3/31/2017. Seven Sins of Memory. Seven Sins of Memory. Seven Sins of Memory
|
|
- Charla Briggs
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Seven Sins of Memory Memory Retrieval 2 Seven Sins of Memory Dan Schacter (Harvard) Compared seven common memory errors to deadly sins If you avoid these, you are rewarded with good memory! But, sinning is not all bad and serves a purpose How good is everyday memory? Shepard (1967) Shepard (1983) Patterson and Baddeley (1977) Seven Sins of Memory The sins Transience Absent Mindedness Misattribution Bias Persistence Each sin tells us something about how memory works 1
2 Transience Deterioration of memory Hermann von Ebbinghaus (1885) Studied meaningless, nonsense syllables (wuj) Tried to recall syllables Forgetting curve Absent Mindedness Lapses of attention resulting in poor encoding Change blindness Inattentional blindness Simons & Chabris (1999) Hyman, et al. (2010), Did You See the Unicycling Clown?... Absent Mindedness Attention can be narrowed by specific stimuli Weapon Focus Effect Stanny and Johnson (2000) Subjects watched crime video in which a gun was or was not discharged 2
3 When trying to retrieve memory, something blocks access Examples Proactive interference Retroactive interference Release from PI shows we can unblock Tip of the Tongue phenomenon von Restorff effect Tulving and Pearlstone (1966) Related to von Restorff effect As number of memorized items per category increases, memory for items decreases Subjects studied lists of 12, 24, or 48 words For each length, the number of words per category was 1, 2 or 4 Free recall vs. category cued recall Condition Category Items 12-1 FRUIT BANANA CLOTHES BLOUSE 12-2 FRUIT BANANA APPLE CLOTHES BLOUSE SOCKS 12-4 FRUIT BANANA APPLE PEAR PEACH CLOTHES BLOUSE SOCKS JEANS JACKET Tulving and Pearlstone (1966) Results Number of items/category influenced cue effectiveness More distinct a cue = better memory Mean # Words Recalled Cued Recall Free Recall Items 24 Items 48 Items List Length and Number of Items Per Category 3
4 Retrieval induced forgetting Anderson, Bjork & Bjork (1994) Intervening test of some items inhibits memory for other items Three phases to the experiment Study Phase Practice Phase Test Phase Condition Drink Unpracticed-unrelateditem (NRp) Vodka --- Drink Unpracticed-unrelated item (NRp) Rum --- Drink Unpracticed-unrelated item (NRp) Gin --- Drink Unpracticed-unrelated item (NRp) Bourbon --- Drink Unpracticed-unrelated item (NRp) Ale --- Drink Unpracticed-unrelated item (NRp) Whiskey --- Drink Unpracticed-unrelated item (NRp) Fruit Tomato --- Fruit Unpracticed-related item (Rp-) Strawberry --- Fruit Unpracticed-related item (Rp-) Banana --- Fruit Unpracticed-related item (Rp-) Orange Fruit Or Fruit Practiced Item (Rp+) Lemon Fruit Le Fruit Practiced Item (Rp+) Pineapple Fruit Pi Fruit Practiced Item (Rp+) % Correct Recall Anderson, Bjork & Bjork (1994) Memory better for NRp items than Rp- items Suppression or inhibition of unpracticed category items FRUIT DRINK orange banana vodka whiskey 0 Rp+ Rp- NRp Rp+ 81% Rp- 40.3% NRp 56% NRp 56% Misattribution Assigning memory to the wrong source Bystander effect Attributing the actions of one person to another Not the same bystander effect as in social psychology Memory conjunction errors Combining/blending information from two sources Study: spaniel varnish Retrieve: Spanish 4
5 Misattribution Payne, Jacoby and Lambert (2004) Examined influence of stereotypical black names versus white names on memory for occupations Memories of events are not isolated and independent Tendency to incorporate information (often misleading) into our recollections Leading questions by attorneys Coercive questioning by police That was a nice blue shirt Bob was wearing. Loftus and Palmer (1974) Misinformation Effect Video of car accident About how fast were the cars going when they each other? hit, smashed, collided, bumped, or contacted Loftus and Palmer (1974) Results Speed estimates were influenced by the verbs severity Mean Speed Estimate (mph) Contacted Hit Bumped Collided Smashed Verb Used in Question 5
6 Loftus and Palmer (1974) Results Question wording also causes us to think something was present Was there any broken glass in the accident? Saw Broken Glass? Verb Used in Sentence Smashed Hit Yes n = 16 n = 7 No n = 34 n = 43 Lindsey (1990) Subjects heard a story, and again two days later again with some details changed Told to ignore changes Same voice for both stories created source monitoring errors Changing voice (male to female) did not create as many errors Bias Feelings, beliefs, and worldview distort memory for events Hindsight bias (hindsight is always 20/20) Feel like we knew something all along Bryant and Brockway (1997) Examined hindsight bias of the OJ Simpson verdict Asked about likelihood of guilt 2-hours before and 2-days after Ronald Regan as the deficit and unemployment fighter PLEASE don t get me started on this I BEG YOU!!!! 6
7 Persistence Remembering things we wish we could forget White bear phenomenon Associated with post-traumatic stress disorder False Memory Encoding items related to a critical item/event can lead one to falsely remember seeing that item/event Deese, Roedigger & McDermott (DRM) False Memory Effect Study a list of words related to a critical lure Recall or recognize the list items Studied item Critical lure Non-studied associate Studied Item Non-Studied Associate Critical Lure 65% 14% 41% False Memory Activation/source-monitoring account Associates activate the lure during encoding During retrieval, subjects have difficulty determining the source of activation of the critical lure snooze pillow night SLEEP rest dream wake 7
3/20/2014. Seven Sins of Memory. Seven Sins of Memory. Seven Sins of Memory
Seven Sins of Memory Memory Retrieval 2 Seven Sins of Memory Dan Schacter (Harvard) Compared seven common memory errors to deadly sins If you avoid these you are rewarded with good memory But, sinning
More informationLongterm Memory. Declarative Memory Consolidation and Sleep. Current Memory Models. Traditional Memory Models. Why Sleep?
1 Longterm Memory Declarative Memory Consolidation and Sleep Kimberly Fenn Cognitive Psychology Psych 200 January 13, 2011 Declarative Memory Memory for facts, information, and events Procedural Memory
More informationPicking Co*on Ac,vity. Picking Cotton on 60 Minutes (http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/03/06/60minutes/main shtml)
Picking Co*on Ac,vity Picking Cotton on 60 Minutes (http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/03/06/60minutes/main4848039.shtml) Forgetting Forgetting is a result of either: 1. Encoding Failure 2. Storage Decay
More informationElizabeth Loftus. Lost in the mall study 1992
Lost in the mall study 1992 -Subject was told 4 stories from his past, including one that was made up about him being lost in the mall at age 5. -Over the next two weeks, he jotted down whatever memories
More informationMemory part I. Memory Distortions Eyewitness Testimony Lineup Studies
Memory part I Memory Distortions Eyewitness Testimony Lineup Studies Memory for detail vs. gist Overview Memory distortions due to Schematic knowledge/general knowledge Semantic associations Misinformation
More informationtesting for implicit bias
testing for implicit bias impartial jury? [i]t is by now clear that conscious and unconscious racism can affect the way white jurors perceive minority defendants and the facts presented at their trials,
More informationMemory Schemas, Source Monitoring & Eyewitness Memory
Memory Schemas, Source Monitoring & Eyewitness Memory Psychology 355: Cognitive Psychology Instructor: John Miyamoto 05/09/2018: Lecture 07-3 Note: This Powerpoint presentation may contain macros that
More information3. Read the study by Grant. Underline psychology key words and add them to your glossary. 4. Make detailed notes on the study
Getting ready to study Psychology: 1. Read the study by Loftus and Palmer. Underline psychology key words and look up what they mean. Get yourself a small exercise book and start to make a glossary. 2.
More informationInformation is taken in by the senses (input) then encoded in the brain where it is processed; this processing is followed by an output.
Define information processing Information is taken in by the senses (input) then encoded in the brain where it is processed; this processing is followed by an output. Define memory Memory is the encoding,
More informationSingers sometimes find it difficult to recall old song lyrics because of all the new songs they have learned.
PROACTIVE AND RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE PRACTICE When the aisles of a shopping mart are changed, you may instinctively start walking towards the old shelves instead of the new ones. Singers sometimes find
More informationMemory. Chapter 7 Outline. Human Memory: Basic Questions. Memory 10/2/ Prentice Hall 1. Chapter 7. How is pulled back out ( ) from memory?
Memory Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Outline Basic Processing Encoding Retrieval Systems of Memory Physiology of Memory Your Memory Human Memory: Basic Questions How does get into memory? How is information in memory?
More informationMemory II. Reconstructive Memory Forgetting
Memory II Reconstructive Memory Forgetting Observe this crime scene What does a penny look like? Memory Biases Memory is better for meaningful significant features than for details of language or perception
More informationLecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept. of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information:
Lecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept. of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information: bamponsah@ug.edu.gh College of Education School of Continuing and Distance Education 2014/2015 2016/2017 Session Overview
More informationTechnical accuracy vs. content accuracy. Is this good or bad? Advantages/Disadvantages
Memory inaccuracy Technical accuracy vs. content accuracy Exact vs. gist Constructive nature of memory Is this good or bad? Advantages/Disadvantages Depends on if need exact or gist Depends on if to-be-remembered
More information5/28/2015. Please recall all of the words that you were asked to learn at the beginning of the lecture. 1. Elaborations during encoding
Part X Memory: Picture Memory, Distortions, etc. 1. Elaborations during encoding 2. Inability to encode 3. Misleading information i at encoding 4. Retrieval biases 5. Verbal processing Please recall all
More informationLeading Words and Estimation
12 Leading Words and Estimation Beyza Özen beyza_ozen@hotmail.com İmran Ünlü unlu.imran@gmail.com Zehra Betül Türel betul.turel65@gmail.com Hazel Varlı hazelvarli@hotmail.com Abstract This study has examined
More informationMEMORY. Announcements. Practice Question 2. Practice Question 1 10/3/2012. Next Quiz available Oct 11
Announcements Next Quiz available Oct 11 Due Oct 16 MEMORY Practice Question 1 Practice Question 2 What type of operant conditioning is Stewie using to get attention from his mom? A rercer that acquires
More informationMemory in Everyday Life. Lesson 5
Memory in Everyday Life Lesson 5 I. Eyewitness testimony and the malleability [influence] of memory A. Memory does not work like a video recorder: People do not encode or retrieve every aspect of an event
More informationCognitive Psychology. Mark Rafter Multiple Intelligences
Cognitive Psychology Mark Rafter http://www.canyons.edu/faculty/rafterm Roster: Please put a checkmark next to your name or add your name. Multiple Intelligences Handouts: Please pick up a copy of today
More informationAnnouncements. Returning to Memory. V. Stage of processing. V. Stage of Processing Model. What do you recall? 4/9/2014
Announcements Grade Query Tool Updated with Exam Scores Aplia Scores Cumulative scores and comparison to class Chapter 7 Aplia due Tonight Chapter 8 Aplia due Monday night Earliest Memory still time to
More informationAnnouncements. Grade Query Tool Updated with. Exam Scores Aplia Scores Cumulative scores and comparison to class
Announcements Grade Query Tool Updated with Exam Scores Aplia Scores Cumulative scores and comparison to class Chapter 7 Aplia due Tonight Chapter 8 Aplia due Monday night Earliest Memory still time to
More informationMemory (1) Visual Sensory Store. Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) Model of Memory
Memory (1) Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) Model of Memory Visual Sensory Store It appears that our visual system is able to hold a great deal of information but that if we do not attend to this information
More informationPresupposition. forweb. Existence Presuppositions. Factive Presuppositions. Connotative Presuppositions. Blame vs. Criticize
Presupposition forweb Propositions whose truth is taken for granted in the utterance of a linguistic expression It s too bad Nader lost the election. Existence Presuppositions The movie on Cinemax is rated
More informationAssessing reliability
Assessing reliability Leslie Cuthbert Recorder, Tribunal Judge & Adjudicator United Kingdom Session Aims There are 3 areas that will be covered in this session: What is the difference between credibility
More informationOutline 3/14/2013. Practice question What are the two types of learning we discussed? Example: remembering our ATM PIN. PSYC 120 General Psychology
Outline 3/14/2013 PSYC 120 General Psychology Spring 2013 Lecture 14: Memory 3 processes of memory Encoding Storage Retrieval Dr. Bart Moore bamoore@napavalley.edu Office hours Tuesdays 11:00-1:00 Office
More informationMEMORY STORAGE. There are three major kinds of storage:
MEMORY Jill Price was capable of remembering everything that happened last year and several years ago. Memory is the ability to store and retrieve information over time. Memories are the residue of those
More informationMemory. 7.2 How Are Memories Maintained over Time? Sensory memory is brief Working Memory Is Active Long-Term Memory Is Relatively Permanent
LP 7A encoding 1 Memory 7.1 What Is Memory? Memory Is the Nervous System s Capacity to Retain and Retrieve Skills and Knowledge Memory Is the Processing of Information Memory Is the Result of Brain Activity
More informationAQA A Level Psychology. Topic WORKSHEETS. Memory.
AQA A Level Psychology Topic WORKSHEETS Memory Page 2 AQA A LEVEL Psychology topic worksheets: MEMORY THE MULTI STORE MODEL Specification: The multi store model of memory: sensory register, short term
More informationIncreasing the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory by grouping related items together into a single unit, or chunk.
chunking Increasing the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory by grouping related items together into a single unit, or chunk. clustering Organizing items into related groups during
More informationChapter 7 09/10/2012. Memory Errors. Memory Errors and Memory Gaps. A Hypothesis about Memory Errors
Chapter 7 Memory Errors and Memory Gaps Memory Errors Dutch people recalled seeing video of El Al flight crashing into apartment building but no video ever made. In another study, Ss confidently reported
More informationRunning head: FALSE MEMORY AND EYEWITNESS TESTIMONIAL Gomez 1
Running head: FALSE MEMORY AND EYEWITNESS TESTIMONIAL Gomez 1 The Link Between False Memory and Eyewitness Testimonial Marianna L. Gomez El Paso Community College Carrie A. Van Houdt FALSE MEMORY AND EYEWITNESS
More informationMemory 2/15/2017. The Three Systems Model of Memory. Process by which one encodes, stores, and retrieves information
Chapter 6: Memory Memory Process by which one encodes, stores, and retrieves information The Three Systems Model of Memory Each system differs in terms of span and duration 1 The Three Systems Model of
More informationProf. Greg Francis 5/23/08
Forgetting IIE 269: Cognitive Psychology Greg Francis Lecture 20 How accurate is eye-witness testimony? Fundamental fact There is no method other than object physical evidence to verify the accuracy of
More informationProf. Greg Francis 8/17/16
Memory discrimination PSY 2 Greg Francis Lecture 18 Many cognitive tasks require you to discriminate between events/stimuli w Is this a real smile? w Is this fruit ripe? w Is there a stapler on the desk?
More informationProf. Greg Francis 1/4/19
Memory discrimination PSY 2 Greg Francis Lecture 18 Many cognitive tasks require you to discriminate between events/stimuli w Is this a real smile? w Is this fruit ripe? w Is there a stapler on the desk?
More informationHow Many Colors Can You Remember? Capacity is about Conscious vs unconscious memories
Science B44 Lecture 18 Visual Memory Memory 1. Afterimage, persistence, iconic sensory memory 2. Conscious vs unconscious memories 3. Short and long term memories 4. Where are memories seen 5. Flashbulb
More informationSkills Center Psychology Practice Exam I Psychology The Adaptive Mind by Nairne
1.) Psychology is defined as a. the scientific investigation of thought processes. b. the understanding of abnormal behavior. c. the scientific study of behavior and mind. d. the study of mental illness
More informationSins of Omission. There are many parts of the brain that determine who a person truly is, but one of the
Danielle Wickingson Psychology 1010 Dana Erskine Ph.D. 30 November 2012 Sins of Omission There are many parts of the brain that determine who a person truly is, but one of the most important is memory.
More informationThe Role of Memory and Eye Witness Testimony
University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Senior Honors Projects Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island 2010 The Role of Memory and Eye Witness Testimony Angela Lang University of Rhode Island
More informationSUMMER TRANSITION PACK AS/ALEVEL PSYCHOLOGY. Year 12 Induction pack
SUMMER TRANSITION PACK AS/ALEVEL PSYCHOLOGY Year 12 Induction pack Southam College- Social Sciences department. Mr Knox- knox.d@welearn365.com, Ms Gill- gill.s1@welearn365.com Mrs Campbell-Birch - campbell.s@welearn365.com
More informationAdvanced GCE Psychology
Advanced GCE Psychology Unit G544: Approaches and Research Methods in Psychology - High banded Introduction OCR has produced these candidate style answers to support teachers in interpreting the assessment
More informationAssessing the Inhibitory Account of Retrieval-Induced Forgetting With Implicit-Memory Tests
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2002, Vol. 28, No. 6, 1111 1119 Copyright 2002 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 0278-7393/02/$5.00 DOI: 10.1037//0278-7393.28.6.1111
More informationPsych 120. General Psychology 7/12/2010. In the last lecture we learned about
Psych 120 General Psychology Christopher Gade Office: 1030A Office hours: MW 4:30-5:30 Email: gadecj@gmail.com Class MW 1:30-4:30 Room 2240 In the last lecture we learned about How memory was first studied.
More informationCOURSE COMPANION MEMORY
COURSE COMPANION MEMORY J The multi-store model of memory: sensory register, short-term memory and long-term memory. Features of each store: coding, capacity and duration. J Types of long-term memory:
More informationMemory: Storage and Retrieval. Lecture 19
Memory: Storage and Retrieval Lecture 19 1 The Storage Phase of Memory Processing Assume that a Memory Trace has been Adequately Encoded What Happens over the Retention Interval? Forgetting 2 Retention
More informationPsychology Midterm Exam October 20, 2010 Answer Sheet Version A. 1. a b c d e 13. a b c d e. 2. a b c d e 14. a b c d e
1 7 Psychology 3450 - Midterm Exam October 20, 2010 Answer Sheet Version A Name: MUN ID: Indicate your answer by crossing out the appropriate letter. Answer 20 questions only. 1. a b c d e 13. a b c d
More informationMemory and the Law: Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is Ebbinghaus concept of association? A: The concept of association, which Ebbinghaus used to explain memory, is pure mechanism. An association link is a link between things. If one member of the
More informationPsych 136S Review Questions, Summer 2015
Psych 136S Review Questions, Summer 2015 For each paper you should be able to briefly summarize the methods and results and explain why the results are important. The guided summary for the Roediger et
More informationFalse Recognition: Words and Images
The Huron University College Journal of Learning and Motivation Volume 51 Issue 1 Article 3 2013 False Recognition: Words and Images Tristan Bell Follow this and additional works at: http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/hucjlm
More informationWhat Effect Do Schemas Have On The Recall Of
What Effect Do Schemas Have On The Recall Of Memories AIM:Bartlett aimed to investigate the effect of culture on memory. memory ability/ability to recall and have advantageous effects if asked to do a
More informationSAMPLE. Memory. The Cognitive Interview.
Memory The Cognitive Interview tutor2u Full Lesson PowerPoint This tutor2u Full Lesson PowerPoint is copyrighted and may not be reproduced or shared without permission from the author. All images are sourced
More informationChapter 5 Short-term/Working Memory
Chapter 5 Short-term/Working Memory Original Information Processing Model rehearsal transfer Sensory Memory Working Memory Long-term Memory input from the world attention retrieval Characterizing Memories
More informationHow much can you trust your memory?
How much can you trust your memory? How Much Do You Know? How much emphasis does the legal system place on eyewitness testimony? What factors can limit an eyewitness accuracy? What role do police officers
More informationTHE ROLE OF TIME DELAY IN MEMORY CONFORMITY
S H O R T R E P O R T S ROCZNIKI PSYCHOLOGICZNE 2016, XIX, 1, 149-157 ENGLISH VERSION DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rpsych.2016.19.1-5en ALEKSANDRA KROGULSKA 1 AGNIESZKA NIEDŹWIEŃSKA Jagiellonian University
More informationTHE FORMATION OF FALSE MEMORIES LOFTUS AND PECKRILL (1995)
THE FORMATION OF FALSE MEMORIES LOFTUS AND PECKRILL (1995) Bell Ringer Eyewitness Testimony Prior to viewing this clip, what is your opinion on eyewitness accounts? Why? MEMORY Your memory is your mind
More informationComplex events. Reconstruction
Page 1 Complex events Reconstruction Give us a dozen healthy memories, well-formed, and our own specified world to handle them in. And we'll guarantee to take any one at random and train it to become any
More informationCLM 2014 Retail, Restaurant & Hospitality Mini-Conference. May 9, 2014 Dallas, Texas CALLING THE EYEWITNESS..THE ADVANTAGE OF BEING THERE
CLM 2014 Retail, Restaurant & Hospitality Mini-Conference May 9, 2014 Dallas, Texas CALLING THE EYEWITNESS..THE ADVANTAGE OF BEING THERE Every day, in every courthouse in the country, eyewitnesses are
More informationMemory Development. Cognitive Development
Memory Development Cognitive Development Memory as information storage Memory Why does our memory sometimes fail us? Memory Schachter s Seven Sins of Memory 1. Transience 2. Absent-Mindedness 3. Blocking
More informationThe effects of a levels-of-processing manipulation on false recall
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2000, 7 (1), 158-162 The effects of a levels-of-processing manipulation on false recall MATTHEW G. RHODES and JEFFREY S. ANASTASI Francis Marion University, Florence, South
More informationAQA Psychology A-level. Topic 2: Memory. Notes.
AQA Psychology A-level Topic 2: Memory Notes Part 1 Coding, Capacity and Duration of Memory: Coding refers to the format or type of information which is stored in each memory store. Coding is acoustic
More information2/27/2017. Modal Model of Memory. Executive Attention & Working Memory. Some Questions to Consider (over the next few weeks)
Executive Attention & Working Memory Memory 1 Some Questions to Consider (over the next few weeks) Why can we remember a telephone number long enough to place a call, but then we forget it almost immediately?
More informationThe Seven Sins of Memory: An Update. Daniel L. Schacter Harvard University
The Seven Sins of Memory: An Update Daniel L. Schacter Harvard University Henry Molaison (1926-2008) New Zealand Herald, June 18, 2009 Two men have had a night in the cells to reflect on the importance
More informationAS PSYCHOLOGY REVISION MEMORY
AS PSYCHOLOGY REVISION MEMORY 3.1.2 Memory Specification The multi-store model of memory: sensory register, shortterm memory and long-term memory. Features of each store: coding, capacity and duration.
More informationChapter 3 Learning and Memory
Chapter 3 Learning and Memory CONSUMER BEHAVIOR, 10e Michael R. Solomon 3-1 Learning Objectives When you finish this chapter, you should understand why: 1. It s important for marketers to understand how
More informationRetrieval-induced forgetting in schizophrenia
Schizophrenia Research 75 (2005) 199 209 www.elsevier.com/locate/schres Retrieval-induced forgetting in schizophrenia Paul G. Nestor a,b, T, Richard Piech a, Christopher Allen a,b, Margaret Niznikiewicz
More informationC242 Comparing Decay Rates 1. Running head: COMPARING DECAY RATES FOR FALSE MEMORIES. Comparing Decay Rates for Accurate and False Memories
Comparing Decay Rates 1 Running head: COMPARING DECAY RATES FOR FALSE MEMORIES Comparing Decay Rates for Accurate and False Memories in the DRM Paradigm Jorie M. Colbert 1 and Dawn M. McBride 2 1 University
More informationUnit 7 Lessons. Unit 7 Objectives. What s your routine?, p /6/14
Lessons Based on Master ASL, J. Zinza Objectives To sign about daily routines and activities To identify and understand noun-verb pairs in ASL To describe clothing To learn and use spatial organization
More informationCOGNITION. Chapter 6: MEMORY DISTORTIONS. Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology (Kellogg)
Mark Van Selst San Jose State University COGNITION Chapter 6: MEMORY DISTORTIONS Fundamentals of Cognitive Psychology (Kellogg) Fall 2013 RECONSTRUCTIVE RETRIEVAL Schema-guided construction of episodic
More informationMemory CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER PREVIEW
CHAPTER 8 Memory CHAPTER PREVIEW Memory is the persistence of learning over time. One helpful model of human memory is the Atkinson-Shiffrin three-stage processing model, which describes how information
More informationSAMPLE. Memory. Eyewitness Testimony Post-Event Discussion.
Memory Eyewitness Testimony Post-Event Discussion E tutor2u Full Lesson PowerPoint SA M PL Full Lesson PowerPoint Key Green = Key Word or Researcher Blue = Question / Discussion Purple = Task / Activity
More informationThe story of Snow White is a beautiful fairytale with princesses, princes and
The story of Snow White is a beautiful fairytale with princesses, princes and dwarfs. The fairytale is about a queen who has a very pretty daughter with black hair, snow-white face and red lips. 1. What
More information10/24/2017. Medial Temporal Lobes. Autobiographical Memory. Episodic and Semantic Memory. Arlo Clark-Foos, Ph.D.
Medial Temporal Lobes Henry Molaison (HM) (1926-2008) Arlo Clark-Foos, Ph.D. Consequences of bilateral removal Episodic and Semantic Memory Endel Tulving on Declarative (Explicit) Memories Autobiographical
More informationArlo Clark-Foos, Ph.D.
Arlo Clark-Foos, Ph.D. Medial Temporal Lobes Henry Molaison (HM) (1926-2008) Consequences of bilateral removal Episodic and Semantic Memory Endel Tulving on Declarative (Explicit) Memories Episodic Memory
More informationDo all these faces look familiar? Can you name them all? Why is it difficult to recall names even though you can recognize them? More generally, why
Do all these faces look familiar? Can you name them all? Why is it difficult to recall names even though you can recognize them? More generally, why do we forget things? Learning Causes Forgetting: Interference
More informationFIGURE CITATIONS Citation Study Topic 1 Devlin Report Lineups 2 Loftus 1974 Lineups 3 Tversky, Kahneman 1977 Blue-green misinformation 4 Laurakas, Bickman 1975 Witness attributes vs. believability 5 Garcia,
More informationCategorization and Memory: Representation of Category Information Increases Memory Intrusions
Categorization and Memory: Representation of Category Information Increases Memory Intrusions Anna V. Fisher (fisher.449@osu.edu) Department of Psychology & Center for Cognitive Science Ohio State University
More informationThe Cognitive Approach
WJEC Psychology A-level The Cognitive Approach Notes Part 1 An Introduction to The Cognitive Approach A01 Introduction and Assumptions: Assumes that the scientific and objective study of internal mental
More informationDiscovering Statistics: Experimental Project
Discovering Statistics: Experimental Project Overview Inthislaboratoryprojectyouwillhavetothinkupanexperiment,designtheexperimentyourselfandthencollectand analyseyourowndata.thisprojectisintendedtofitinwithwhatyou
More informationATKINSON & SHIFFRIN MODEL OF MEMORY. Consists of three stores or functional storage location. Sensory store Short-term store Long-term store
MEMORY ATKINSON & SHIFFRIN MODEL OF MEMORY Consists of three stores or functional storage location Sensory store Short-term store Long-term store ENCODING, STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL The three stores each use
More informationCoding. The format in which information is stored in the various memory stores.
Coding The format in which information is stored in the various memory stores. Coding The format in which information is stored in the various memory stores. Capacity The amount of information that can
More informationMechanisms of Memory: Can we distinguish true from false memories?
Mechanisms of Memory: Can we distinguish true from false memories? Lila Davachi D. Cohen (1996) Dept of Psychology & Center for Neural Science New York University AAAS Judicial Seminar on Neuroscience
More informationAttention. What is attention? Attention metaphors. Definitions of attention. Chapter 6. Attention as a mental process
What is attention? Attention Chapter 6 To drive a car you Use effort Sustain attention Orient to several locations Restrict attention Select particular objects Search for particular objects Respond with
More informationCriminal psychology. July 2016
Criminal psychology July 2016 Dates for your diary Mon 8 th August 1-4 p.m. Group display day Mon 26 th Sep Psychology group doing coffee at coffee morning Tues 4 th Oct Meeting with researcher about Walking
More informationEYEWITNESS IDENTIFICATION. Mary F. Moriarty SPD Annual Conference 2015
EYEWITNESS IDENTIFICATION Mary F. Moriarty SPD Annual Conference 2015 mary.moriarty@hennepin.us The Case In 1984, a college student named Jennifer Thompson was raped in her apartment in Burlington, North
More informationInvestigating the Role of Episodic Gist and False Memory
Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Science December 2017, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 1-13 ISSN: 2374-2380 (Print), 2374-2399 (Online) Copyright The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research
More informationSleepy Suspects Are Way More Likely to Falsely Confess to a Crime By Adam Hoffman 2016
Name: Class: Sleepy Suspects Are Way More Likely to Falsely Confess to a Crime By Adam Hoffman 2016 Sleep deprivation is a common form of interrogation used by law enforcement to extract information from
More informationSchool of Psychology. Professor Richard Kemp. Cognitive Bias: Psychology and Forensic Science
School of Psychology Professor Richard Kemp Cognitive Bias: Psychology and Forensic Science Professor Bryan Found Cognitive Bias: Psychology and Forensic Science What is Cognitive Bias and why does it
More informationRetrieval-Induced Forgetting: Testing the Competition Assumption of Inhibition Theory. Tanya R. Jonker
Retrieval-Induced Forgetting: Testing the Competition Assumption of Inhibition Theory by Tanya R. Jonker A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the
More informationFruit Doris Christine
Fruit Doris Christine I. Introduction (3 min) C&D: Happy English Learning. Let s learn it together. Super. Christine: Hello, everyone. I m Christine. I m from elementary school. Nice to see you on TV.
More informationWorking Memory (Goal Maintenance and Interference Control) Edward E. Smith Columbia University
Working Memory (Goal Maintenance and Interference Control) Edward E. Smith Columbia University Outline Goal Maintenance Interference resolution: distraction, proactive interference, and directed forgetting
More informationConfidence and Memory Accuracy: Do we know what we think we know? Bennett Brocka. University of Iowa
Running Head: CONFIDENCE AND MEMORY ACCURACY 1 Confidence and Memory Accuracy: Do we know what we think we know? Bennett Brocka University of Iowa Running Head: CONFIDENCE AND MEMORY ACCURACY 2 Abstract
More informationUnit 1 Memory. long-term memory. Features of each store: coding, capacity and duration
Unit 1 Memory The Multi-Store Model of memory: Types of Long-Term memory: The Working Memory Model: Sensory register, short-term memory and long-term memory. Features of each store: coding, capacity and
More informationDo you remember where you were/what you were doing when you first heard about September 11th?
9/18/11 Chapter 08: Errors in Long- Term Memory 1 Do you remember where you were/what you were doing when you first heard about September 11th? Flashbulb Memories 2 Some QuesGons to Consider What kinds
More informationThe trouble with eyewitness testimony
Begin with a demo. The trouble with eyewitness testimony Look carefully at the following faces and try to remember them as best you can. April 1, 2008 Dana Roark, Ph.D. End.test later! 1 Again, DNA frees
More informationThe Counterintuitive Relationship between Conceptual and Perceptual Similarities and Eyewitness Suggestibility
Applied Cognitive Psychology, Appl. Cognit. Psychol. (2014) Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/acp.3066 The Counterintuitive Relationship between Conceptual
More informationRetrieval-Induced Forgetting in Item Recognition: Evidence for a Reduction in General Memory Strength
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2007, Vol. 33, No. 5, 863 875 Copyright 2007 by the American Psychological Association 0278-7393/07/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.33.5.863
More informationSENSATION AND PERCEPTION KEY TERMS
SENSATION AND PERCEPTION KEY TERMS BOTTOM-UP PROCESSING BOTTOM-UP PROCESSING refers to processing sensory information as it is coming in. In other words, if I flash a random picture on the screen, your
More informationThe Suggestibility of Older Witnesses
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications, Department of Psychology Psychology, Department of February 2000 The Suggestibility of Older Witnesses
More informationCHAPTER. Memory. Preview
CHAPTER 8 Memory Preview Memory is the persistence of learning over time. Evidence that learning persists includes recall, recognition, and relearning. One helpful model of human memory is the Atkinson-Shiffrin
More informationVery Short Notes. Short Notes. 1 placebo definition 2 placebo effect definition
Chapter 5 The Placebo Effect Notes and Transcript When you make a speech or presentation, you want to know the material very well, even if you have notes and a transcript to look at. You can learn the
More information