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1 What s my story?

2 High school Enjoyed science = med school! Well how did I get here? Bachelors - Penn State Majored in Premed + Psychology Met Jim Smith (from Florida State University) Masters - Psychobiology program at FSU Fred Stephan and circadian rhythms Met Fred Turek from Northwestern Doctorate Biology Northwestern - Reproductive endocrinology of circadian rhythms Post Doc at University of Michigan Sarah Winans Newman - neurobiology of male sex behavior REP program

3 Then a miracle occurred.. David Earnest (Former grad student at Northwestern) Joan Morell Faculty member at Rutgers Lydia does Post doc with Invites me for a talk at Rochester Invites Joan Morrell for talk at Michigan State Lydia Don Carlos At Rochester I meet Cheryl Sisk (Former grad student at FSU) Invites me to apply for job at Rutgers Jill Schneider (undergrad at FSU) Invites me to apply for a job at Lehigh

4 Sex, ageing and clocks Jennifer Swann Professor, Lehigh University Dept Biological Sciences

5 My sleep wake

6 His sleep wake

7 Are we so different? How do your patterns look?

8 Larks and Owls?

9 Why melatonin?

10 Melatonin exhibits a strong rhythm

11 Melatonin profiles of Larks and Owls

12 Temperature also shows a rhythm with a peak opposite to melatonin

13 Sex difference in circadian markers Women are advanced compared to men in: DLM On = Dim Light Melatonin Onset CBT = Core Body Temperature minimum DLMO Off = Dim Light Melatonin Offset Cain et al, J Biol Rhythms August ; 25(4):

14 Sex differences decline with age Roenneberg, etal Current Biology Vol 14 No 24 R1038

15 What time is it? How do you know this? Why do you know this?

16 All organisms keep time Microorganisms Insects

17 All of your body keeps time

18 The rhythms do not show the same phase relationship

19 What are circadian rhythms? Circadian = circa+dian (about one day) Endogenous - generated internally Entrainable synchronied to time cues Zeitgebers: light, food, social cues

20 The SCN controls circadian rhythms The suprachiasmatic nucleus is the Master oscillator. Sits above the optic chiasm and receives light from special receptors in the retina

21 Why study rhythms? Implications in health and disease Travel jet lag Shift workers: health professionals, airline pilots Pathologies DSPS, blindness NASA!

22 A hamster is housed in a cage that contains a running wheel. The running wheel has a switch that registers every revolution of the wheel and sends that information to a computer. The computer puts a time stamp on each data point, and collects the data over long periods of time.

23 D L Hamster actograph And circadian qualities 1. Light entrainment DD 2. Free run persistence under constant conditions 3. Period of free running rhythm 24 hours

24 Teenagers!

25

26 Seasonal affective disorder

27 Treatment depends on what type you are!

28

29

30

31

32 Bright light treatment resynchronies rhythms N Engl J Med 1990; 322:

33 Entrainment life on mars Mars has a hour day Astronauts must adapt to the day length to work with equipment

34 Can astronauts adapt to hour day? Twenty subjects working in support of the Phoenix Mars Lander at the SOC in Tucson, AZ Volunteered to work on a Mars schedule Activity monitored with a wrist motion logger Melatonin monitored via urine samples

35 Yes they can! From: Learning to Live on a Mars Day: Fatigue Countermeasures during the Phoenix Mars Lander Mission Sleep. 2012;35(10): doi: /sleep.2128 Sleep 2012 Associated Professional Sleep Societies, LLC.

36 In conclusion: Circadian rhythms are ubiquitous and important!

37 Resources

38 Thank you!

Dr Alex Bartle. Medical Director Sleep Well Clinic Christchurch

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