Stanley Milgram. Joyce Ann Washington April 6, 2018

Transcription

1 Stanley Milgram Joyce Ann Washington April 6, 2018

2 Family Milgram born in Bronx, NY August 15th, 1933 Adele & Samuel Milgram (Parents) Jewish immigrants & American Golden Opportunity Marjorie Milgram (Older Sister) Joel (Younger Brother)

3 Neighborhood with No Name Moved frequently Landlord's competitions People Mostly Jewish immigrants Clerks, shop owners, teachers, bakers PS 77

4 School and Stanley s Intelligence Milgram stood out as intelligent Lincoln speech Chemistry James Monroe High School Highest IQ Philip Zimbardo Extracurriculars WWII

5 College Queens College Fall 1950 Close to home & free tuition Majored in Political Science Took English literature, music, & art Other extracurriculars Interest in foreign services

6 Sam s Death & Financial Issues December 11, 1953 Died in sleep from coronary thrombosis Left Family without any money Money Problems before Sam s Death Bakery Sugar

7 Switch to Psychology Bernard Fried Full day of teaching Milgram psychology Milgram dissatisfied with Political Science philosophy Spring Harvard Department of Social Relations Fellowship program for Behavioral Sciences

8 Harvard Troubles getting accepted Behavioral Sciences Division of the Ford Foundation fellowship program

9 Gordon Allport Longtime mentor and friend. -Milgram Pioneer in social psychology Original contributes to study of prejudice and religious beliefs Fall 1954 Social Relations interdisciplinary program

10 Stanley s Financial Problems Spring 1955 Loss financial aid Reapplied for Ford Foundation fellowship program Summer job at Commodore Hotel Graduate assistantship

11 Solomon Asch Visiting professor Milgram assigned as Asch s grad assistant Later one of Milgram s influences Conformity study

12 Doctoral Dissertation Study national character from different cultures Asch s influence Study abroad Summer 1953 Wanted Allport to be supervisor From 3-way (England, France, and Germany) to 2-way (US and Norway) experiment

13 Norway Arrived October 5th First Month- Tech. work Guttorm Langaard Mid November Well-oiled experiment Generalization

14 Norway Experiment Experiment 1 62% conformed Experiment 2: Aircraft Condition Safety airplanes signals (3rd variable) 56% Conformed Experiment 3: Private Condition 50% conformed Hypothesized Americans More likely to conform Norwegian Jantle Laws

15 Norway Experiment Cont. Extended stay- March 20th, 1958 Experiment 4: Censure Condition 75% conformed Outside of Oslo University Aircraft condition- 49% conformed Censure condition- 68% conformed Ethics

16 Experiment Taken to France Arrived mid- August, but didn t start research until October 1958 Results- French yielded conformity about 50% of time

17 Princeton Asch s offer Help Asch edit book on conformity Salary- $4,200 Milgram s stress

18 Yale Offer from Yale- May 1960 Milgram accepted Finished with Asch June 1960 Arrived to Yale early September 1960 Drugs Obedience

19 Obedience in Yale Interest in obedience Holocaust Pilot experiment Subjects showed tension, but continued study Difference between grant funded study Responsibility to Subjects

20 Alexandra (Sasha) Menkin (72-74) Met Milgram January 1961 Common interest in art and travel Parents also Jewish immigrants Graduated from Hunter College Interest in dancing Two married in December 1961

21 Obedience in the Real World June 18th, 1961 Milgram put ad up Subjects aged 20 to 50 from all occupations Paid $4.50 for participation John William and James McDonough

22 Shocker Generator (1:47-2:36)

23 Obedience Four- part Experiment Remote condition Voice Feedback Proximity Condition Touch- Proximity Condition Disobedience Freedom from authority Resist to authority

24 Ethics of Obedience One member of Yale Psychology Department reported study to APA Held up Milgram s work July 27, 1962 Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology published Distress of participants William Menold Milgram s Diary

25 Cont. Ethics of Obedience Martin Orne News Coverage New York Times- Sixty-two Percent in Test Blindly Obey Order in Inflicting Pain Worldwide reactions Diana Baumrind Milgram s Rationale APA published Ethical Principles in Conduct of Research with Human Participants

26 Return to Harvard and Academia 1962 Offered position as assistant professor in Department of Social Relations

27 Milgram s Children Michele Milgram Born November 1964 Marc Milgram Born January 1967

28 Lost Letter Experiment Measure prejudice towards undesired social group 400 sealed letters dispersed through city 100 letters address to each 4 fictitious recipients

29 Small World Phenomenon

30 CUNY and City Psychology No permanent position at Harvard January 1967 Howard Leventhal City Psychology Urban vs. Rural experiment

31 Milgram the Filmmaker Made educational films/ documentaries on Social Psychology Harry From The City and the Self (1972) (:10- :51) Invitation to Social Psychology

32 Milgram s Later Years & Health First heart attack 1980 Had 4 more after Remained teaching Ended final years at CUNY Death- December 20th, 1984 Age 51

33 Milgram s Legacy Milgram s influence Holocaust Ethics Small World Phenomenon

34 Discussion Questions 1. Milgram got a lot of controversy for his Obedience experiment, with the APA putting the IRB in place, what are some more ethical practices Milgram could have used? 2. With all ethical issues in mind, would you consider Milgram s Obedience experiment a success? Why or why not?