SUBSTANCE USE AND ABUSE ON CAMPUS: RESULTS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN STUDENT LIFE SURVEY (2013)

Transcription

1 SUBSTANCE USE AND ABUSE ON CAMPUS: RESULTS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN STUDENT LIFE SURVEY (2013) PREPARED BY: INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN AND GENDER & SUBSTANCE ABUSE RESEARCH CENTER UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 1

2 Significance The use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs remains the number one public health problem for colleges and universities throughout the United States. For example, over 1,800 college students 18 to 24 year of age die each year from alcohol-related unintentional causes (Hingson et al., 2010). Alcohol and other drug abuse continues to pose a serious threat to the intellectual, psychological, and physical development of college students. The nonmedical use of prescription medications has increased over the past two decades among college students (Hingson et al., 2010; Johnston et al., 2012; McCabe et al., 2007). College students who abuse alcohol and other drugs experience significantly higher rates of motor vehicle fatalities, unsafe sex, emergency care visits, sexual assault and poor academic performance (Abbey, 2002; Hingson et al., 2010; Perkins, 2002). 2

3 About the Student Life Survey. In 2013, the University of Michigan Institute for Research on Women and Gender (IRWG) and Substance Abuse Research Center (UMSARC), with financial support from the several University of Michigan units, conducted an Internet-based survey using a random sample of full-time undergraduate students attending the University of Michigan. Undergraduates self-administered the 2013 Student Life Survey: Beliefs, Behaviors and Substance Use, a questionnaire that was first developed as a paper and pencil survey in 1993 and later adapted for the Internet. The 1993 survey was developed by Drs. A. Foote and F. Glaser (with substantive assistance from UMSARC researchers). Funds for the Student Life Survey have been provided by the State of Michigan (1993) and the University of Michigan (1993, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (2005). 3

4 Methods 2013 Student Life Survey In January 2013, upon receiving IRB approval, a random sample of 12,000 full-time U-M undergraduate students was drawn from the Registrar. Our initial contact was made with an and a sweepstakes was offered as an incentive for participation featuring cash prizes, travel vouchers, ipads, and a U-M football package. The provided a rationale for the study, information about sponsorship and confidentiality, and a link to the web-based survey application. Several days after sending the initial , the entire sample was sent an inviting them to participate in the 2013 SLS and up to three reminders were sent to nonrespondents. 4

5 Methods 2013 Student Life Survey The 2013 Student Life Survey questionnaire was used in the present study. The questionnaire drew from several survey instruments including national college-based drug surveys such as Monitoring the Future (Johnston et al., 2012) Core Survey (Presley et al., 1996) and College Alcohol Study (Wechsler et al., 2002). Previous versions of the Student Life Survey were tested in Web surveys in 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, and

6 Methods 2013 Student Life Survey Data were collected for approximately 3 weeks during the 2013 Winter semester. N=4,129 randomly selected undergraduate students took the Web survey with a mean age of 20 years (SD = 2.1). The response rate for the Web survey was approximately 35%. The median time to complete the survey was 22 minutes. 6

7 2013 Student Life Survey: Sample 7

8 Demographic Characteristics of Sample and Population Sample (n = 4,129) Total Population (N = 26,156) Total Gender Gender Female 55.8% Female 49.1% Male 44.2% Male 50.9% Race/Ethnicity Race/Ethnicity African-American 4.1% African-American 4.4% Asian 13.7% Asian 16.4% Hispanic/Latino 4.0% Hispanic/Latino 4.2% Native American 0.2% Native American 0.1% White 68.2% White 65.3% Other 9.8% Other 9.6% 8

9 2013 Student Life Survey: Alcohol Use 9

10 Definitions Binge drinking was defined as having five or more drinks in a row for men and four or more drinks for women in the past two weeks. Alcohol use in past month was defined as any drinking (more than a few sips) in the past 30 days. 10

11 Percent of Respondents Binge Drinking and Alcohol Use by Gender Binge Drinking in Past 2 Weeks Alcohol Use in Past Month Male Female Total n = 1579 n = 2016 n = 3592 Note: Binge drinking and monthly alcohol use did NOT differ significantly by gender. 11

12 Percent of Respondents Binge Drinking and Alcohol Use by Race/Ethnicity Binge Drinking in Past 2 Weeks Alcohol Use in Past Month Asian n = 469 African- American n = 143 Hispanic White Other n = 145 n = 2481 n = 357 Note: Alcohol use and binge drinking differed significantly by race/ethnicity (p <.001). 12

13 Percent of Respondents Binge Drinking and Alcohol Use by Living Arrangement Binge Drinking in Past 2 Weeks Alcohol Use in Past Month Residence Hall Fraternity/Sorority House/apt in A2 Outside A2 n = 1374 n = 145 n = 1953 n = 78 Note: Alcohol use and binge drinking differed significantly by living arrangement (p <.001). 13

14 2013 Student Life Survey Primary Drinking Consequences: Drinking Blackout by Living Arrangement 14

15 Percent of Respondents Blackout in Past-Year Due to Drinking by Living Arrangement Residence Hall Fraternity/Sorority House/apt in A2 Outside A2 n = 1027 n = 132 n = 1732 n = 54 Note: Blackouts differed significantly by living arrangement (p <.001). 15

16 2013 Student Life Survey Primary Drinking Consequences: Vomited by Living Arrangement 16

17 Percent of Respondents Vomited in Past-Year Due to Drinking by Living Arrangement Residence Hall Fraternity/Sorority House/apt in A2 Outside A2 n = 1027 n = 134 n = 1731 n = 54 Note: Vomiting differed significantly by living arrangement (p <.001). 17

18 2013 Student Life Survey Primary Drinking Consequences: Driven a Car While Under the Influence of Alcohol By Living Arrangement 18

19 Percent of Respondents DUI in Past-Year Due to Drinking by Living Arrangement Residence Hall Fraternity/Sorority House/apt in A2 Outside A2 n = 1025 n = 135 n = 1732 n = 54 Note: DUI differed significantly by living arrangement (p <.001). 19

20 2013 Student Life Survey Secondary Drinking Consequences: Property Damaged by Someone Drunk by Living Arrangement 20

21 Percent of Respondents Property Damaged by Someone Drunk by Living Arrangement Residence Hall Fraternity/Sorority House/apt in A2 Outside A2 n = 1418 n = 143 n = 1964 n = 78 Note: Property damaged differed significantly by living arrangement (p <.001). 21

22 2013 Student Life Survey Secondary Drinking Consequences: Sexually Assaulted by Someone Drunk by Living Arrangement 22

23 Percent of Respondents Sexually Assaulted by Someone Drunk by Living Arrangement Residence Hall Fraternity/Sorority House/apt in A2 Outside A2 n = 1418 n = 143 n = 1964 n = 77 Note: Sexual assaulted differed significantly by living arrangement (p <.05). 23

24 Percent of Respondents Sexually Assaulted by Someone Drunk by Living Arrangement and Gender Female 8 8 Male ** Residence Hall Fraternity/Sorority House/apt in A2 Outside A2 n = 809 and 609 n = 77 and 66 n = 1090 and 874 n = 43 and 34 5 ** **Note: Sexual assaulted differed significantly by gender for those living in residence halls and house/apt in A2 (p <.01). 24

25 2013 Student Life Survey Secondary Drinking Consequences: Had to Take Care of Someone Who Was Drunk by Living Arrangement 25

26 Percent of Respondents Took Care of Someone Drunk by Living Arrangement Residence Hall Fraternity/Sorority House/apt in A2 Outside A2 n = 1417 n = 143 n = 1963 n = 78 Note: Took care of someone drunk differed significantly by living arrangement (p <.001). 26

27 2013 Student Life Survey: Other Drug Use 27

28 Past-Year Other Drug Use among Undergraduate Students (2013 SLS) Marijuana Rx stimulants Ecstasy Rx pain Non-LSD psychedelics LSD Cocaine Rx antianxiety Rx sleeping Inhalants Heroin Crystal meth 28

29 Past-Year Other Drug Use by Gender among Undergraduate Students (2013 SLS) Male Female Males > Females, p < Marijuana Rx stimulants Ecstasy Rx pain Rx antianxiety Cocaine LSD Other psychedelics Rx sleeping Note: Past-year prevalence rates for inhalants, heroin, crystal methamphetamine use were 1% or less and not shown in this figure. 29

30 U of M Student Life Survey: 20 Year Trends from

31 Cigarette Smoking 31

32 Trends in Past-Month Cigarette Smoking among Undergraduate Students (1993, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2013 SLS) The prevalence of past-month smoking significantly increased from 1993 to The prevalence of past-month smoking significantly decreased each time between 1999 and The prevalence of past-month smoking did not change from 2007 to The prevalence of past-month smoking significantly decreased from 2009 to The prevalence of past-month smoking significantly increased from 2011 to (N = 922) 1999 (N =2041) 2001 (N = 3606) 2003 (N = 9567) 2005 (N = 3639) 2007 (N = 1630) 2009 (N = 1073) 2011 (N = 1353) 2013 (N = 3742) 32

33 Binge Drinking 33

34 70 60 Trends in Past 2-Week Binge Drinking among Undergraduate Students (1999, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2013 SLS) The prevalence of binge drinking significantly increased from 1999 to The prevalence of binge drinking did not change from 2001 to 2007 and between 2009 and The prevalence of binge drinking significantly decreased from 2007 to The prevalence of binge drinking significantly increased from 2011 to (N =2041) 2001 (N = 3444) 2003 (N = 9567) 2005 (N = 3550) 2007 (N = 1630) 2009 (N = 1013) 2011 (N = 1013) 2013 (N = 3592) Note: 1993 binge drinking was not included because the measure was worded differently. 34

35 Potential Alcohol Abuse Assessed in the SLS with the 4-item CAGE Questionnaire. During the past 12 months, have you 1. felt that you should Cut down your drinking? 2. been Annoyed by people criticizing your drinking? 3. felt Guilt or remorse after drinking? 4. had a drink first thing in the morning as an Eye opener or to get rid of a hangover? A positive response to 2 or more of these questions is indicative of potential alcohol abuse or dependence (Ewing, 1984).

36 40 Trends in Undergraduate Men with Positive Past-Year CAGE Screen (1993, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2013 SLS) The % of a positive CAGE screen significantly increased from 2001 to The % of a positive CAGE screen significantly decreased from 2003 and The % of a positive CAGE screen did not change significantly other years (n=353) 1999 (n=777) 2001 (n=1022) 2003 (n=3445) 2005 (n=1390) 2007 (n=610) 2009 (n=370) 2011 (n=448) 2013 (n=1304) 36

37 40 Trends in Undergraduate Women with Positive Past-Year CAGE Screen (1993, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2013 SLS) The % of a positive CAGE screen significantly increased from 2001 to 2003, 2005 to 2007, and 2011 to The % of a positive CAGE screen significantly decreased from 2003 and The % of a positive CAGE screen did not change significantly other years (n=386) 1999 (n=798) 2001 (n=1483) 2003 (n=4625) 2005 (n=1651) 2007 (n=783) 2009 (n=490) 2011 (n=601) 2013 (n=1675) 37

38 Nonmedical Use of Prescription Medications 38

39 Trends in Past-Year Nonmedical Use of Prescription Medications (2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2013 SLS) 10 9 Sleeping Medication Anti-Anxiety Medication Stimulant Medication Pain Medication (n=8460) 2005 (n=3556) 2007 (n=1653) 2009 (n=1058) 2011 (n=1313) 2013 (n=3553) 39