COPING WITH CANCER STRESS

Transcription

1 COPING WITH CANCER STRESS

2 COPING WITH CANCER STRESS edited by BASIL A. STOLL Honorary consultant physicion to oncology departments St. Thomos' Hospital and Royal Free Hospital London, U.K. Introduction by AVERY D. WEISMAN Professor of Psychiatry MQSSIIChusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, U.S.A MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS*, a member of the KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP,, DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LANCASTER "

3 Distributors for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, USA for the UK and Ireland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, MTP Press Limited, Falcon House, Queen Square, Lancaster LAI IRN, UK for all other countries: K1uwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands library of Congress Cataloging in PubUcation Data Coping with cancer stress. Includes index. 1. Cdncer--Psychological aspects. 2. Stress (Psychology) 3. Adjustment (Psychology) 1. Stoll. Basil A. (Basil Arnold) [DNLM: 1. Adaptation, Psycho logical. 2. Neoplasms--psychology. 3. Stress, Psychological. QZ 200 C7837J RC262.C '4' ISBN-13: : / e-isbn-13: Copyright 1986 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht. Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1986 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, P.O. Box 163, 3300 AD Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

4 This book is dedicated to the memory of BRYAN SKINNER A tribute to his courage in the face of cancer and his constant hope that others might benefit from his hard-won wisdom

5 VII Preface The emotional pressures on cancer patients and their families are increasing and traditional supports are decreasing. This book attempts to provide a readable, authoritative and balanced review of the emotional pressures and coping methods of cancer patients, and the help currently available to them. The special problems of children and terminal patients with cancer, and the role of the family in coping, are also examined. A balanced and critical assessment is made of defects in health organisation, training of personnel and attitudes to cancer patients in Western society. A similar assessment is made of the growing tendency to self help, mutual help and group activities for such patients. While each individual needs to select coping aids best suited to his or her own temperament, medical advisors need to make more time available for discussion of technical, emotional, social and sexual problems. The availability of a cancer-treating "team" makes this feasible. Chapters were invited from physicians, psychiatrists, psychologists and sociologists expert in this field, and they have responsed to the challenge of writing in non-technical language. This is so that readership can cross disciplinary boundaries and thus stimulate physicians, nurses, psychologists, sociologists, clergy and others, to satisfy some of the currently unmet needs of cancer patients. The reader may note a small amount of overlap between some chapters, permitted in order to maintain continuity and make each chapter complete in itself. London, /986 Basil A. Stoll

6 IX Contents Preface VII Introduction by Avery D. Weisman Part One Impact of Cancer on the Patient Chapter Faith only belongs in Churches? 9 Basil A. Stoll Chapter 2 Impact of Diagnosis on the Patient 21 T.J. Priestman Chapter 3 Coping with Cancer Surgery 29 S.J. Leinster Chapter 4 Coping with Cytotoxic Therapy 39 Alan Coates Chapter 5 Coping with Radiation Therapy 45 Elisabeth Whipp Chapter 6 Depression in Cancer Patients 53 Jennifer. Hughes Chapter 7 Denial in Cancer Patients 63 Jennifer Hughes Chapter 8 Sex and the Cancer Patient 71 Leslie R. Schover Part Two Support of the Cancer Patient Chapter 9 Quality of survival. Can we Measure it? Can we Influence it? 83 Thurstan B. Brewin Chapter 10 Types of Supportive Therapy 95 David R. Nerenz and Richard R. Love Chapter II Help Given by Fellow Patients 103 H.W. van den Borne, J.F.A. Pruyn and K. de Meij Chapter 12 Monitoring of Coping 113 Martin S. Lee Chapter 13 Results of Supportive Therapy 123 Maggie Watson Chapter 14 Psychological Self-Help by Cancer Patients 131 Alastair J. Cunningham

7 X Chapter 15 Caring for Cancer in the Young 143 Martin G. Matt Chapter 16 Caring for the Family 149 Kerry Bluglass Chapter 17 Caring for the Terminal Patient 155 Margaret W. Linn and Bernard S. Linn Part Three Personal Viewpoints Chapter 18 Communicating with the Patient 165 Robert Buckman Chapter 19 One Patient Looks at Cancer 175 Bryan A. Skinner Index 187

8 Contributors Kerry Bluglass, M.B., Ch.B., M.R.C. Psych. Consultant Psychiatrist, The Woodbourne Clinic, Birmingham; Senior Research Fellow, Medical School, University of Birmingham, U.K. Thurston B. Brewin, F.R.C.P., F.R.C.R. Director, Institute of Radiotherapeutics and Oncology, Glasgow; Consultant to Belvidere Hospital and Western Infirmary, Glasgow, U.K. Robert Buckman, M.B., B. Chir., M.R.C.P. Consultant Oncologist, Toronto-Bayview Clinic, Sunnybrook Medical Centre, Toronto, Canada Alan Coates, M.D., F.R.A.C.P. Senior Specialist in Medical Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; Medical Oncologist, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia Alastair J. Cunningham, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto; Member of Senior Scientific Staff, Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Canada K. De Meij, Health Educator, Fellow in Social Oncology, Dutch Cancer Foundation, The Netherlands Jennifer Hughes, M.R.C.P., M.R.C. Psych. Senior Research Fellow, Department of Psychiatry, University of Southampton; Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist, Royal South Hants Hospital, Southampton, U.K. Martin S. Lee, M.B., B.S., M.R.C. Psych. Senior Registrar, Department of Psychiatry, Guy's Hospital, London, U.K. S.J. Leinster, B.Sc., F.R.C.S. (Ed) Senior Lecturer and Consultant Surgeon, Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool, U.K. Bernard S. Linn, M.D. Professor of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine; Associate Chief of Staff for Education, Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Miami, U.S.A. Margaret W. Linn, Ph.D. Professor of Psychiatry, University of Miami School of Medicine; Director, Social Science Research, Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Miami, U.S.A.

9 Richard R. Love, M.D., M.S. Associate Professor of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. Martin G. Mott, B.Sc., M.B., F.R.C.P., D.C.H. Senior Lecturer and Consultant Paediatrician, Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, U.K. David R. Nerenz, Ph.D. Chief, Great Lakes Regional Veteran's Administration Health Services Research and Development Program, Ann Arbor, U.S.A. T.J. Priestman, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.C.R. Consultant in Radiotherapy and Oncology, Dudley Road and Queen Elizabeth Hospitals, Birmingham, U.K. J.F.A. Pruyn, Social Psychologist, IVA, Institute for Social Scientific Research of the University of Tilburg, The Netherlands Leslie R. Schover, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Urology (psychology), Section of Sexual Rehabilitation, Department of Urology, M.D. Anderson Hospital, Houston, U.S.A. Bryan A. Skinner, Late of Grey Gables, Rue de Bocage, La Haule, St. Brelade, Jersey, Channel Islands, U.K. Basil A. Stoll, F.R.C.R., F.F.R. Honorary Consultant Physician to Oncology Departments, St. Thomas' Hospital and Royal Free Hospital, London, U.K. H.W. Van den Borne, Social Psychologist, IVA, Institute for Social Scientific Research of the University of Tilburg, The Netherlands Maggie Watson, Ph.D. Faith Courtauld Unit for Human Studies in Cancer, King's College, Hospital, London, U.K. Avery D. Weisman, M.D. Professor of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, U.S.A. Elisabeth Whipp, M.A., F.R.C.R. Consultant Radiotherapist and Oncologist, Bristol Royal Infirmary; Lecturer in Radiotherapy and Oncology, University of Bristol, U.K.