netw rks Guided Reading Activity Psychological Research Methods and Statistics Lesson 1 What Is Research?
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1 Guided Reading Activity Lesson 1 What Is Research? Review Questions: Identifying Supporting Details Directions: Read each main idea. Use your textbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea. Main Idea A: Because psychologists cannot study every member of a social group, they select a sample of the group to study and then generalize to the group as a whole. 1. Detail: A(n) sample of a group is one that includes all the different types of people that are members of that group. 2. Detail: A large number of people that is not typical of the members of a group is a(n) sample. 3. Detail: A(n) sample consists of choosing people by chance, like drawing names from a hat. 4. Detail: A sample of a group that consists of deliberately selected members of various types of subgroups is a(n) sample. Main Idea B: Psychologists use a variety of methods to maximize the validity and accuracy of their research, depending on what they are studying. 1. Detail: A(n) study focuses in depth on a small number of subjects, while a(n) study examines a large number of subjects for a limited purpose. 2. Detail: refers to studying the behavior of people or animals without being seen. 3. Detail: A survey is a common method of gathering data that often consists of and. 4. Detail: A(n) study looks at the same group of people over a period of time, while a(n) study looks at people in different age groups simultaneously. 5. Detail: If the more A increases the more B increases, they have a(n) correlation; if the more A increases the more B decreases, they have a(n) correlation. 6. Detail: A(n) variable is one that an experimenter changes to observe its effect on subjects; a(n) variable is one that an experimenter does not change, but changes as a result of the effect of the other variable. 7. Detail: In a psychological study, members of the group are exposed to changes but members of the group are not. Understanding Psychology 1
2 8. Detail: Ethical standards for the conduct of psychological tests have been set by the. 9. Detail: To start a new research project on subjects, a psychologist must obtain from an ethics committee. Summary and Reflection Directions: Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the questions below. How have different research methods that have been developed increased the accuracy of tests? How have they decreased the possibility of reaching false conclusions or influencing the results? 2 Understanding Psychology
3 Guided Reading Activity Lesson 2 Problems and Solutions in Research Review Questions: Using Headings and Subheadings Directions: Locate each heading below in your textbook. Then use the information under the correct heading and subheading to help you answer each question. I. Avoiding a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy A. What is a self-fulfilling prophecy for a psychologist? B. How do people unconsciously make their expectations known to others through their behavior? C. What is the difference between a single-blind experiment and a double-blind experiment? II. The Placebo Effect A. What is a placebo? B. Why does a placebo affect a participant s behavior? Understanding Psychology 1
4 III. The Milgram Experiment A. What were the subjects in the Milgram experiment asked to do? B. What was the deception in the Milgram experiment? C. What did the results of the experiment imply? D. What did researchers at Swarthmore College believe had influenced the results of the experiment? E. What surprising findings of the experiment suggested the researchers at Swarthmore College were wrong? 2 Understanding Psychology
5 Summary and Reflection Directions: Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the question below. What types of deception might researchers use, and why do they use them? Understanding Psychology 3
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