Psych 020: Introduction to Psychology

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1 Psych 020: Introduction to Psychology Dr. Kimberley A. Clow Outline A Brief Look at the Course Outline How to Study Lectures Textbook What is Psychology? Historical Overview Different Areas What Do Psychologists Do? Major Themes Psychological Truths Please Read Your Outline! Antirequisites Psychology 022E, 023, 100 Textbook Passer, Smith, Atkinson, Mitchell, & Muir. (2003). Psychology: Frontiers and Applications. 1 st Canadian Edition Evaluation 4 multiple-choice tests Fall & Winter Midterms Not cumulative 15% each Christmas & Final Exams Cumulative 35% each

2 Make-Up Exams Make-ups for midterms You must inform me BEFORE the test begins Contact me by or leave a message for me in my department mailbox Bring me valid documentation See course outline Make-ups for Christmas and Final Exams You must inform your academic counsellor IMMEDIATELY Ask their permission to write a make-up Bring them your valid documentation Get the Special Examination Form You will need signatures from me, the Dean, and the Dept. Chair Otherwise, you get a ZERO for missing the exams Participation Requirement Your student ID Password -- anything you like The address where reminders should be sent

3 After you have registered, you can login anytime with your ID and the password you chose Need more info? Having problems? Send an to Helen Harris

4 Date Topic Chapter September 4 Introduction 1 September 11 Research Methods & Statistics 2 & Appendix A September 18 Neurons & the Nervous System 3 September 25 Drugs & the Brain 3 October 2 Sensation 4 October 9 Perception 4 October 16 No Class Study Hard Sat Oct 18 Test 1 Fall Midterm October 23 Consciousness 5 October 30 Learning 6 November 6 Learning 6 November 13 Memory I 7 November 20 Memory II 7 November 27 Motivation & Emotion 8 December 5-17 Test 2 Christmas Exam January 8 Intelligence 9 January 15 Reasoning 9 January 22 Development I 10 January 29 Development II 10 February 5 Social Influence 11 February 12 Interpersonal Relationships 11 February 19 Social Psychology 11 February 26 No Class Reading Week March 4 Personality 12 Sat March 6 Test 3 Winter Midterm March 11 Psychological Treatment I 16 March 18 Psychological Treatment II 16 March 25 Psychological Disorders I 13 April 1 Psychological Disorders II 13 April 8 Modern World 15 April Test 4 Final Exam How to Study How to Study the Textbook Textbook is complementary Some topics will overlap with lectures; others will not Lectures will not assume that you have read the text It is up to you whether you read the text before or after class Keep up with the text chapters Focus on ideas and concepts, not just facts Read actively! Highlighting is better than just reading Writing summary notes is better than just highlighting Think about the focus questions in the margins of the text Use additional resources if necessary Study Guide Text website How to Study the Lectures The night before class, go to the class website and print out the overhead slides Come to class Be active! Think! Take notes Ask questions Pay attention to videos What important concepts were conveyed? Review your notes the night after class Fill in any blanks while your mind is still fresh me if you now realize that you didn t understand something or if something is unclear kclow2@uwo.ca

5 What is Psychology? psyche: -ology: soul, spirit, self, or life branch of knowledge Psychology Scientific study of behaviour Actions Thoughts Feelings Reactions Goals are to Describe Understand Predict Control True or False? The greater the reward promised for an activity, the more one will come to enjoy that activity People pull harder at tug-of-war when they are pulling in a group than when they are pulling alone The more people around you when you are in trouble, the more likely you are to get help As suggested by the dumb blonde stereotype, attractive people are seen as less intelligent than non-attractive people People believe that they are alone in their beliefs Opposites attract Roots of Psychology

6 History of Studying Behaviour The Philosophers Aristotle Aristotle Empiricism is born Knowledge through experience Environment and upbringing shape cognitive abilities Rene Descartes Nativism Knowledge is innate Phrenology Bumps in the skull indicate overdeveloped brain regions Can understand someone s personality from these bumps Localized brain regions for behaviour The Scientists Darwin Charles Darwin Natural selection Survival of the fittest Nothing special about humans Humans can be studied scientifically Sechenov Ivan Sechenov Physiologist Believed that all complex behaviour can be explained by reflexes

7 Cognitive Psychology is Born Wilhelm Wundt Founder of Structuralism Studied the same phenomena cognitive psychologists study today Used Introspection Ebbinghaus Hermann von Ebbinghaus First rigorous empirical study of cognitive phenomena Memory & Forgetting North American Influences William James Functionalism John Watson Rise of Behaviourism Wolfgang Kohler Gestalt Psychology The whole > the sum of its parts Fled to North America during WWII Everyone s Favourite Shrink Freud Sigmund Freud Austrian physician that focused on mental illness Psychoanalytic theory of mental disorders The importance of unconscious processes Impact of early childhood experiences

8 Now Cognitive Revolution Returning to scientific study of mental processes Thoughts, feelings Social Influences WWII research on obedience & conformity Desegregation research on prejudice & racism Multiculturalism cultural differences Different Areas Other Psychology 15% Biological and Experimental 16% Industrial/Organizational 3% Social and Personality 8% Educational 3% Developmental 6% School 3% Clinical 36% Counseling 10% What do Psychologists do? Majority work in universities and colleges Focus on research Clinical Psychologists Private Practice Clinic or Hospital

9 Psychiatry vs. Psychology Psychiatrists M.D. Plus training in treatment of medical disorders May prescribe drugs for patients Psychologists Ph.D approx 6 yrs post-ba May not prescribe drugs Only Clinical Psychologists are interested in mental disorders Major Themes Nature vs. Nurture Biology vs. Environment Nativism vs. Empiricism Stability vs. Change Stages vs. continuous Rationality vs. Irrationality Automatic vs. Controlled Mind vs. Brain Common Sense vs. Science Psychological Truths Human are biological creatures but social animals People can be understood only in the context of their culture, ethnic identity, and gender identity Each person is different, yet much the same Human lives are a continual process of change People play an active part in creating their own experiences Behavior has multiple causes Can be adaptive or maladaptive Human behavior and mental processes can be studied by the scientific method

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