Bones of the skull & face

Bones of the skull & face

Cranium= brain case or helmet Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. The cranium is composed of eight bones : frontal Occipital Sphenoid ethmoid parietal (2) Temporal (2) Parietal bone Frontal bone Coronal suture Lacrimal bone Ethmoid bone Squamous suture Sphenoid bone Temporal bone Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone Infraorbital foramen Vomer bone Mandible Supraorbital foramen Nasal bone Sphenoid bone Middle nasal concha of the ethmoid bone Zygomatic bone Inferior nasal concha Maxilla Mental foramen 2

Cranium= brain case or helmet Frontal Bone (1) Forehead Roof of nasal cavity Roof of orbits Frontal sinuses Supraorbital foramen Articulates with the parietal bones along the coronal suture Forms superior portion of orbit Contains 2 frontal (paranasal) sinuses Parietal bone Frontal bone Coronal suture Lacrimal bone Ethmoid bone Squamous suture Sphenoid bone Temporal bone Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone Infraorbital foramen Vomer bone Mandible Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Supraorbital foramen Nasal bone Sphenoid bone Middle nasal concha of the ethmoid bone Zygomatic bone Inferior nasal concha Maxilla Mental foramen 3

Cranium Parietal Bones (2) Side walls of cranium Roof of cranium Sagittal suture Coronal suture Parietal bones= base of skull Articulations: 1. anteriorly with frontal bones at the coronal suture 2. Posteriorly with occipital bone at lambdoid suture 3. Laterally with temporal bones at squamous suture 4. Between bones at sagittal sinus Parietal bone Squamous suture Lambdoid suture Occipital bone Temporal bone External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Mandibular condyle Styloid process Zygomatic process of temporal bone Coronoid process Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Coronal suture Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Zygomatic bone Temporal process of zygomatic bone Maxilla Mental foramen Mandible 4

Skull 5

Sutures Coronal Suture Parietal bones Frontal bone

Cranium Occipital Bone (1) Back of skull Base of cranium Foramen magnum Occipital condyles Lambdoidal suture Occipital bone articulates with paired parietal bones along the lambdoid suture Foramen magnum (large hole)= opening in occipital bone where nerve fibers pass through from the brain into the spinal cord Occipital condyles= rounded processes on either of foramen magnum which articulate with the first vertebra(atlas) Zygomatic bone Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Zygomatic arch Vomer bone Mandibular fossa Styloid process External acoustic meatus Occipital condyle Mastoid foramen Temporal bone Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Incisive foramen Palatine process of maxilla Median palatine suture Palatine bone Greater palatine foramen Foramen lacerum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Carotid canal Jugular foramen Stylomastoid foramen Foramen magnum Lambdoid suture Condylar canal Occipital bone 9

Sutures Lambdoid Suture Occipital bone Parietal bones

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.14 Sutural bones Parietal bone Occipital bone Temporal bone

Sutures Sagittal Suture Parietal bones

Cranium Temporal Bones (2) Side walls of cranium Floor of cranium Floors and sides of orbits Squamous suture External acoustic meatus Mandibular fossa Mastoid process Styloid process Zygomatic process Parietal bone Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Coronal suture Frontal bone Temporal Bones lie inferior to parietal bones at the squamous suture Zygomatic process= bar like extensions that meets zygomatic bone External acoustic meatus = opening in tympanic region which opens to the inner portion of the ear Styloid process=needle-like extension (attachment for muscles) Mastoid process= rounded process that extends down from the mastoid region of temporal bone (attachment for neck muscles) Mandibular process= depression where mandibular condyle articulates Squamous suture Lambdoid suture Occipital bone Temporal bone External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Mandibular condyle Styloid process Zygomatic process of temporal bone Coronoid process Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Zygomatic bone Temporal process of zygomatic bone Maxilla Mental foramen Mandible 13

Sutures Squamous Suture Parietal bone Temporal bone

Facial Skeleton Maxillae Bones (2) Upper jaw Anterior roof of mouth Floors of orbits Sides of nasal cavity Floors of nasal cavity Alveolar processes Maxillary sinuses Palatine process Parietal bone Squamous suture Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Coronal suture Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Maxillae= upper jaw Contains two maxillary (paranasal)sinuses Lambdoid suture Occipital bone Temporal bone External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Mandibular condyle Styloid process Zygomatic process of temporal bone Coronoid process Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Zygomatic bone Temporal process of zygoma Maxilla Mental foramen Mandible 15

Maxillae

Fig. 7.17 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Parietal bone Frontal bone Coronal suture Lacrimal bone Ethmoid bone Squamous suture Sphenoid bone Temporal bone Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone Infraorbital foramen Vomer bone Mandible Supraorbital foramen Nasal bone Sphenoid bone Middle nasal concha of the ethmoid bone Zygomatic bone Inferior nasal concha Maxilla Mental foramen

Facial Skeleton Zygomatic Bones (2) Prominences of cheeks Lateral walls of orbits Floors of orbits Temporal process Parietal bone Squamous suture Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Coronal suture Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Zygomatic bones = Cheek bones Temporal process projects posteriorly and articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone These two processes compose the zygomatic arch Lambdoid suture Occipital bone Temporal bone External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Mandibular condyle Styloid process Zygomatic process of temporal bone Coronoid process Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Zygomatic bone Temporal process of zygoma Maxilla Mental foramen Mandible 19

Facial Skeleton Zygomatic Bones (2) Prominences of cheeks Lateral walls of orbits Floors of orbits Temporal process Parietal bone Squamous suture Lambdoid suture Occipital bone Temporal bone External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Mandibular condyle Styloid process Zygomatic process of temporal bone Coronoid process Coronal suture Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Zygomatic bone Temporal process of zygoma Maxilla Mental foramen Mandible 20

Frontal bone

Fig. 7.18 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Frontal bone Supraorbital notch Optic canal Nasal bone Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Maxilla Infraorbital foramen Superior orbital fissure Sphenoid bone Palatine bone Inferior orbital fissure Zygomatic bone

Fig. 7.19 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Parietal bone Coronal suture Frontal bone Squamous suture Sphenoid bone Lambdoid suture Occipital bone Temporal bone External acoustic meatus Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Zygomatic bone Temporal process of zygomatic bone Mastoid process Mandibular condyle Styloid process Zygomatic process of temporal bone Coronoid process Maxilla Mental foramen Mandible

Parietal bone

Facial Skeleton= shapes the face and provides attachment for various muscles that move the jaw and control facial expression Lacrimal Bones (2) Medial walls of orbits Groove from orbit to nasal cavity Nasal Bones (2) Bridge of nose Parietal bone Squamous suture Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Coronal suture Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Lacrimal Bones = Median walls of orbit Contains lacrimal foramen for tear drainage Nasal Bones= Bridge of nose Lambdoid suture Occipital bone Temporal bone External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Mandibular condyle Styloid process Zygomatic process of temporal bone Coronoid process Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Nasal bone Zygomatic bone Temporal process of zygoma Maxilla Mental foramen Mandible 26

Facial Skeleton Vomer Bone (1) Inferior portion of nasal septum Inferior Nasal Conchae (2) Extend from lateral walls of nasal cavity Coronal suture Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Temporal bone Parietal bone Squamous suture Frontal sinus Lambdoid suture Vomer= Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms the superior portion of nasal septum Ethmoid bone Nasal bone Crista galli Cribriform plate Perpendicular plate (nasal septum) Inferior nasal concha Palatine process of maxilla Maxilla Styloid process Sphenoidal sinus Occipital bone Internal acoustic meatus Jugular foramen Sella turcica Hypoglossal canal Foramen magnum Mastoid process Palatine bone Vomer bone Mandible Alveolar processes 27

Facial Skeleton Mandible Bone (1) Lower jawbone Body Ramus Mandibular condyle Coronoid process Alveolar process Mandibular foramen Mental foramen Coronoid process Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Mandibular foramen Ramus Coronoid process Mandibular condyle Body Mandible= Largest & strongest bone in the face Mandibular condyle articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) *only movable bone in the skull* Body (a) Mental foramen Alveolar process (b) Mandibular foramen Alveolar arch 28

Frontal sinus Ethmoidal air cells Sphenoidal sinus Maxillary sinus

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.21 Incisive foramen Zygomatic bone Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Zygomatic arch Vomer bone Mandibular fossa Styloid process External acoustic meatus Occipital condyle Mastoid foramen Temporal bone Palatine process of maxilla Median palatine suture Palatine bone Greater palatine foramen Foramen lacerum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Carotid canal Jugular foramen Stylomastoid foramen Foramen magnum Lambdoid suture Condylar canal Occipital bone

Occipital bone

Hypoglossal canal Foramen magnum Jugular foramen Internal acoustic meatus

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.25 Crista galli Cribriform plate Olfactory foramina Frontal bone Ethmoid bone Optic canal Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen lacerum Internal acoustic meatus Jugular foramen Sphenoid bone Superior orbital fissure Sella turcica Temporal bone Foramen spinosum Parietal bone Foramen magnum Occipital bone

Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 7.27 Coronal suture Temporal bone Frontal bone Sphenoid bone Parietal bone Squamous suture Frontal sinus Lambdoid suture Nasal bone Occipital bone Ethmoid bone Crista galli Cribriform plate Perpendicular plate (nasal septum) Inferior nasal concha Palatine process of maxilla Maxilla Styloid process Sphenoidal sinus Internal acoustic meatus Jugular foramen Sella turcica Hypoglossal canal Foramen magnum Mastoid process Mandible Palatine bone Vomer bone Alveolar processes

Zygomatic bone

Table 7.6

Table 7.7