Respiration & Circulation

Transcription

1 Respiration & Circulation

2 Objectives Describe the purpose of the respiratory system List & describe the structures of the respiratory system Describe the respiratory cycle, frequency, and factors that effect respiration in animals Label the parts of the circulatory system Follow the path of a blood cell through the circulatory system

3 Function of the Respiratory System To obtain and use oxygen To eliminate carbon dioxide

4 Structures of the Respiratory System: Nostrils Also Called nares Paired, external openings Separated by nasal septum

5 Nostrils Continued: Dilatable Species Differences Horse: Very Pliable and Dilatable Pig: Rigid

6 Structures of the Respiratory System: Nasal Cavities Nasal Cavities Paired Separated by Nasal Septum, and from mouth to palate Pharynx Common pathway for air & food

7 Structures of the Respiratory System Larynx: Voice box Organ of Phonation (Sound Production) Sound produced by controlled passage of air which causes vibration of vocal chords Saryinx Voice box for birds Located where trachea divides from bronchi Vibrating Muscles

8 Structures of the Respiratory System Trachea Primary passage way to lungs Cartilage Rings prevent collapse of airway Alveoli Principle site of gaseous diffusion between air and blood

9 Structures of the Respiratory System Lungs Principle organ of respiratory system Paired, found in Thorax Thorax expansion causes lung expansion

10 Right Bronchus Right Lobes Trachea Left Bronchus Bronchioles Left Lobes Pleura Diaphragm Alveoli

11 Respiratory Cycle Inspiration Intake of air Enlargement of thorax and lungs Diaphragm pulls down creating negative air pressure

12 Respiratory cycle Expiration Removal of air Contains mostly Carbon Dioxide Diaphragm pushes UP

13 Factors the affect Respiration Number of respiratory cycles per minute Factors affecting respiratory frequency Horse 12 Cow 29 Pig 40 Sheep 25 Weight Heavy animals breath heavier

14 Frequency Continued Age Younger less frequent Temperature Faster in heat (panting) Health Disease increases

15 Circulatory System

16 Circulatory System Superior Vena Cava Red: Oxygenated Blue: Deoxygenated Right Atrium Tricuspid Valve Perkinge Fibers Right Ventricle Left Atrium Semilunar Valve Mitral Valve Left Ventricle Inferior Vena Cava Septum

17 Circulatory System Circulatory system is a closed circuit path Blood cells follow this path over and over and over again.

18 Follow the Circulatory System Capillary Thin walled blood vessels Site of gas exchange Microscopic in size Every inch of your body is covered in hundreds of capillaries

19 Follow the Circulatory System Vein Pathway of blood headed BACK to the heart Always deoxygenated With 1 exception *Small Veins are called Venules*

20 Follow the Circulatory System Superior/Inferior Vena Cava Where blood ENTERS heart

21 Follow the Circulatory System Right Atrium 1st Chamber of the heart

22 Follow the Circulatory System Tricuspid Valve Valve separating the atrium (top) and the ventricle (bottom)

23 Follow the Circulatory System Purkinje Fibers Prevent backflow of blood

24 Follow the Circulatory System Right Ventricle 2 nd Chamber of heart

25 Follow the Circulatory System Semilunar Valve Deoxygenated blood LEAVES the heart through this valve

26 Follow the Circulatory System Lungs Blood is oxygenated by the lungs

27 Follow the Circulatory System Left Atrium 3 rd Chamber OXYGENATED blood reenters the heart

28 Follow the Circulatory System Mitral Valve Valve between LEFT atrium & ventricle Named because it looks like a Miter s hat

29 Follow the Circulatory System Left Ventricle Last (4 th ) chamber of the heart before blood leaves the heart through arteries

30 Follow the Circulatory System Arteries Blood passageways that take OXYGENATED blood AWAY from the heart

31 Follow the Circulatory System Capillaries (start the path all over again) Where the process starts Junction between arteries & veins

32 Interesting Fact: Which species of animal has what is known as the second heart? The frog is an important part of the horse s circulatory system it pumps blood up from the horse s leg each time the frog makes contact with the ground. The blood flows down the horse s leg into the digital cushion, a fibrous part of the inner hoof located just above the frog which contains a network of blood vessels. The horse s weight then compresses the frog on the ground, squeezing the blood out of the digital cushion, and pushing it back up the horse s legs.

33 Sketch the Circulatory System On a poster, draw the circulatory system. Should include: All labeled parts of the system Color indicating whether blood is oxygenated or deoxygenated Arrows to show the pathway of blood As always, quality, full credit work = lots of effort!