Evaluation of cellulose and glass fiber in recycled-polyamide thermoplastic composites

Transcription

1 Evaluation of cellulose and glass fiber in recycled-polyamide thermoplastic composites Ian Tivendale 1, Abdul Raheem 1, Touqeer Haider 1, Syed Mukarram 1, Farhan Ahmad 1, Leonardo Simon 1, Talyta Torrezan 2, Alper Kiziltas 3 1 University of Waterloo, 2 Suzano Papel e Cellulose, 3 Ford Motors Society of Plastics Engineers 2017 Automotive Composites Conference and Exhibition 1

2 INTRODUCTION A need exists to reduce weight of materials Glass fibers are a major component in the formulation of thermoplastics It improves stiffness and heat distortion temperature Cellulose fibers are obtained from renewable sources (trees) Eucalyptus trees have a fast growing cycle (about 7 years) Glass fibers have a higher specific gravity than cellulose fibers Cellulose fibers have the potential to reduce the weight of the automotive components leading to increased fuel efficiency SPE-ACCE

3 Goals and Objective Evaluate new sustainable materials to reduce the overall weight of automotive - Lightweight for fuel efficiency - Reduces vehicle cost - Lower the dependency on fossils fuels Specific objectives Evaluate Eucalyptus fiber and recycled-nylon Compare weight savings with glass fiber SPE-ACCE

4 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION Recycled polyamide (Kal-Polymers Inc) Eucalyptus cellulose fiber (Suzano) Glass fibers Lubricant Eucalyptus pulp sheets Glass fiber Recycled Polyamide SPE-ACCE

5 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM Processing Conditions Extruder Temperature (ᵒC) RPM (1/s) Injection molder Barrel Temperature (ᵒC) 250 Residence time (min) 5-7 Conditioning Humidity % 13 Hold time (hours) 48 SPE-ACCE

6 FORMULATIONS Sample # Raw Material (%) Nylon Cellulose Glass Fibers Lubricant Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample 10* Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample SPE-ACCE

7 DENSITY (g/cm 3 ) ay 27 th Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 7 Sample 9 Sample 10 Sample 11 Sample 12 Sample 13 Sample Polyamide Cellulose Glass fibers Lubricant

8 FLEXURAL MODULUS (GPa) ay 27 th 3.1 Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 Sample 7 Sample 8 Sample 9 Sample 10* Sample 10 Sample 11 Sample 12 Sample 13 Sample Polyamide Cellulose Glass fibers Lubricant

9 SPECIFIC FLEXURAL MODULUS (MPa/gcm -3 ) ay 27 th Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 7 Sample 9 Sample 10 Sample 11 Sample 12 Sample 13 Sample Polyamide Cellulose Glass fibers Lubricant

10 Impact Strength (J/m) Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 Sample 6 Sample 7 Sample 8 Sample 9 Sample 10* Sample 10 Sample 11 Sample 12 Sample 13 Sample Polyamide Cellulose Glass fibers Lubricant

11 SPE-ACCE 2017 Sample 2 20 wt% cellulose 0 wt% lubricant Sample 3 20 wt% cellulose 3 wt% lubricant 11

12 SPE-ACCE 2017 Sample 2 20 wt% cellulose 0 wt% lubricant Sample 3 20 wt% cellulose 3 wt% lubricant 12

13 SPE-ACCE 2017 Sample 7 30 wt% cellulose 3 wt% lubricant Sample 3 20 wt% cellulose 3 wt% lubricant 13

14 SPE-ACCE 2017 Sample 7 30 wt% cellulose 3 wt% lubricant Sample 3 20 wt% cellulose 3 wt% lubricant 14

15 Sample wt% cellulose 12.5 wt% glass SPE-ACCE

16 Sample 7 30 wt% cellulose 3 wt% lubricant Sample wt% cellulose 12.5 wt% glass Sample 3 20 wt% cellulose 3 wt% lubricant SPE-ACCE

17 Sample wt% cellulose 12.5 wt% glass SPE-ACCE

18 FORMULATION COMPARISONS 7-70RN/0G/30C Flexural Modulus RN/12.5G/12.5C RN/7.5G/22.5C Izod Notched Impact Strength Density 13-75RN/6.25G/18.75C OmniLon PA6 GR13 Nylon 6, 13% Glass reinforced OmniLon PA6 GR20 Nylon 6, 20% Glass reinforced Tensile Strain at Break Tensile Strength Tecamid 6/6 Nylon 18

19 CONCLUSIONS Specific gravity analysis demonstrates that these samples achieve about 10% reduction in weight Eucalyptus cellulose fiber is a viable material that can be incorporated into the manufacturing process to realize weigh savings Combinations of cellulose fiber and glass fiber presented the best balance of specific flexural modulus and impact strength SPE-ACCE

20 REFERENCES Buchenauer, Andrea. "Wood Fiber Polyamide Composites for Automotive Applications." MASc Thesis. University of Waterloo, "Nylon Scrap Listings." Web. Xu, Jiaxin. Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Recycled Polyamide-Cellulose Fiber Composite. MASc Thesis. University of Waterloo, Marsh, George. "Next Step for Automotive Materials." Next Step for Automotive Materials. Materials Today, 4 Apr Web. 19 Mar Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Kal-Polymer for donation of recycle polyamide sample. Financial support for this research was made available by Ford Motors Company and Suzano Papel e Celulose. SPE-ACCE