Risk and Criminogenic Needs Assessment System

Transcription

1 Risk and Criminogenic Needs Assessment System Directorate-General of Portuguese Prison Services Jorge Monteiro Programmes Department 1

2 Summary 1. Institutional context of the assessment 2. Assessment vs Diagnosis 3. Guiding principles of Risk and Needs Assessment 4. Development process of the Risk and Criminogenic Needs Assessment t System Brief overview of the RCNASystem 2

3 Cycle of sentence Execution Intake Planning Assessment/ Monitoring 3

4 Strategy of Technical Intervention in Prison Environment Assessment of urgent intervention needs: Personal (healthcare) Family (unprotected minors) Social and Labor (commitments, obligations) Criminogenic needs Risk level Individual follow-up: Case Manager Periodic assessment during the remaining sentence time Reformulation and reassessment Differentiated treatment: Individualized medical and psychological support Programs oriented toward specific problems

5 Intervenção Técnica em Meio Prisional ASSESSMENT VS. DIAGNOSIS 5

6 Diagnosis Case-study methodology From Detail to the Global picture: Identification / detection of signs and symptoms Framing of symptoms according to pre-established nosological criteria Production of diagnosis aiming at listing and characterizing the typology of the problem at hand Focus on treatment: Elimination of symptom Restoration of the individual s general homeostasis Adoption of diagnosis methodology in forensic context (prison): Technical decision making not possible (appraisals and reports) Low operational feasibility of the concept, since it does not allow dynamic variations (psychoses) in specific diagnoses Risk of legitimating supported non-intervention in diagnoses typologies (low treatability) 6

7 Assessment Case study methodology Selective gathering of information: Clearly defined goal Continuous and dynamic process of information gathering and systematization Focus on intervention: Oriented toward specific problems Manipulation of areas / problem in order to achieve transformation / adaptation / restoration Application of the assessment methodology in forensic context (prison): Fact-based technical decision making possible (appraisals and reports) Continuous and dynamic process sensitive to individual variations per areas / problem Legitimating supported intervention by fighting non-intervention 7

8 Intervenção Técnica em Meio Prisional Risk Assessment Guiding Principles 8

9 According to Andrews Bonta (1998), we should focus on four major intervention guiding principles 1 Risk principle Criminal behavior may be predicted Evaluation vs. Intensity of intervention High need - High intensity Low need - Low intensity 2 Needs principle Criminogenic needs vs. Non-criminogenic needs Provision of specific data on priority intervention areas 3 Responsiveness principle Assessment of the individual s cognitive skills Individual s learning style and pace Tailoring of the type of intervention 4 Discretionary principle Leveraging of several sources of information Utilization of assessment results to support and base the professional judgment Interpretation of all the elements available to act in an accurate and professional way 9

10 Goals and purpose of the Criminogenic Risk and Needs Assessment System This assessment instrument should be used for the following purposes Identify the criminogenic needs Assess the prisoner s characteristics that may represent an obstacle to the intervention Help foster the willingness to change Produce an intervention and risk management plan Measure the re-offence risk 10

11 Intervenção Técnica em Meio Prisional The Risk and Criminogenic Needs Assessment System 11

12 Instrument development process Jan/02 OASys (Offender Assessment System) - CEP, London Authorization by the authors to adapt Translation Jan/06 through Dec/08- PROMP- DGSP/ISCTE 187 professionals working in subgroups. Under discussion in 46 prisons. Decision: Rather than build a scientific instrument, we decided to develop a new practical instrument, inspired in best practices, and oriented by the international guidelines. Jan/09 Programmes Department Systematization of works executed Selection of two Risk Assessment instruments as best Practices OASys Offender Assessment System - Home Office England LSY-R Level of Service Inventory Canada 12

13 Instrument development process Development of a clear and accurate analysis and rating method: For each area and parameter rating-guiding rules were defined. Results communication, rather than quantifying, the System conveys guidelines regarding the level of intervention need, classifying it as low, medium and high Stressing of the linking principle between assessment and intervention: The result of the assessment performed will be the starting point to prepare the Individual rehabilitation Plan, that is the matrix underlying the whole prisoners management. Dynamic assessment tool that should be conducted at different moments in the prison path, mainly in the key moments of this process. Providing guidelines regarding the process of detailing and scrutinizing the assessments and respective analyses: The assessment results should be discussed with the evaluee aiming at fostering the coownership for the process 13

14 Intervenção Técnica em Meio Prisional Areas Assessed 14

15 43 Items OVERVIEW Registration of indicators Area evaluation 9 Areas of Assessment Items evaluation Responsivness Motivation Assessment 15

16 Influences of the Risk Assessment instruments OASys Sections 1.Offending information 2.Analysis of offences 3.Accommodation 4.Education, training and employability 5.Financial management and income 6.Relationships 7.Lifestyle and associates 8.Drug misuse 9.Alcohol misuse 10.Emotional well-being 11.Thinking and behavior 12.Attitudes 13.Health and other considerations LSY-R: Areas 1.Criminal history 2.Emotional/Personal 3.Attitude/Orientation 4.Companions 5.Family/Marital 6.Education/Employment 7.Leisure/Recreation 8.Alcohol/Drug 9.Finances 10.Accommodations SARNC: Areas 1.Criminal history 2.Social Skills 3.Personal and Emotional Skills 4.Alcohol and drug abuse 5.Family 6.Prison behavior 7.Education/Training 8.Work/Employability 9.Health 10.Motivation for changing 16

17 Area Parameter Indicators Rating Story of anti-social behavior 7 Criminal story Social skills Personal and emotional skills Attitude vis-à-vis crime 4 Current sentence 7 Pending law suits and future perspectives 3 Family involvement 5 Presentation 8 Civic responsibility 4 Social interactions 5 Communication 4 Concrete and abstract thinking 7 Problem identification and resolution 7 Consequential thinking 8 Values/Attitudes 5 Anti-social personality 6 Hostility 5 1 LOW 2 MEDIUM 3 HIGH 17

18 Area Parameter Indicators Rating Alcohol consumption 9 Addictive behaviors Family Stupefacient consumption 10 Psychotropic and anabolic substances consumption Other addictive behaviors 2 Childhood 10 Adolescence 8 Current status 5 Economic and housing situation 4 Special vulnerabilities 7 Attitude vis-à-vis prison LOW 2 MEDIUM 3 HIGH Prison path and behavior Relationship with peers 3 Risk for third parties 6 Disciplinary track record 4 Financial management 5 Measure to make conviction flexible 4 Visits 7 Labor path 7 Other activities 6 18

19 Area Parameter Indicators Rating School path 8 School education/professional training Work/Employment Health Professional qualification 5 Attitude toward school education and professional training Labor path in free environment 10 Attitude vis-à-vis work 6 Relevant previous track record 6 Autonomy 3 Physical health 3 Mental health 4 Self-destructive behaviors LOW 2 MEDIUM 3 HIGH Phase of change Rating Pre-consideration 0 Consideration 1 Preparation for action 2 Action 3 19

20 Intervenção Técnica em Meio Prisional Instrument Rating 20

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22 Centro de Competências para a Implementação e Gestão de Programas Áreas Classificação Motivação 1. HISTÓRIA CRIMINAL COMPETÊNCIAS SOCIAIS COMPETÊNCIAS PESSOAIS E EMOCIONAIS COMPORTAMENTOS ADITIVOS FAMILIAR PERCURSO E COMPORTAMENTO PRISIONAL ESCOLAR/ FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL TRABALHO/ EMPREGO FINANCEIRA SAÚDE 1 2 2ª prioriity 3ª priority 1ª priority 4ª priority 22

23 Moments of assessment Intake report (72 hours) Assessment of remand prisoners Assessment of inmates 60 days after conviction Annual reassessment (international guidelines) Conditional release and other measures for conviction flexibility Significant life events 23

24 Risk and Criminogenic Needs Assessment System Directorate-General of Portuguese Prison Services Jorge Monteiro Programmes Department 24