IOLOGY 12 UNIT 1a ell Structure 1. efine the three main parts of the ell Theory: 3 marks total: 1 mark for each main part a. ll living things are made up of one or more cells. b. The cell is the functional unit of life. c. ll living cells come from pre-existing cells. 2. In the following table, write Present or bsent in the corresponding box to differentiate between an animal, plant, and bacterial cell. 11 marks total: 1/3 mark for each correct answer. Structure nimal ell Plant ell acterial ell Ribosomes YS YS YS Small Vacuoles Only YS Large Vacuole YS Lysosome YS YS Mitochondria YS YS hloroplast YS entrioles YS ell Wall YS YS Plasma Membrane YS YS YS Nuclear nvelope YS YS Nucleoid Region YS 3. Identify the structure labeled X. What organs of the body would have cells that would contain high concentrations of this organelle? (hint sometimes referred to as the powerhouse of the cell). 2 marks total: 1 mark for correct identification and 1 mark for a correct organ Mitochondria: High concentrations would be found in the following organs: heart (muscle cells), kidneys (cells of the nephron), brain (neurons), 4. xplain how the functions of the two organelles in the diagrams are related to each other. 4 marks total: 2 marks for identification of the organelles and 2 marks for a good explanation i ii iii iv i ii iii iv v vi Page 1 of 5
IOLOGY 12 UNIT 1a ell Structure hloroplasts use energy from the sun to make carbohydrates (food) for plants in a process called photosynthesis. When this food is eaten, it is digested into glucose (and other nutrients). The glucose is used to make TP (in the mitochondria) in a process called aerobic cellular respiration. TP is used as an energy source in all organisms. In this process, chloroplasts release oxygen and use up carbon dioxide, whereas mitochondria use up oxygen and release carbon dioxide. 5. Identify each part of the cell indicated and give one role for each structure in the secretion and / or synthesis of a protein. 8 marks total : 1 mark for each identification and 1 mark for each role W: Used to modify and package products in the cell. X: cell (plasma) membrane Used to manage what enters and leaves the cell. Y: nucleus This is the control center of the cell where instructions for cell activities are given and where genetic information is stored. Z: rough endoplasmic reticulum Used to synthesize proteins in the cell. 6. In order from instruction production packaging, storage, and export exiting, describe the correct order of structures involved in the process of producing steroid hormones in the diagram below. Z, X, W, Y V, X, W, Y X, W, Y, Z Z, V, W, Y 7. In the diagram above, the structure labeled X is composed mostly of: glycogen and protein Nucleic acid and glycogen Protein and phospholipids Nucleic acid and phospholipids 8. State one function of each of these parts of the cell:. ell membrane: manages what enters and leaves the cell. Page 2 of 5
IOLOGY 12 UNIT 1a ell Structure. Vacuole:storage of water or nutrients. Microtubule:helps move things within the cell or helps provide structure and shape of the cell. 9. In the cell below, where does cellular respiration occur? nswer: Z 10. xplain how structure is related to function for each of the following organelles: 3 marks total: 1 mark for each combination of structure and function. hloroplast: the membranous thylakoids containin chlorophyll that gather sunlight (energy) needed to make carbohydrates in the process called photosynthesis.. Rough ndoplasmic Reticulum: ribosomes on the R help to carry out protein synthesis and the membranes of the R help with the chemical reactions and help to transport synthesized materials within the cell.. Nuclear membrane: pores in the membrane allow specific substances to enter and leave the nucleus and the membrane provides a physical barrier that protects the N. 11. n electron microscopist took pictures of cells from four different tissue / organs of an adult patient. ach picture showed cells that had a higher than average concentration of one of the following organelles:. ell : Smooth endoplasmic reticulum. ell : Lysosomes. ell : ilia Give a probable tissue / organ that was the source of these cells. Include the function of each organelle in the tissue / organ you named. 6 marks total: 1 mark for each cell type and 1 mark for each explanation.. ell : liver cells: peroxisomes attached to smooth R carry out the detoxification of drugs or cells of the testis or of the adrenal cortex, both of which produce steroid hormones.. ell :white blood cells (leukocytes): lysosomes are used to destroy bacteria and viruses or webbing skin cells during fetal development or webbing skin cells during frog develpoment. ell :cells lining the trachea to trap debris or cells of the fallopian tubes to move an egg or cells of some singled-celled organisms such as paramecium that use cilia to move. Page 3 of 5
IOLOGY 12 UNIT 1a ell Structure 12. Match the following clues on the left to one of the organelles on the right: 8 marks total: 1 mark each Phospholipid bilayer Ribosomes G Modifies proteins Plasma membrane H etoxifies drugs hromatin Stores water Lysosome Hydrolysis Vacuole N F Smooth R Protein synthesis G F Steroid hormones H Peroxisomes 13. Match the following clues on the left to one of the organelles on the right: 8 marks total: 1 mark each irects protein synthesis ytoskeleton G Packages, stores, distributes protein entrosome Microtubule assembly asal bodies F Functional group of ribosomes entriole H Protein synthesis for export N 9 + 0 microtubule pattern F Polyribosome Help form cilia and flagella G For shape and motion H Rough R 14. Which organelle causes autodigestion: Nucleolus Peroxisome Lysosomes Ribosomes 15. Which organelle does NOT have a membrane: ndoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Lysosomes Mitochondria 16. What structure must a substance first pass through in order to enter a cell: Nuclear envelope Plasma membrane ilia Lysosome 17. plant cell unable to build cellulose would NOT be able to build a: Page 4 of 5
IOLOGY 12 UNIT 1a ell Structure ell wall apsule Lysosome Plasma membrane Mitochondria 18. Which of the following is NOT correctly matched: Mitochondria TP synthesis Lysosome rug detoxification Protein modification Ribosome Protein synthesis hloroplast Glucose synthesis 19. What is the advantage for a cell to have different organelles to carry on different functions? 1 mark ach organelle is specialized for a different function so having different organelles increases the ability of the cell to work more efficiently. Page 5 of 5