re-hab: promoting recovery after injury

22 Applications (what s in it for me?) Teacher Certification Understanding the capabilities and limitations of students Developing age-appropriate activities Developing activities which are fun, safe, and of benefit to student health

23 Applications Wellness/Fitness Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in: Adult fitness Qualified personnel (ACSM certification) National Strength & Conditioning Association, KINE degree

24 Applications Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in: Athletic training Triage of sports injuries Rehab Conditioning

25 Applications Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in: Cardiac Rehabilitation Disease Prevention

26 Applications Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in: Physical Therapy Rehab after surgery Orthopedic injury

27 Applications Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in: Occupational Therapy Relearning tasks of daily living

28 Applications Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in: Medicine Diagnosing sprain severity ACL graft surgery Prosthetics Arthritis

29 Applications Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning Understanding the health maintenance and rehabilitative processes in: * Nursing Recovery from Orthopedic surgery

30 Applications Outdoor Education/Recreation Knowing the physical limitations of human performance in outdoor recreation Understanding the technical aspects of equipment use and design

31 Applications Applied & Basic Exercise Physiology, Motor Learning *Graduate School Research Aging Osteoporosis Parkinson s Exercise Sedentary lifestyle Diabetes Cardiovascular disease Obesity Muscular dystrophy Spaceflight KINE 485, 491 Internships Work Study

32 Integrative, problem solving approach to Exercise Biomechanics Your mind should be a place where you work things out, not store a bunch of stuff. - Albert Einstein

33 Get on Board!

34 Get on Board! Things move fast in the Summer!

35 Let s Jump into Biomechanics!

36 Integration of Disciplines --> Exercise Biomechanics Anatomy the study of body structure and function Gross (whole body) anatomy Cellular anatomy Physiology study of the integrated function of cells, tissues, and organ systems Mechanics branch of physics which studies forces and their effects on mechanical structures

37 Integration of Disciplines --> --> Exercise Biomechanics Statics - branch of mechanics dealing with systems in a constant state of motion Dynamics - branch of mechanics dealing with systems subject to acceleration Biomechanics: Application of mechanical principles in the study of living organisms and their function

38 ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY MECHANICS BIOMECHANICS EXERCISE BIOMECHANICS SPORTS MEDICINE

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40 Problem solving - Complexity of Human Movement In order to understand the basics, we will use the underlying principle of the human body as a mechanical machine.

41 Human-made Machine Wears out with use Must replace damaged parts with new ones Designed for a limited number of purposes IBM Deep Blue vs Garry Kasparov (1997) Human Machine May improve with use Can repair itself (within limits ex. torn ligament) Joint sprain Muscle soreness tendonitis Capable of learning (diversity of purposes) Andrea Zambrano

42 Problem Solving - Critical Thinking in Biomechanics: Asking how? How do forces produced by muscles create movement at the joints? How are running shoes designed to reduce injury and improve running performance? How does joint cartilage act as a shock absorber? How does genetics play a role in muscle power? How do we design prosthetics (ex. artificial knee) to optimize function?

43 Critical Thinking in Biomechanics: Asking How? How?

44 Critical Thinking in Biomechanics: Asking why, how? How do muscle forces create torque at joints The ability to produce rotation Kinetics: causal analysis of movement joint Fm torque

45 Critical Thinking in Biomechanics: Asking how, why? Why are rotator cuff injuries common in swimming and in baseball/softball? Why does a curve ball curve? Why do joint sprains often take so long to heal? Why are bone fractures common in the elderly? Critical thinking is an important part of biomechanical analysis

46 Historical Timeline Combining Classic Knowledge w/ Today s Tech Aristotle ( BC) Student of Plato Founded own school (lyceum) Wrote extensively on philosophy, politics, logic, natural sciences, and physics Much of his complete works were lost Pictured the human body as a machine: muscles cause an action which moves the bones at the joints

47 Historical Timeline Combining Classic Knowledge w/ Today s Tech Leonardo DaVinci ( ) Artist Mona Lisa, Last Supper Scientist Anatomist (one of the first scientists to make a detailed record of human dissections) Detailed descriptions of design of skeleton Illustrated muscle origins and insertions

48 Historical Timeline Combining Classic Knowledge w/ Today s Tech Sir Isaac Newton ( ) Developed basic Laws of Motion Invented calculus Developed the theory of gravity which was held until updated by Einstein s theories Founder of the Royal Academy of Sciences Despite his contributions to science, Newton s primary investigations were into Biblical text

49 Historical Timeline Combining Classic Knowledge w/ Today s Tech Thomas Alva Edison (from Menlo Park, NJ) 1093 inventions including: the electric light bulb, voice transmitter (amplifier), answering machine, and phonograph Invented motion pictures in 1888 He used a roll of film called a kinetoscope Quote from Edison: Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration.

50 Historical Timeline Combining Classic Knowledge w/ Today s Tech Computers transistor (1940s - common by 60s) microcomputers 1960s: NASA 1970s: research 1980s: public - Apple, IBM, Compaq, Dell, etc.

51 Historical Timeline Combining Classic Knowledge w/ Today s Tech Digital Video 1990s Equipment DV cameras DVRs Easy to interface with computer, video

52 Historical Timeline Combining Classic Knowledge w/ Today s Tech Exercise Biomechanics is only reaching maturity as a science Principles - many are quite old and applied by Engineers for machines - Engineering approach to mechanics of the human body Technology Film analysis; Digital video analysis Interfacing with computers Tools of cellular and molecular biology

53 Technology & Biomechanics Exercise Biomechanics is only reaching maturity as a science Biomaterials - hydrogels Gait analysis ww.datlof.com/8axam al/docs/marketing/jhu/je/index.htm

54 Technology & Biomechanics Exercise Biomechanics is only reaching maturity as a science Orthoscopic surgery Rehabilitation

55 Current Applications of Biomechanics Problem Solving Orthopedic Surgeons and Engineers : Design of artificial hips and knees (prosthetics) Design of support devices (knee braces, etc.) Synthetic and natural replacements for structural tissues (cartilage replacement)

56 Current Applications of Biomechanics Problem Solving Physiologists and Engineers EXAMPLES: Response of bone and connective tissue (ligaments, tendons) to exercise training, rehab

57 Current Applications of Biomechanics Problem Solving Space Scientists (NASA) EXAMPLES: Adaptation to low gravity environments Bone loss Atrophy of skeletal muscle Loss of blood volume, CV function Orthostatic intolerance (fainting)

58 Current Applications of Biomechanics Problem Solving Exercise Biomechanists and Engineers EXAMPLES: Design of running shoes Design of exercise equipment (Nautilus and Cybex equipment, etc.) Design of competitive sportswear, protective gear Football pads and helmets Low friction swimming, cycling, and running wear

59 Current Applications of Biomechanics Problem Solvers Giants of Whole Body Biomechanics Peter Cavanagh - Penn State University (1970s - Today U. of Washington NSBRI, NASA Biomechanics of athletic and orthopedic shoewear > worked with Nike in the 70s, 80s > Runner s World articles > concepts of cushioning (shock absorption) > elastic recoil (bounce) in shoes

60 Current Applications of Biomechanics Problem Solvers Early Giants of Tissue Biomechanics Charlie Tipton - Exercise Physiologist (1960s - 90s) University of Iowa Effect of Exercise on bone and connective tissue biomechanics and chemistry Arthur Vailas - student

61 Current Applications of Biomechanics Problem Solvers Early Giants of Tissue Biomechanics Savio Woo - Biomedical Engineer (1970s - 80s) UCSD, UPitt Effect of exercise (increased forces/mechanical stress) and immobilization (decreased mechanical. stress) on connective tissue Revolutionized Sports Injury Therapeutics! Lifetime Achievement - ACSM