A: implicit, unconscious, tacit. The name for cognitive processes of which we lack awareness

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1 A: implicit, unconscious, tacit The name for cognitive processes of which we lack awareness

2 A: top-down The usually conscious influence of past experience on behavior

3 A: circular reasoning Given 2 premises, a and b, when one uses a as evidence for b, then uses b as evidence for a. One of the main criticisms of the Semantic Network approach to categorization.

4 A: unconscious inference Stop motion animation takes advantage of this idea, first described by Helmholtz

5 A: Automatic, Overlearned Tasks are said to be this after they are so well practiced, no conscious control is needed, but performance is nonetheless good.

6 A: Bottom-up processing, topdown processing Computers are really good at the first, humans are much better at using the second

7 A: Perceptual-motor feedback loop An example - you lose your keys between the seats in your car, somewhere that can t see them. You stick your hand down to try to find them. You feel some carpet, but not the keys, and move your hand. You do this repeatedly, until you feel keys.

8 A: Heuristic, algorithm One is a best-guess quick solution to a problem, the other is step-by step method that guarantees the right answer, but is more time consuming

9 A: Rods, cones The two types of photoreceptors

10 A: Law of similarity Things that look similar tend to be grouped together

11 A: geons The basic components of visual percepts, according to Beiderman s RBC theory

12 A: law of continuation Lines that go behind something are perceived as existing behind that thing

13 A: proprioception The rubber hand illusion involves this sensory modality.

14 A: gestalt Organic Whole

15 A: Perceptual expertise hypothesis (involves experience dependent plasticity) The alternative to the FFA being specialized for faces

16 A: perception This takes place after the physical stimulus is interpreted by sensory receptors

17 A: control (by the central executive/lighthouse keeper) The most popular analogy for attention in the literature today

18 A: Filter/Bottleneck (it was an early selection model) Broadbent s model used this as an analogy for attention

19 A: Leaky filter (attenuation model) glue (feature integration theory) The two analogies for attention offered by Treisman

20 A: divided attention Paying attention to two things at once

21 A: fuel/resource The best analogy for attention to describe why cell phones are bad while driving

22 A: Late selection Models of attention in which information isn t processed until after it enters the cognitive system are known as this

23 A: salience The main characteristic that would lead to attentional fixation when controlled in a bottom-up manner

24 A: externally Experts tend to focus their attention here when performing tasks they are expert at

25 A: The Quiet Eye Refers to the gaze characteristics of experts across many domains

26 A: Fixating on stimuli that are not relevant to a conversation. Normal people fixate on eyes, mouths, and faces generally These are the characteristics of autistic attentional fixations when watching a conversation

27 A: definitional The original approach to categorization was called this

28 A: exemplar This approach to categorization accounts for typicality, but is too capacity-intensive for humans

29 A: family resemblance Wittgenstein suggested this as leading to category membership

30 A: possessing necessary and sufficient characteristics Artistotle suggested this as criteria for category membership

31 Final Jeopardy Given two cognitive functions a and b, in one case, a is preserved (after a head injury or in the face of a behavioral distractor), whereas b is impaired. In the second case, at least 2 different behavioral or clinical situations are examined, one in which a is preserved and b is impaired, one in which b is preserved and a is impaired.

32 Final Jeopardy Answer What is the difference between a dissociation and a double dissociation?

Lesson 5 Sensation, Perception, Memory, and The Conscious Mind

Lesson 5 Sensation, Perception, Memory, and The Conscious Mind Introduction: Connecting Your Learning The beginning of Bloom's lecture concludes his discussion of language development in humans and non-humans