Dr. Gry E. Vlld, Associte Professor, UF/IFAS, Gulf Cost REC
Florid Production: 35,ooo production crege $456 million production vlue Nerly yer-long production
Florid Production: 35,ooo production crege $456 million production vlue Nerly yer-long production GA
Bcteril Spot cused by Xnthomons sp. Four species: Tomto X. euvesictori (T1) X. vesictori (T2) X. perforns (T3, T4) X. grdneri (T2?)
Although X. perforns is n ggressive folir pthogen, it typiclly does not cuse severe lesions on fruit Typicl X. perforns, rce 4
X. perforns, rce 4 X. perforns strins collected over lst 2 yers re extremely ggressive nd cn cuse lrge lesions on tomto fruit! It s ll bout timing X. perforns, rce 4 X. perforns, rce 4
Speck-like symptoms cused by n typicl strin of P. viridiflv. Bcteril Speck of tomto: Pseudomons syringe pv. tomto. Other Pseudomons spp. tht cn ffect tomto: - P. syringe pv. syringe - P. viridiflv - P. cichorii
Fruit Symptoms Photo credit: J. Jones P. syringe pv. tomto P. cichorii - wrm wether pseudomond (> 85 F) Typicl speck symptoms on fruit re depressed lesions; cn be rther lrge.
Why re bcteril diseses cused by Xnthomons so difficult to mnge?
Why re bcteril diseses cused by Xnthomons so difficult to mnge? Fvorble Environment Acrege, concentrted Copper-resistnce Trnsplnts Seed-borne (exotic strins?)
Xnthomonds like tempertures in excess of >80 F nd require high humidity; rin or dew nd re splsh dispersed by rin.
2011-2012: Processed 225 tomto smples Trnsplnt houses nd fields throughout FL. Growers, consultnts, county extension gents, nd progrm field visits. Isolted 175 Xnthomons strins. All X. perforns Rce 4 All but 1 copper tolernt Streptomycin resistnce 14% field & 86% trnsplnt All strins were sensitive to Ksumin 2L t 100ppm
Wht does BLS control look like? Actigrd, 0.75 oz; 66% severity Actigrd + Firewll (3 pps); 15% severity MnKocide, 4 lbs; 85% severity
Gols: Address efficcy of bctericide progrms Lrge plot for demonstrtion purposes Compre merits of drip-pplied vs. stndrd folir ASM progrm Address differences in inocultion Industry comments regrding inocultion vs. nturl infection Mechnicl vs. nturl spred of bcteril spot
Tretments: Grower stndrd: Kocide 3000 (1.5 lb) + Penncozeb 75DF (1 lb) Actigrd: Folir nd drip-pplied (0.5 oz) Antibiotic progrm: Actigrd (folir) + Streptomycin (200 ppm) lt. Ksumin (100 ppm) Wter-treted** Non-treted** **Other mintennce pesticides pplied s necessry.
Tretments: Grower stndrd: Kocide 3000 (1.5 lb) + Penncozeb 75DF (1 lb) Actigrd: Folir nd drip-pplied (0.5 oz) Antibiotic progrm: Actigrd (folir) + Streptomycin (200 ppm) lt. Ksumin (100 ppm) Wter-treted** Non-treted** **Other mintennce pesticides pplied s necessry. Included non-inoculted plots: Cu-Mnc, Wter- & Non-treted tretments. Infiltrted bxil side of leves 2 center plnts; 2-4 leves/plnt; log 6 cfu/ml
Field Trils: 2012-2013 Fll 2012 cv. Chrger 50 ft 3 row plots Trnsplnted 21 Aug Inoculted 28 Aug 1 Cu res, Strep sen Rin = 17 Two hnd hrvests 9 Tretments; 4 reps Spring 2013 Fll 2013 cv. HM1823 cv. Chrger 50 ft 3 row plots 50 ft 3 row plots Trnsplnted 28 Mr Trnsplnted 21 Aug Inoculted 8 Apr Inoculted 28 Aug 4 Cu res, Strep sen 4 Cu res, Strep sen 2 Cu res, Strep res 2 Cu res, Strep res Rin = 20 Rin = 13 Single hrvest Two hnd hrvests 12 Tretments; 4 reps 12 Tretments; 4 reps
Disese Severity Kocide 3000 + Pencozeb 75DF e d d d c c b b P < 0.0001
Disese Severity Kocide 3000 + Pencozeb 75DF P < 0.0001 f e de cd c e b
Tomto Yields Kocide 3000 + Pencozeb 75DF P = 0.0386 d -d bcd cd -d -d bc b
Field Trils: 2012-2013 Fll 2012 cv. Chrger 50 ft 3 row plots Trnsplnted 21 Aug Inoculted 28 Aug 1 Cu res, Strep sen Rin = 17 Two hnd hrvests 9 Tretments; 4 reps Spring 2013 Fll 2013 cv. HM1823 cv. Chrger 50 ft 3 row plots 50 ft 3 row plots Trnsplnted 28 Mr Trnsplnted 21 Aug Inoculted 8 Apr Inoculted 28 Aug 4 Cu res, Strep sen 4 Cu res, Strep sen 2 Cu res, Strep res 2 Cu res, Strep res Rin = 20 Rin = 13 Single hrvest Two hnd hrvests 12 Tretments; 4 reps 12 Tretments; 4 reps Actigrd + Antibiotics Actigrd + Antibiotics 2x weekly Cu-Mnc 2x weekly Cu-Mnc
Disese Severity Kocide 3000 + Pencozeb 75DF P < 0.0001 e e d d b bc bcd bc d
Disese Severity Kocide 3000 + Pencozeb 75DF P < 0.0001 h g fg efg c-f d-g d-g b-d bc bcd b b
Disese Severity Kocide 3000 + Pencozeb 75DF P < 0.0001 b b b b b
Tomto Yields Kocide 3000 + Pencozeb 75DF P = 0.0173 c bc bc bc b b b b
Field Trils: 2012-2013 Fll 2012 Spring 2013 Fll 2013 cv. Chrger 50 ft 3 row plots Trnsplnted 21 Aug Inoculted 28 Aug cv. HM1823 50 ft 3 row plots Trnsplnted 28 Mr Inoculted 8 Apr cv. Chrger 50 ft 3 row plots Trnsplnted 21 Aug Inoculted 28 Aug 1 Cu res, Strep sen 4 Cu res, Strep sen 4 Cu res, Strep sen Rin = 17 Two hnd hrvests 15 Tretments; 4 reps 2 Cu res, Strep res 2 Cu res, Strep res Rin = 20 Rin = 13 Single hrvest Two hnd hrvests 12 Tretments; 4 reps 12 Tretments; 4 reps Actigrd + Antibiotics Actigrd + Antibiotics 2x weekly Cu-Mnc 2x weekly Cu-Mnc
Disese Severity Kocide 3000 + Pencozeb 75DF P < 0.0001 e d d b b bc b b c bc bc
Disese Severity Kocide 3000 + Pencozeb 75DF P = 0.0049 b
Disese Severity Kocide 3000 + Pencozeb 75DF P = 0.0759 bc c bc bc bc bc b b
Tomto Yields Kocide 3000 + Pencozeb 75DF P = 0.0088 bc c c bc b bc b
Summry Cu-mncozeb efficcy ws miniml to non-existent. Actigrd improved disese control, but: Didn t necessrily improve yields. Drip-pplictions were more inconsistent. Mny growers hve since dopted Actigrd s their stndrd.
Spring 2011, Tomto Bcteril Spot - Quintec
GEV 855 GEV 1001 Quin. 200 ppm Quin. 400 ppm Quin. 200 ppm Quin. 400 ppm NA NA Quin. 200 ppm Quin. 400 ppm Quin. 200 ppm Quin. 400 ppm + CuSO 4 + CuSO 4 + CuSO 4 + CuSO 4 Testing found no difference in quinoxyfen sources Quinoxyfen ppers to restore copper sensitivity
Testing found no difference in quinoxyfen sources Quinoxyfen ppers to restore copper sensitivity Activity ppers to be strin specific
THANK YOU Florid Deprtment of Consumer nd Agriculturl Services nd Florid Specilty Crop Foundtion for funding nd dministrtive support.