Endocrine System. True or False

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2 True or False Endocrine System Some overweight people actually eat very little; their excess weight is caused by glands A woman who becomes anxious and depressed just before menstruating is suffering from raging hormones

3 True or False Women who pump iron frequently use hormones to achieve the muscle definition that is needed to win bodybuilding contests People who receive injections of adrenaline may report that they feel as if they are about to experience some emotion, but they are not sure which one

4 1. Some people do eat relatively little, but they are sabotaged in their weight loss efforts by hormonal changes that lower the rate at which they metabolize food

5 2. Women may become somewhat more anxious or depressed at the time of menstruation, but the effects of hormones have been exaggerated

6 3. Many top bodybuilders (both women and men) do use steroids (hormones that are produced by the adrenal cortex) and growth hormones to achieve muscle mass and definition Steroids and growth hormones promote resistance to stress and muscle growth in both genders

7 4. Adrenaline, a hormone produced by the adrenal medulla, does heighten emotional responsiveness The specific emotion may depend in part on the person s situation

8 Made up of the ductless glands They secrete hormones Released into the bloodstream and circulate through the body Have specific receptor sites Endocrine System

9 Hypothalamus Secretes a number of hormones that influence the pituitary gland Growth hormonereleasing factor (hgrf) causes the pituitary to produce growth hormone

10 Pituitary Gland (The Pea Sized Governor) Referred to as the Master Gland Anterior and Posterior lobes secrete many hormones Growth Hormone Regulates the growth of muscles, bones, and glands

11 Pituitary Gland Anterior and Posterior Prolactin Regulates maternal behavior in lower mammals such as rats Stimulates production of milk in women Endocrine System

12 Pituitary Gland Anterior and Posterior Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Inhibits production of urine when fluid levels in the body are low

13 Pituitary Gland Anterior and Posterior Oxytocin Endocrine System Stimulates labor in pregnant women Maternal behavior (cuddling and caring for young) Obstetricians may induce labor by injecting Oxytocin Causes breasts to eject milk

14 The Pancreas: How Sweet it is Regulates the level of sugar in the blood and urine by releasing insulin and other hormones

15 The Pancreas and Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus Excess sugar in the blood and urine (Hyperglycemia) Can result in a coma or even death Cause: too little insulin People will give themselves shots

16 The Pancreas and Diabetes Hypoglycemia Caused by too little sugar in the blood Shakiness, dizziness, and lack of energy

17 Thyroid Gland Thyroxin Affects the body s metabolism (the rate at which it uses oxygen and produces energy) Hypothyroidism Too little thyroxin- causes people to be overweight Cretinism Too little thyroxin in children Hyperthyroidism Too much thyroxin- excitability, insomnia, weight loss

18 Pineal Gland Regulates Sleep- Wake cycle through melatonin

19 Adrenal Gland Have an outer cortex and inner layer (medulla) Outer Cortex Corticosteroids Increase resistance to stress Promote muscle development Cause the liver to release stored sugar ( in emergencies)» Allows you to swerve your car

20 Adrenal Gland (has an outer cortex and inner layer) Inner Layer (medulla) Adrenaline (epinephrine), and Noradrenaline Arouse the body to cope with threats and stress Intensifies emotions Raises blood pressure