Review for 7 th Science 1 st Semester Exam 17-18 Answer the questions. Day 2 22. What happens to the temperature in a compost bin during decomposition? Increases Interpret: Be able to interpret graphs. 23. What happens to the organic matter during decomposition? It is broken down into useful compounds and nutrients. 24. What energy transformation occurs as biomass decays in a compost bin? Chemical energy Thermal energy 25. What materials in a compost bin will be recycled into soil-enriching nutrients? Biomass material from living & once living organisms. (Ex: newspapers, fruits, vegetables). 26. During decomposition, what does the bacteria in the soil do? Changes Nitrogen into a useable form. 27. Where does a herbivore get it nutrients from in its habitat? By eating plants that receive its energy from the Sun. 28. In a compost bin, what process leads to the cycling of organic matter? Decomposition 29. What gas do plants release as a result of photosynthesis? O2 - Oxygen 30. What energy transformation occurs during photosynthesis? Radiant energy Chemical energy Page 1 of 7
31. Glucose helps maintain life on our planet by storing what type of energy? Chemical energy 32. The diagram provided illustrates the process of photosynthesis, including the substances used by and produced by plants. What is the identity of the chemical represented by the question mark in the diagram? Glucose 33. Show how energy flows through a food chain? Sun Producers Herbivores (Primary Consumers) Carnivores (Secondary Consumers) Top Predators (Tertiary Consumers) Identify: Producers, Consumers, Herbivores, & Carnivores in a Food Chain or Web. 34. Define Producer: Organisms that make complex, energy-containing biomolecules from simple inorganic molecules using energy captured from light. 35. Define Consumer: An organism that must consume other organisms for nutrients. 36. Define Herbivore: Organisms that consume only plants. 37. Define Carnivore: Animals that eat other animals. Page 2 of 7
38. What element is found in all organic compounds? Carbon 39. What is Denitrification? Bacteria returns nitrogen gas to the atmosphere. 40. What is the difference between a primary, secondary, and tertiary consumer? Primary: feeds on producers. Secondary: eats other animals that eat plants. Tertiary: eats secondary consumers. Identify: the paths that energy would flow through an ecosystem diagram. An example of an ecosystem diagram is below. Page 3 of 7
41. A diagram is provided. Which portion of the diagram represents the level with the most available energy? Producers 42. Why are bacteria so important to the nitrogen cycle? It helps turn nitrogen gas into a useable form for plants and animals. Identify: Using a portion of the Periodic Table or an illustration of chemical compounds be able to identify if a compound is organic or inorganic. 43. What element must a compound contain to be organic? Carbon Page 4 of 7
44. What are the elements found in organic compounds? (CHNOPS) Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur 45. The table provides information on the function of different digestive structures. Which of the digestive structures in the table can cause a chemical change to occur? Stomach releases acid to break food into a smaller new substance. 46. What are Carbohydrates made of? Simple sugars. List the smaller molecule that each large molecule is broken down into by digestion. 47. Lipid to Fatty acids 48. Carbohydrate to Simple sugars 49. Proteins to Amino acids 50. What is a chemical change? A change that alters the identity of a substance, resulting in a new substance or substance with different properties. 51. List examples of chemical changes during digestion? -Stomach adding acids to breakdown food into a new substance. -Saliva adding enzymes to breakdown starch. 52. What is a physical change? A change to a substance without forming a new substance, such as changing size or state of matter. Page 5 of 7
53. List examples of physical changes during digestion? -Crushing/cutting food in your mouth. 54. What are indicators a new substance has been formed? Gas production; color change; precipitate (solid) formed; produce heat/light. 55. What is the formula used to calculate work? W=Force (F) x Distance (D) 56. Label the pyramid for work. ***OMIT*** Three situations in which force is applied to a box are illustrated. Describe what work is being done in each situation and how they relate to each other. 57. Situation 1: Yes work lifted a distance of 1 m. (same as Situation 3) 58. Situation 2: No work no movement. 59. Situation 3: Yes work lifted a distance of 1 m. (same as Situation 1) Page 6 of 7
60. When an object is lifted directly from the ground rather than moved with an inclined plane, what will be increased? Force 61. Work is measured in what? Joules (J) 62. What two things have to happen for work to take place? 1. Force applied 2. Shows movement (distance) Page 7 of 7