THEORIES OF
Structuralism
Wilhelm Wundt Structuralism
Structuralism Wilhelm Wundt Discovered basic elements of conscious experience
Structuralism Wilhelm Wundt Discovered basic elements of conscious experience Method -- Introspection
Structuralism Wilhelm Wundt Discovered basic elements of conscious experience Method -- Introspection Divided into two categories Objective Sensations Sight and taste reflect the outside world Subjective Feelings Emotional responses
Functionalism
Functionalism William James
Functionalism William James Experiences are fluid and continuous
Functionalism William James Experiences are fluid and continuous The Principles of Psychology
Functionalism William James Experiences are fluid and continuous The Principles of Psychology Studied how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment
Functionalism William James Experiences are fluid and continuous The Principles of Psychology Studied how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment Introspection and Behavioral Observation
Functionalism William James Experiences are fluid and continuous The Principles of Psychology Studied how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment Introspection and Behavioral Observation Adaptation learned and maintained because successful
Functionalism William James Experiences are fluid and continuous The Principles of Psychology Studied how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment Introspection and Behavioral Observation Adaptation learned and maintained because successful Repeated = Habits
Behavioralism
John B. Watson Behavioralism
Behavioralism John B. Watson Agrees with Functionalists on the importance of learning
Behavioralism John B. Watson Agrees with Functionalists on the importance of learning Unscientific to study consciousness because each individual is unique
Behavioralism John B. Watson Agrees with Functionalists on the importance of learning Unscientific to study consciousness because each individual is unique For psychology to be a science data must be Observable Measurable
B.F. Skinner
B.F. Skinner Reinforcement and rewards = repetition
B.F. Skinner Reinforcement and rewards = repetition Animals are capable of learning complex behavior patterns
B.F. Skinner Reinforcement and rewards = repetition Animals are capable of learning complex behavior patterns People learn like animals
Gestalt School
Gestalt School Max Wertheimer, Kurt Kaffka, Wolfgang Kohler
Gestalt School Max Wertheimer, Kurt Kaffka, Wolfgang Kohler Context affects observations
Gestalt School Max Wertheimer, Kurt Kaffka, Wolfgang Kohler Context affects observations Gestalt = shape or form
Gestalt School Max Wertheimer, Kurt Kaffka, Wolfgang Kohler Context affects observations Gestalt = shape or form Perceptions are wholes that give shape or meaning to parts
Gestalt School Max Wertheimer, Kurt Kaffka, Wolfgang Kohler Context affects observations Gestalt = shape or form Perceptions are wholes that give shape or meaning to parts Experience cannot be broken down into parts
Gestalt School Max Wertheimer, Kurt Kaffka, Wolfgang Kohler Context affects observations Gestalt = shape or form Perceptions are wholes that give shape or meaning to parts Experience cannot be broken down into parts Rejects behavioralist notion of focusing on observable behavior
Gestalt School Max Wertheimer, Kurt Kaffka, Wolfgang Kohler Context affects observations Gestalt = shape or form Perceptions are wholes that give shape or meaning to parts Experience cannot be broken down into parts Rejects behavioralist notion of focusing on observable behavior Learning is active and purposeful, not mechanical
Gestalt School Max Wertheimer, Kurt Kaffka, Wolfgang Kohler Context affects observations Gestalt = shape or form Perceptions are wholes that give shape or meaning to parts Experience cannot be broken down into parts Rejects behavioralist notion of focusing on observable behavior Learning is active and purposeful, not mechanical Learning is accomplished by insight, not repetition
Freud s Psychoanalysis
Freud s Psychoanalysis Unconscious motives and internal conflicts are important in order to determine human behavior
Freud s Psychoanalysis Unconscious motives and internal conflicts are important in order to determine human behavior People are driven by hidden impulses
Freud s Psychoanalysis Unconscious motives and internal conflicts are important in order to determine human behavior People are driven by hidden impulses Dreams represent unconscious wishes
Freud s Psychoanalysis Unconscious motives and internal conflicts are important in order to determine human behavior People are driven by hidden impulses Dreams represent unconscious wishes Consultation with patients
Freud s Psychoanalysis Unconscious motives and internal conflicts are important in order to determine human behavior People are driven by hidden impulses Dreams represent unconscious wishes Consultation with patients Sexual and aggressive urges are more important than conscious experiences in feelings and behavior
Freud s Psychoanalysis Unconscious motives and internal conflicts are important in order to determine human behavior People are driven by hidden impulses Dreams represent unconscious wishes Consultation with patients Sexual and aggressive urges are more important than conscious experiences in feelings and behavior People seek to satisfy their impulses