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ortion frequeny (%) 5 1 Ovry position on er 3 1 WW WD pex Bse Ovry volume (mm 3 ) Figure S1. Ovry volume (thik lines) n ortion frequeny (thin lines) s funtion of position long the er, 15 ys fter silk emergene in hyri B73xUH7 in Exp. 1. Dotte line represents the frontier etween sl n pil ovries use in metolome (Exp. 1) or trnsriptome (Exp. ) nlysis. Brs, 9% onfiene intervl (n 3).

B C D Figure S. Sptil istriutions of orte ovries of plnts sujete to wter efiit uring flowering time, to e ompre with tht in this stuy (Fig. B, min text)., Ers t mturity in the fiel. Ers present hrteristi pil ortion. B-D, Er t mturity in mize sujete to very low wter potentil in MLughlin n Boyer (). B, Controls t high wter potentil; C, low wter potentil plus surose infuse into stems; D, low wter potentil. Imge in : Pioneer.om (1). https://www.pioneer.om/home/site/moile/grow/orn/pollintion-suess/ (esse Ferury 1).

Ovry fresh weight (mg.ovry -1 ) y=.5(.1***)x+.55(.37 ns ) R²=.99 5 15 Ovry volume (mm 3.ovry -1 ) Figure S3. Reltionship etween ovry volume n ovry fresh weight. One point, men of ll ovries t 5 onseutive ovry positions. Ovries were ollete from husk emergene to 5 ys fter silk emergene in oth WW n WD1 tretments in hyri B73xUH7 (Exp. 1). In prenthesis, stnr error of regression oeffiients; ***: P <.1, ns : not signifint.

Strh Frutose Gluose Surose Other osmolytes Frutose Gluose Surose Sugr ontent (µmol.g -1 FW) Osmolyte ontent (mosmol.l -1 ) Co Co +5 C Peunle e e Peunle +5 Developmentl stges B D Figure S. Sugr ontent per unit fresh weight (FW) (top pnel), n osmolyte ontent (lower pnel) s funtion of evelopmentl stges in o (, C), n peunle (B, D) in hyri B73xUH7 in Exp. 1. Bottom up in eh r: surose, gluose, frutose n strh (μmol gluose equivlent.g -1 FW) for sugrs; surose, gluose, frutose n other osmolytes for osmolyte ontent. Other osmolytes orrespon to the ifferene etween the totl osmolyte ontent, lulte from osmoti potentil, n the umulte osmolyte ontents ue to solule sugrs. Green grient, WW; re grient, WD1. HE, husk emergene; SE, silk emer-gene; SE+5, 5 ys fter silk emergene. Vlues re mens of smples hrveste t the en of the y n 1-11h lter t the en of the night. Error rs, stnr error (n ). Diffe-rent letters inite signifint ifferenes etween the molities (smpling te x wter tretment) in Kruskl Wllis test (P <.5).

Sugr mount (mmol.er -1 ) (µmol.ovry -1 ) 1 1 Bsl Ovries 3 1 Totl Silks e C +5 pil Ovries 1. 1... e e Peunle B D +5 Developmentl stges Strh Frutose Gluose Surose Co 1... e E +5 Figure S5. Sugr mount per orgn s funtion of evelopmentl stges in sl ovries (), pil ovries (B), totl silks (C), peunles (D) n os (E) in hyri B73xUH7 in Exp. 1. Bottom up in eh r: surose, gluose, frutose n strh. Green grient, WW, re grient WD1. HE, husk emergene; SE, silk emergene; SE+5, 5 ys fter silk emergene. Error rs, stnr errors (n ). Different letters inite signifint ifferenes etween the molities (smpling te x wter tretment) in Kruskl Wllis test (P <.5).

SPS EN 15 1 5 SuSy EN 3 B C D 1 FBPse EN 3 1 GPDH EN 3 1 5 1 15 1 3 1 3 SPS ED SuSy ED FBPse ED GPDH ED CWI EN E F G H NI EN VI EN 3 1 Not growing silks t SE+5 Surose EN 15 1 5 CWI ED NI ED 1 3 VI ED 5 1 15 Surose ED Figure S. Reltionship etween tivities or ontent mesure t the en of the y (ED) n t the en of the night (EN) in hyri B73xUH7 in Exp. 1., surose phosphte synthse (SPS, EC..1.1); B, surose synthse (SuSy, EC..1.13); C, frutose 1,-iphosphtse (FBPse, EC 3.1.3.11); D, gluose--phosphte ehyrogense (GPDH, EC 1.1.1.33); E, ell-wll invertse (CWI, EC 3..1.); F, neutrl invertse (NI); G, vuolr invertse (VI); H, Surose ontent. Green, WW; re, WD1. Enzyme tivities re nmol.min -1.mg -1 proteins n surose ontents re µmol.g -1 fresh weight. In G, the points out of the teneny orrespon to silks 5 ys fter silk emergene, tht proly ese to grow (Oury et l., 1).

..1 1 1 1 B C D E 1 Proline.1.. Glutmte Mlte mino is Proteins 1 SuSy. 3 1 F G H I J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 CWI NI VI GPDH Figure S7. Metolite ontents n enzyme tivities in leves s funtion of tretments in hyri B73xUH7 in Exp. 1., proline; B, glutmte; C, mlte; D, mino is ontents (µmol.g -1 fresh weight); E, proteins ontents (mg.g -1 fresh weight). F, surose synthse (SuSy, EC..1.13); G, ell-wll invertse (CWI, EC 3..1.); H, neutrl invertses (NI); I, vuolr invertses (VI); J, gluose--phosphte ehyrogense (GPDH, EC 1.1.1.33) tivities (nmol.min -1.mg -1 proteins). Green, WW; re, WD1. Metolite ontent n enzyme tivities were mesure t the en of the y (ED, non-hthe rs) n 1-11h lter t the en of the night (EN, hthe rs). Error rs, stnr error (n 3). Different letters inite signifint ifferenes etween the four molities (perio of the y x wter tretment) in Kruskl Wllis test (P <.5).