Use of Dandelion and Guayule natural rubber in tyre formulations
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1 Use of Dandelion and Guayule natural rubber in tyre Nico Gevers, Apollo Vredestein at Meeting materials 2011 P 1 Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved , ENSI-8GCFMC3632
2 Outline Tyre requirements Environmantal aspects tyres Green materials for tyres Evaluation of NR dandelion and guayule Conclusion, recommendations P Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved 3
3 Tyre requirements Noise Mass reduction Aquaplani ng Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved Rolling Resistan ce Snow and ice Wet grip Wear Safety issues P Wet handling 12
4 Regulations to safeguard environment REACH, Effective 1 st Jan Tyres with Max PAH,10 ppm or PCA <3% ELV, End life of vehicle, Effective 1 st July % recyclability min and increased to min 95% by 2015 ELD, European Landfill Directive (2006) tyres are banned from being put into landfill European UNECE Regulation 117: Tire Noise and Wet Grip EU labeling for rolling resistance of tyres, 1 st Nov 2012 Mandatory fitting of TPMS from 2012 ISO 28580: Future Regulations for RR with Tire Type Approval, RR: - 15 to 20% till 2015 Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved P 7
5 Resistance to movement & Vehicle fuel consumption 1 out of 5 fuel tanks is consumed in overcoming tire rolling resistance 1 out of 3 fuel tanks is consumed in overcoming tire rolling resistance Electrics Order of magnitude : a inertia gravity aerodynamic drag Tire rolling resistance = 20% of overall vehicle rolling resistance Tires for cars : 8,5 ~ 13 kg/t Tires for trucks : 4,5 ~ 10 kg/t Tires for bicycles : 2,5 ~ 5 kg/t Internal Friction rolling resistance Others gravity a rolling resistance Tire rolling resistance = 33% of overall vehicle rolling resistance Carbon Footprint (Kg of CO2 /liter) Petrol : 2.35 Kg Diesel : 2.70 Kg inertia aerodynamic drag 18 Internal Friction Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved P
6 Energy Life Cycle Passenger tyre Production of Raw material & Tyre manufacturing 12 % Recycling Energy recovery Tyre distribution End of life processing <1 % 2 % Collection of Tyres <1 % <1 % In use consumption 85 % Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved P Corporate R&D 17 Landfill
7 Improvement of Diesel cars P Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved Source : 13
8 What do we mean by Greener, Cleaner Technology? Technology that Conserve the natural environment Conserve resources Eliminate the negative impacts on P Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved Reduce/Reuse/Recycle 4
9 Green end life Green materials Green Use Full Cycle Approach Green manufacturing P Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved 22
10 Green/Bio Materials Polymers Reinforcement Fillers Process Oils Chemicals Heavea - brasiliensis Guayule Dandelion Bio isoprene ENR chemically modified Linen Coir Polylactide Silk fiber Spider fiber Chitin Seaweed Rayon Steel Hybrid Versions Corn Starch Cellulose Silica, Nano - SiO 2 Pulverized - Fuel ash Rice husk Nano clays- Montmorillonite Sepiolite Attapulgite Orange oil Sun flower oil Palm oil Castor oil Corn oil Soy oil Non carcinogenic accelerators Less Zinc content Reach compliant 26 Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved P
11 Green tyres in market A few examples Dunlop Epoxy NR Goodyear SBR Corn Yokohama s Orange Oil Michelin winter Helio+ Alpine P RR reduced Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved RR reduced + More towards green materials ContiEcoContact 5 Apollo Vredestein GlobalLite Competence Center Europe Pirelli Eco friendly tyre Quartrac
12 Dandelion and Guayule NR in winter tread Evaluation 1: Samples Dandelion EU pearls Guayule University of Ohio / Wageningen Nico Gevers, Dandelion NR in winter tread P 12 Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved , ENSI-8TWJYP2817
13 Dandelion and Guayule NR in winter tread Polymer analysis GR_1151 GR_1211_NIZ_NIZ XGR_0629 XGR_0610 NR TSR 20 Isoprene NR dandelion 1 Guayule Identification by FT-IR % 100 %NR Heat loss (polymer, 1h@105 C) % Ash (polymer) % ETA extract % Aceton extract % Dirt in NR % Glass transition temperature C Mooney ML(1+4) 100 C M.U Nico Gevers, Dandelion NR in winter tread P 13 Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved , ENSI-8TWJYP2817
14 Dandelion and Guayule NR in winter tread GC MS Dandelion extract hexa decanoic acid Octa decadeinoic acid 6PPD Squalene Amyrin lupeol Nico Gevers, Dandelion NR in winter tread P 14 Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved , ENSI-8TWJYP2817
15 Dandelion and Guayule NR in winter tread Dandelion NR Nico Gevers, Dandelion NR in winter tread P 15 Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved , ENSI-8TWJYP2817
16 Dandelion and Guayule NR in winter tread Results (3) Guayule NR Nico Gevers, First results Guayule in tyre rubber compound P 16 Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved , ENSI-8NAAVM3346
17 Dandelion and Guayule NR in winter tread XEM_710_012 XEM_B _01 XEM_B TSR 20 dandelion Guayule Hardness (median) Sh A Tensile strength MPa Elongation at break % M300% MPa M300%/M100% Tear strength (delft) MPa Filler dispersion FM (dk) % Wear test (DIN), 10' at 170 C mm³ DMA tensile ( C) 20' at 160 C Tan (70 C) Rebound (70 C) % Nico Gevers, Use of Dandelion and Guayule natural rubber in tyre. P 17 Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved 26 September 2012,
18 Dandelion and Guayule NR in winter tread Dandelion and Guayule NR needs better processing: Lower ash, heat loss, ETA extract Nico Gevers, Dandelion NR in winter tread P 18 Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved , ENSI-8TWJYP2817
19 Dandelion and Guayule NR in winter tread Evaluation 2: Samples Dandelion EU pearls (extra extraction) Germany/Wageningen Guayule Cirad (extra extraction) Spain/France Nico Gevers, Dandelion NR in winter tread P 19 Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved , ENSI-8TWJYP2817
20 Dandelion NR, Guayule in winter tread Polymer analysis 2 GR_1151 XGR_0701 XGR_0702 NR TSR 20 NR dandelion 2 Guayule EU Identification by FT-IR % 100 %NR Heat loss (polymer, 1h@105 C) % Ash (polymer) % ETA extract % Aceton extract % Dirt in NR % Glass transition temperature C Mooney ML(1+4) 100 C M.U. Nico Gevers, Dandelion NR in winter tread P 20 Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved , ENSI-8TWJYP2817
21 Dandelion and Guayule NR in winter tread Guayule TSR 20 Dandelion Nico Gevers, Use of Dandelion and Guayule natural rubber in tyre. P 21 Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved 26 September 2012,
22 Dandelion and Guayule NR in winter tread EM_710 XEM_B _01 XEM_B _01 TSR 20 Dandelion Guayule Hardness (median) Sh A Mooney ML(1+4) 100 C M.U t5 (138 C) min Tensile strength MPa Elongation at break % Tear strength (delft) MPa Filler dispersion FM (dk) % Wear test (DIN), 10' at 170 C mm³ E' (20 C) MPa Tan (70 C) Rebound (70 C) % Nico Gevers, Use of Dandelion and Guayule natural rubber in tyre. P 22 Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved 26 September 2012,
23 Dandelion and Guayule NR in winter tread Testresults Guayule and Dandelion in tyres sample Rolling resistance (N) wet grip index High speed High speed min km/h 155/65R14QTL 710 TSR /65R14QTL 710 Dandelion /65R14QTL 710 Guayule RR and wet grip index: > 100 is better Nico Gevers, Use of Dandelion and Guayule natural rubber in tyre. P 23 Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved 26 September 2012,
24 Dandelion and Guayule NR in winter tread Conclusions Dandelion and Guayule NR shows promising results in tyres and tyre Recommendations Improve processing towards eliminations of undesired components and maintaining the high Molecular weigth Increase NR amount and content of dandelion and Guayule Nico Gevers, Use of Dandelion and Guayule natural rubber in tyre. P 24 Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved 26 September 2012,
25 Questions? Nico Gevers, Apollo Vredestein at Meeting materials 2011 P 25 Copyright Apollo Vredestein B.V., all rights reserved , ENSI-8GCFMC3632
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