Relative Arv1 mrna Adrenal 33.48 +/- 6.2 Skeletal Muscle 22.4 +/- 4.93 Liver 6.41 +/- 1.48 Heart 5.1 +/- 2.3 Brain 4.98 +/- 2.11 Ovary 4.68 +/- 2.21 Kidney 3.98 +/-.39 Lung 2.15 +/-.6 Inguinal Subcutaneous WAT 2.11 +/-.21 Spleen 1. +/-.41 Supplemental Figure 1. Arv1 mrna expression in female mouse tissues. Arv1 mrna expression was determined by quantitative RT-PCR of total RNA using B-Actin as the housekeeping gene, and normalized to the least abundant tissue (spleen). Data from technical replicates are reported as the mean +/- S.D. for each tissue.
A Males- Western Diet 4 3 2 1 5 1 15 2 Age (wks) B Females- Western Diet 3 2 1 5 1 15 2 Age (wks) Supplemental Figure 2. Growth curves of Arv1 mice fed a Western Diet- and Arv1 were fed a western diet beginning at time of weaning and body weights were recorded weekly. The western diet contains.21 % cholesterol and 1 % corn oil (w/w); fat accounts for 41% of total calories (Research Diets D1279B). (A) Male (n = 4-7) and Arv1 (n = 2-4) mice and (B) Female (n = 6-7) and Arv1 (n = 5-1) mice.
A B Subcutaneous WAT Perigonadal WAT C BAT D.4.3.2.1. 1 4.4.3.2.1. 1 4.15.1.5. 9 4 2. 1..5. Liver 1 4 E Heart F Lungs G Spleen H Kidney.2.15.1.5. 1 4.5.4.3.2.1. 1 4.15.1.5. 9 4.25.2.15.1.5. 9 4 I J K Brain Body Length Femur Length.5.4.3.2.1. 1 4 cm 15 1 5 1 4 cm 2. 1..5. 6 4 Supplemental Figure 3. Adipose and tissue weights in male and Arv1 mice. Tissue weights and sizes were determined by dissection in chow fed male mice at 12 weeks of age- (A) subcutaneous WAT, (B) perigonadal WAT, (C) BAT, (D) liver, (E) heart, (F) lungs, (G) spleen, (H) kidney, (I) brain, (J) body length, and (K) femur length. Data is reported as the mean +/- S.D. with the n for each tissue on the bar. Comparisons were made by student s t-test and significance was assigned at p<.1.
A Subcutaneous WAT B Perigonadal WAT C BAT D.25.2.15.1.5..2.15.1.5..1.8.6.4.2. 1..5. Liver E Heart F Lungs G Spleen H Kidney.2.15.1.5. 7 5.3.2.1..15.1.5..25.2.15.1.5. I J K Brain Body Length.5.4.3.2.1. cm 1 8 6 4 2 cm 2. 1..5. Femur Length 5 5 Supplemental Figure 4. Adipose and tissue weights in female and Arv1 mice. Tissue weights and sizes were determined by dissection in chow fed female mice at 12 weeks of age- (A) subcutaneous WAT, (B) perigonadal WAT, (C) BAT, (D) liver, (E) heart, (F) lungs, (G) spleen, (H) kidney, (I) brain, (J) body length, and (K) femur length. Data is reported as the mean +/- S.D., with the n for each tissue on the bar. Comparisons were made by student s t-test and significance was assigned at p<.1.
A B Percent Survival Survival All causes of mortality 1 8 27/29 6 17/27 4 2 5 1 15 2 25 Age (wks) Survival- Excluding fight wounds and skin lesions 1 8 6 4 2 Percent Survival 27/29 17/24 5 1 15 2 25 Age (wks) Supplemental Figure 5. Survival curves in the Arv1 mice. Combined survival curves for and Arv1 mice were generated from male and female mice on both chow and western diets. (A) Survival curve for mice that died from all causes of mortality. (B) Survival curve excluding animals which died from fight wounds or were euthanized due to skin lesions.
Supplemental Figure 6. Abnormal white adipose tissue morphology in female Arv1 mice. (A) Gross appearance of littermate female and Arv1 mice at 6 months of age showing lack of subcutaneous (SC WAT) and perigonadal (PG WAT) white adipose tissue. (B) Image of brown adipose tissue (BAT), liver, axillo-thoracic subcutaneous white adipose tissue (Axillo-thoracic SC WAT), inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (Ing SC WAT), and perigonadal white adipose tissue (PG WAT). (C) Histological appearance of hematoxylin and eosin stained subcutaneous inguinal subcutaneous WAT (Ing SC WAT), perigonadal WAT (PG WAT), peri-renal WAT (PR WAT), brown fat (BAT), and liver at 4X magnification.
A B C µg / ml 15 1 5 Total Cholesterol mg / dl 1 8 6 4 2 Plasma Lipids mg / g tissue 15 1 5 Liver TG 1 2 3 4 5 VLDL LDL HDL Fraction D E F TC HDL-C Non HDL-C TG mg / dl 15 1 5 Blood Glucose ng / ml 5 4 3 2 1 Leptin µg / ml 2 15 1 5 Adiponectin Supplemental Figure 7. Plasma lipids, glucose and adipokine levels in female Arv1 mice. (A) Total cholesterol in lipoprotein fractions of pooled plasma from 1 week old female and Arv1 mice fasted 4 hours. (B) Fasting plasma lipid levels (4 hours) were determined in chow fed female (n = 17) and Arv1 mice (n = 9). (C) Fasting blood glucose (4 hours) in female (n = 11) and Arv1 mice (n = 9). (D) Liver triglycerides were measured in female (n = 8) and Arv1 mice (n = 5) at 12 weeks of age. (E) Plasma leptin levels in female (n = 8) and Arv1 mice (n = 5) mice at 1 weeks of age. (F) Plasma adiponectin levels male (n = 1) and Arv1 mice (n = 1) mice at 1 weeks of age. All values are reported as the mean +/- S.D. ( p<.5).
A. B. C. Body Weight (g) Body Weight 26 24 22 2 18 16 Fasting Refed 14 2 4 6 Time (hours) Percent Initial BW 11 1 9 Change in Body Weight Fasting Refed 8 2 4 6 Time Fasted (hrs) Cumulative Food Intake (g) 3 2 1 Food Consumption During Refeeding 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Time (hours) D. E. F. Total Cholesterol Triglycerides Free Fatty Acids mg / dl 15 1 5 mg / dl 15 1 5 mm 1..5 1 2 3 Time Fasted (hrs) 1 2 3 Time Fasted (hrs). 1 2 3 Time Fasted (hrs) Supplemental Figure 8. Fasting challenge in female Arv1 mice. Female wild type () (n = 7) and Arv1 mice (n = 3), 2-4 months of age, were subjected to a 24 hour fasting challenge, followed by a 24 hour refeeding period. Plasma was collected at, 14, and 24 hours of fasting for plasma lipid measurements. Body weight was measured at, 14, and 24 hours of fasting, and then again at 48 hours (24 hours of refeeding). Food consumption was measured every half hour during the first 6 hours of the refeeding period. (A) Body weights, (B) body weight as percent of the initial weight, (C) cumulative food consumption during refeeding, (D) total cholesterol, (E) plasma triglycerides, and (F) plasma free fatty acids are shown. All values are presented as the mean +/- S.D. for each time point, where an asterisk indicates p <.5.