Overview of the Drug Evaluation and Classification Program April 28, 2015

Transcription

1 Overview of the Drug Evaluation and Classification Program April 28, 2015 Sergeant Paul Batcheller Iowa City Police Department Senior Police Officer Mike Dixson Des Moines Police Department Maurice Curry Assistant Polk County Attorney

2 Why do we need to identify drug impaired drivers???

3 DECP Two Levels of Drug Impaired Driving Training Advanced Roadside Impaired Driving Enforcement (ARIDE) Drug Recognition Expert (DRE)

4 DECP Two Levels of Drug Impaired Driving Training Both programs developed and coordinated through the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in conjunction with the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)

5 What is ARIDE??? Developed to bridge the gap between the SFSTs and the Drug Evaluation and Classification Program (DECP). Provides officers with the foundation to recognize the signs and symptoms related to drug impairment.

6 What is ARIDE??? Enhances officers field sobriety testing by teaching them additional tests which often indicate drug impairment. Officers obtain advanced awareness on when to call a DRE.

7 Two-Day ARIDE Course DAY ONE: Consists of refreshing the officer s SFST skills followed by a proficiency exam. Officers learn two new sobriety tests that often indicate impairment by alcohol, other drugs, or a combination of drugs and alcohol followed by a proficiency exam. Officers are subjected to an alcohol workshop where they test actual alcohol-impaired people and have to demonstrate proficiency.

8 Two-Day ARIDE Course DAY TWO: Officers are given information on the drugs contained in the seven different drug categories. Officers are given basic knowledge of the signs and symptoms of each drug category. Officers learn about drug combinations.

9 Two-Day ARIDE Course IMPORTANT REMINDER: ARIDE is NOT a substitute for the DRE Certification!

10 Drug Recognition Expert

11 Program Goals To make our community s streets and highways safer by removing drug-impaired drivers from the road. The DECP uses specially trained officers utilizing a court-recognized and laboratory and field-validated systematic and standardized process.

12 Process Step One Establish that the person is impaired Step Two Rule out medical impairment Step Three Determine the category of drugs involved

13 Medical Rule-Out

14 Brief History Developed by the Los Angeles Police Department in the early 1970 s Reluctance from physicians to get involved due to their traditional low level of training in signs and symptoms of drug impairment at street levels 1980 s NHTSA validated the DRE Program Laboratory validation conducted by John Hopkins University 1985 Field validation by LAPD

15 Brief History DRE officers correctly identified 95% of drug free subjects as unimpaired DRE officers classified 98.7% of high-dose subjects as impaired DRE officers correctly identified the category of drugs for 91.7% of high-dose subjects Only 17.5% of low-dose (above therapeutic range) of amphetamines were classified as impaired Only 32.5% of low-dose marijuana subjects were classified as impaired These procedures used only rarely indicated that unimpaired subjects were under the influence of drugs 72% of all tested had two or more drugs other than alcohol

16 Brief History Johnson County, Iowa 1996 Test case for State of Iowa with the DRE Program Court ruled favorably on the DECP employing the Frye Standard for determining the admissibility of scientific evidence. The Frye Standard is the traditional test for admissibility of new scientific evidence

17 Brief History November 19, 2012 The California Office of Traffic Safety conducted a study featuring a roadside survey of alcohol and drug use by drivers. More drivers tested positive for drugs that may impair driving (14%) than did for alcohol (7.3%). Marijuana alone was more prevalent than alcohol

18 Process Systematic and Standardized Ensures no mistakes are made No examinations are left out No extraneous or unreliable indicators are included Promotes professionalism Ensures acceptance in court

19 12 Step Process Breath Alcohol Test Interview of Arresting Officer Preliminary Examination and First Pulse Eye Examinations Divided Attention Tests Vital Signs and Second Pulse

20 12 Step Process Dark Room Examinations and Ingestion Examination Muscle Tone Injections Sites and Third Pulse Interrogation, Statements, and Other Observations Opinion of Evaluator Toxicological Examination

21 Drug Categories Seven major categories of drugs CNS Depressants CNS Stimulants Hallucinogens Dissociative Anesthetics Narcotic Analgesics Inhalants Cannabis

22 CNS Depressants DECP / DRE Drug Categories Commonly and widely prescribed for treatment of depression Also commonly and widely abused Person taking a therapeutic dosage will not normally exhibit any side effects or appear under the influence Person abusing this type of drug will often exhibit indicators consistent with alcohol intoxication (slurred speech, droopy eyes, clumsy coordination, and sometimes dilated pupils) Person may exhibit a decreased pulse rate and blood pressure and appear very tired

23 Drug Categories CNS Stimulants Several CNS Stimulants that are prescribed (ADHD medication such as Adderall and Ritalin) Illicit drugs such as Cocaine, Amphetamines, and Methamphetamine Person taking a therapeutic dosage will not normally exhibit any side effects or appear under the influence Person under the influence of a CNS Stimulant may exhibit restlessness, abrupt movement, dilated pupils, irritability, rigid muscles, bruxism, and body tremors

24 Drug Categories Bruxism associated with Stimulants & Hallucinogens

25 Drug Categories Person under the influence of Stimulants, Hallucinogens, or Cannabis

26 Drug Categories Hallucinogens No modern day medical use for this drug category Most common types of Hallucinogens are Ecstasy (Molly), Psilocybin Mushrooms and LSD Person under the influence of a Hallucinogen often exhibits a dazed appearance, difficulty with speech, hallucinations, paranoia, dilated pupils, and rigid muscles

27 Drug Categories Dissociative Anesthetics Most common drugs in this category are PCP and DXM DXM is the active ingredient in many cough syrups Person under the influence of a DA can be dangerous USE CAUTION!!! Person often exhibits a blank stare, rigid muscles, hallucinations, non-communicative, slow delayed speech

28 Drug Categories Narcotic Analgesics Several Narcotic Analgesics are prescribed for pain (morphine, suboxen, hydrocodone, codeine) Illicit drugs such as Heroin Person taking a therapeutic dosage will not normally exhibit any side effects or appear under the influence Person under the influence of a Narcotic Analgesic may exhibit a very tired appearance, droopy eyelids, CONSTRICTED PUPILS, fresh injection sites, decreased pulse and blood pressure, and very soft muscle tone

29 Drug Categories Person under the influence of a Narcotic Analgesic

30 Drug Categories Inhalants Every day gases, solvents, and aerosols Person taking these items will inhale or huff the vapors into their noses Most common inhalants are: whipped cream (whip its), Dust- Off, gold spray paint, toluene, gasoline Person under the influence of an inhalant often have bloodshot eyes, they appear confused, they re non-communicative, and slow and slurred speech.

31 Drug Categories Cannabis Aside from alcohol, this is the most common drug you will see people under the influence of Person under the influence of Cannabis often has dilated pupils, bloodshot and glossy eyes, they smell strongly of burnt Marijuana, flushed appearance, impaired perception of time and distance, and an elevated pulse and blood pressure Synthetic Cannabinoids (K2 & Spice): exhibit many of the same indicators of regular Cannabis Harder to detect than Cannabis Unpredictable results due to poor manufacturing Won t test on normal urine tests

32 Heat Blisters

33 Polydrug Use Using more than one drug category Unpredictable results DRE trained to observe and identify drug combinations and affects resulting from that combination

34 Iowa DRE Program In Iowa we currently have 124 DREs Fort the past three years, Iowa s DREs have conducted an average of 1033 Drug Influence Evaluations per year In 2014, Iowa s DREs had 27 Rule-Outs Iowa s DREs averaged seven evaluations per DRE The Iowa Program was ranked third in the United States for DRE evaluations per DRE and honored by NHTSA and IACP at the DRE National Conference

35 Iowa DRE Program Interested in becoming a DRE??? Not a cop class 2 ½ weeks of intensive classroom training In-State Field Certifications in Des Moines Metro Out-of-State Field Certifications in Phoenix, AZ Cost paid entirely by the NHTSA and administered by the GTSB Still interested???

36 Questions???

37 Sergeant Paul J. Batcheller Officer Mike Dixson GTSB DRE Program Administrator