Circulatory and Respiratory System By: Kendall Taomoto, Czaresse Piano, and Lynn Luu
Content Standards 34.5 Gas exchange occurring in the respiratory system 34.1 Open and Closed circulatory systems linking exchange surfaces with cells throughout the body 34.2 Coordinated cycles of heart contraction drive double circulation in mammals 34.4 Blood cells function in exchange and transport
Overview Respiratory System: Set of organs involving the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body Circulatory System: Responsible for the transportation of blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to body cell
Nasal Cavity -The main function of the nasal cavity is to warm, moisturize, and filter air before it reaches the lungs. -Air that is exiting the body returns moisture and heat to the nasal cavity Pharynx/Larynx, Epiglottis, Trachea - The epiglottis is a small flap of cartilage (below the larynx) that covers the trachea - The trachea, or windpipe, allows for air to enter and exit the lungs
The two bronchi in the body each lead to one lung Bronchi -Cilia, tiny hairs that line the respiratory tract Each bronchi branch ramifies repeatedly into smaller tubes called bronchioles Bronchioles
Alveoli Alveoli facilitates gas exchange. Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Air Space Capillaries Alveolar Epithelium Alveolar Epithelium Capillaries Air Space
Respiratory System Path of Air Nasal Cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Lungs Bronchi/Bronchioles Alveoli
Arteries, Veins and Capillaries Capillaries transfer oxygen and nutrients to tissues in the body while taking away wastes Arteries carry blood away from the heart to organs Veins carry blood back towards the heart
Heart (Contractions) Pumps blood throughout the body -When heart contracts, it pumps blood; when it relaxes, the chambers fill with blood -Contains 4 chambers: left/right atrium & left/right ventricle Right atrium: receives oxygen-poor blood and pumps it to the right ventricle Right ventricle :pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs Left atrium receives: oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it to left ventricle Left ventricle pumps: oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body
Red Blood Cells (Assist in gas exchange and transportation ) Contains a protein called Hemoglobin, which helps transport O2 O2 diffuses into the red blood cells and binds to the hemoglobin RBC transports O2 through the bloodstream in the body; O2 later dissociates from the hemoglobin and into body cells to be used The disk like shape increases surface area and enhances the rate of diffusion of O2 across the plasma membrane
Double Circulation Double Circulation: There are two pumps for the two circuits that combine to the heart Pulmonary circuit: Right side pump delivers oxygen-poor blood to the capillary beds of the gas exchange tissues. Here O2 moves into the blood, and Co2 moves out of the blood. Systemic circuit: Oxygen-rich blood leaves the gas exchange tissues and enters left side pump. Heart contractions pump blood to capillary beds in organs throughout the body. Body uses the o2 and nutrients from the blood. Now oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart. Pulmonary circuit Systemic circuit
Open Circulation Closed Circulation Contractions of heart pumps hemolymph* to body cavities where tissues are surrounded by hemolymph. The hemolymph is diffused through cells until it reaches back to the heart. Open circulation in an insect Circulating fluid is directed through arteries to veins and to other blood vessels throughout the body and is confined within vessels. *Hemolymph: The equivalent to blood in invertebrates Closed circulation in a worm
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