自我服务偏向研究现状与展望 1 引言 2 概念界定. ) (Stewart, 2005) (Murdock & Edwards, 2010),, Allport (1937) (nature s eldest law) Miller Ross (1975),

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1 2011, Vol. 19, No. 7, Advances in Psychological Science DOI: /SP.J * 自我服务偏向研究现状与展望 人们常将满意的结果归因于自己的能力或努力, 将不满意的结果归因为他人或环境, 这种接受成功的荣誉而否认失败责任的倾向称为自我服务偏向 目前, 对该偏向的理论解释并未达成统一的结论, 争论主要集中在其产生是由认知驱动或动机驱动, 抑或两者兼有 大量研究表明, 自我服务偏向普遍存在于日常生活中, 并受年龄 性别 文化 精神机能障碍等因素的影响, 但对其脑机制的研究相对较少 未来研究中, 应拓宽对非抑郁症精神机能障碍患者的自我服务偏向研究以及不同群体自我服务偏向特点的研究 ; 自我服务偏向的脑机制研究 跨文化研究以及国外已有研究成果在我国的适用性也将成为未来研究的关注点 归因 ; 自我服务偏向 ; 自我增强 ; 自我表现 B849: C91 1 引言, (, ) (, ) (, ), (, ) (Stewart, 2005) (Murdock & Edwards, 2010),, (, ),, (self-serving bias) (Miller & Ross, 1975) (Roese & Olson, 2007), (Malle, 2006), : * (EIA100409) (10-GJ-0236) (06CZX024) :, houchao928@163.com, 2 概念界定, Allport (1937) (nature s eldest law) Miller Ross (1975),, Bradley (1978) (public image),, Miller (1978) Bradley (1978), 1054

2 7 : 1055 (description) Gibbs (2003) (distortion) (primary) (secondary), ; (Barriga, Gibbs, Potter, & Liau, 2001), (Eysenck, 2010) 3 自我服务偏向的理论解释, (Serenko, 2007),, (Park, Bauer, & Arbuckle, 2009; Shepperd, Malone, & Sweeny, 2008) 3.1 自我服务偏向的认知性解释 (, ) (Miller & Ross, 1975), (illusion of objectivity),,, (Shepperd et al., 2008),,,, Campbell Sedikides (1999),,,,, (Shepperd et al., 2008),, (self-view),, (self-schema) ; (biased hypothesis testing) (different standards of proof) ( ) ( ),,, 3.2 自我服务偏向的动机性解释 自我增强 (Snyder, Stephan, & Rosenfield, 1976) (,, 2006),,,, (von Hippel, Lakin, & Shakarchi, 2005),,

3 (identity) (Marsh & Young, 1997), (Heine & Hamamura, 2007), ( ) 自我表现 (self presentation) (Baumeister, 1998), (,,, 2008), (Fast & Tiedens, 2010),,,,, (Shepperd et al., 2008),, (wishful thinking) (Mezulis, Abramson, Hyde, & Hankin, 2004), (medial prefrontal cortex, mpfc; ), (Ochsner, Knierim, Ludlow, Hanelin, Ramachandran, Glover et al., 2004) (Fischer, Greitemeyer, & Frey, 2007), 4 自我服务偏向的影响因素 4.1 年龄 (8 ),,, (8~11 ) (55 ), (12~18) (25~55 ) (Mezulis et al., 2004) (Jacobs, Lanza, Osgood, Eccles, & Wigfield, 2002), (,,, 2009), (,,, 2009), Mezuils (2004) (community-dwelling),,,, (paradox of happiness) (invulnerable self), (Carstensen, 2007) 4.2 性别, (Campbell & Sedikides, 1999),, (Shepperd et al., 2008) (Mezulis et al., 2004),,,,,

4 7 : 1057 (Mezulis et al., 2004), 4.3 文化, (Marsh & Young, 1997),, (dispositional) (Mezulis et al., 2004), (Choi, Nisbett, & Norenzayan, 1999), (Heine & Hamamura, 2007) Mezulis (2004) (subgrouping) ( 16 ),, ; ( ),, 4.4 精神机能障碍 ;,, (Taylor & Brown, 1988), (psychopathology) (Fraguas, Mena, Franco, Martín-Blas, Nugent, & Rodríguez-Solano, 2008), (,,,,, 2003),, ;, Jolley (2006),,, (Shepperd et al., 2008),, ( ),, ( ) (Mezulis et al., 2004) (Hoza, Waschbusch, Pelham, Molina, & Milich, 2000), ( ) ( ) 5 自我服务偏向的脑机制研究 : 少量 ERP/fMRI 证据 Drake Seligman (1989), (behavioral method) (, ) Davidson, Abramson, Tomarken Wheeler (1991),, (, ) Blackwood (2003) (mentally simulating events),, (,, ), fmri, (bilateral caudate) (BOLD) ; (angular gyrus) (middle temporal gyrus) (orbitofrontal cortex) BOLD, Krusemark, Campbell Clementz (2008)

5 (facial working memory), ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),, ERP, 140 ms, 220 ms 320 ms ERP, 140ms 220ms, 320 ms, mpfc,, mpfc mpfc (Ochsner et al., 2004), Krusemark (2008) 6 小结与展望,, (Fraguas, Mena, Franco, & Martin-Blas, 2007), (Hoza et al., 2000), (, ),, (Abramson, Alloy, Hankin, Haeffel, Gibb, & MacCoon, 2002), (left frontal cortex), (behavioral approach system) mpfc, (Krusemark et al, 2008) (Blackwood et al, 2003),,,,,,,, (Morry, 2007; Walther & Bazarova, 2007) (Nas, Brugman, & Koops, 2008), (Murdock & Edwards, 2010),, (, ; ;,,, ),, (Heine & Hamamura, 2007),, ;

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